Language: English

Published: Italy, 2023

Abstract/Notes: Lottery-based identification strategies offer potential for generating the next generation of evidence on U.S.

Language: English

Published: Providence, Rhode Island, Feb 2023

Abstract/Notes: This paper proposes schools diversify educational programs to combat inequities perpetuated by school choice. For example, the Montessori method, which contains social and emotional development aspects, also decenters the instructor, therein reducing unconscious bias to non-majority students. Federal funding mechanisms have not adequately recognized the efficacy of alternative educational programs and thus limited the viability of such programs in school choice systems.

Language: English

Published: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Dec 2022

Abstract/Notes: A modified approach to the development of verbal expression in young children is proposed as an alternative to either the prescriptive-instructional method or the developmental viewpoint which relies on self-initiated learning. The Bereiter-Engelmann method, the method based on operant conditioning, and the Montessori method are representative of the prescriptive-instructional theory which it is felt to inhibit expressive language. The developmental philosophy stresses a rich environment providing many varied opportunities from which a child selects his own activities. This method, however, does not stimulate his verbal expressive ability. The modified developmental approach which is discussed would encourage expressive language within a developmental context. The child's spontaneity, verbal responsiveness, and eagerness to be heard can be capitalized upon by adults who listen actively. Talk-oriented schools would foster learning that has intellectual, psychological, and social value. Some examples of classroom practice are included.

Language: English

Published: Washington, D.C., 1967

Abstract/Notes: This paper provides a brief history of the work of Maria Montessori and traces the development of the Montessori method in English education. The first woman medical student in Italy, she developed an interest in the needs of mentally handicapped children. Contrary to the accepted view, she came to the conclusion that mentally 'deficient' children required mainly an educational, or 'pedagogical,' rather than a medical treatment. The Montessori movement in England reached its zenith in 1921 and declined due to a division within the ranks of its supporters. However, the influence of Montessori's methods continued to exist and expand, particularly in the private sector of education. Montessori's two principal biographers, Standing and Kramer, missed the significance of the fact that Montessori was a woman in medicine in Italy during a period when women all over Europe were struggling to be admitted into the public sphere. Other researchers have addressed the significance of this factor in the educational field among her contemporaries. Montessori's claims to scientificity and their articulation with an increasingly rationalized education system explain, in part at least, her success. / Paper presented as the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA, April 4-8, 1994.

Language: English

Published: New Orleans, Louisiana, 1994

Abstract/Notes: This report, Vol. II of three interpretive manuscripts, presents Information For The Teacher, a review of literature on preschool reading instruction, along with suggestions and materials for teaching preschool reading. A skills checklist is provided and the educational television program, Sesame Street, is evaluated, since the effectiveness of this medium has been both praised and questioned. Reading readiness and motivation are discussed. The latter portion of this report offers three Appendices: Appendix A is a Guide to Materials for Prereading Instruction, Appendix B lists Publishers of Reading Materials, and Appendix C is a Reference List of Books for Preschool Children. (For related documents, see PS 005 928 and PS 005 930.) (Author/RG)

Language: English

Published: Bloomington, Indiana, Jun 1972

Abstract/Notes: This report answers questions that parents are likely to ask about preschool reading instruction. It discusses the origins, curriculum change, new concepts of intelligence and the various teaching methods such as Montessori and the British Infant School. Unlike previous generations, today's child is exposed to visual and auditory stimulation, and to forces converging simultaneously on the preschool curriculum. Events in technology, social and political changes, have exerted tremendous influence on revamping preschool educational programs. A checklist to determine whether or not the home provides for the development of early reading is offered, along with a Selected Book List for children of various ages. The need for emotional development and language skills is reviewed, good experiential backgrounds on which to base language, and an interest in reading. Although the learning of reading is highly individualized, it appears that preschool children can learn to read earlier. The parent is warned, however, that worry about a child's inability to learn to read may handicap a child, and in that case instruction is best left to the school. Trust, encouragement and interest are suggested. (For related documents, see PS 005 928 - 929.) (RG)

Language: English

Published: Bloomington, Indiana, Jun 1972

Abstract/Notes: This report presents three interpretive manuscripts on preschool reading instruction for three audiences: the school administrator, the school teacher, and the parent. "Preschool Reading Instruction: Information for the Administrator" discusses the origins of preschool reading instruction, reviews the research dealing with preschool reading instruction, and presents information necessary for installing a preschool reading program. Similarly, "Preschool Reading Instruction: Information for the Teacher" presents a review of the literature on preschool reading instruction, along with suggestions and materials for teaching preschool reading. "Preschool Reading Instruction: Information for the Parent" provides answers to questions parents ask about preschool reading instruction and suggests guidelines parents might follow in helping the preschool child before he learns to read. (Author)

Language: English

Published: Bloomington, Indiana, Jun 1972

Abstract/Notes: This research was aimed at an analysis of classroom activities which make up educational programs for young children. Its broad purpose was to analyze systematically and to make comparisons among six preschool programs in order to describe the patterns of activity settings used; the objectives activity settings were designed to reach from the point of view of their designers, classroom teachers; and the social behaviors of teachers and children which are shaped and molded by the requirements of settings and which have not necessarily been planned for or recognized by teachers. The six preschool settings used for the study include a Montessori nursery school, a Head Start program, two laboratory nursery school classrooms, a franchise day care center, and a community day care center. The first section of the report contains discussion of related research, a theoretical model, the six preschool classrooms, and the research procedures. The presentation of the results comprises the rest of the report. The findings are divided into three parts: a quantified picture of six classrooms in terms of activity characteristics and social interaction; an exploration of the relations between the activity and social interaction values; and an examination of the relationship of the personal characteristics of the children to activity participation and social interaction. (SDH)

Language: English

Published: Washington, D.C., 1973

Abstract/Notes: Schoggen's description of environmental force units (EFU), actions or constraints upon a child, was the focus of this study. Since those EFU's under investigation conflicted with the child's immediate intentions and desires, they are referred to as conflict EFU's. The study asks how specific characteristics of preschool settings affect the natural occurrence of environmental constraints and children's adaptations to them. A Montessori class, a University Nursery School and two Head Start classes comprised the observed settings. The classification scheme devised by Wolfson and Jackson was used to describe conflictual situations. Fourteen modes of adaption are discussed. Several variables were studied and the findings are extensively presented. The author concludes that despite the high occurrance of conflict EFU in the school environments studied, behavioral changes are effected gradually and temperately, which is in agreement with previous studies done by Fawls (1963) and Schoggen (1963). [Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Convention, Minneapolis, Minnesota, March 2-6, 1970]

Language: English

Published: Washington, D.C., Mar 1970