Abstract/Notes: In this article I focus on the impact of the Maria Montessori’s pedagogical method during the years of her work in South Asia (1939-1946; 1947-1949). The genesis of this research started in the late 1980s during the years of my fieldwork in Madras (today Chennai), when I was amazed to find a large number of “Montessori” schools in that city. Certainly, they were many more than in Italy, and in Rome itself, where Maria Montessori founded the first “House of Children” on the 6th January 1907. Thus, out of mere curiosity I started to enquire about the reasons of such “implantation”. Soon I came to know that Maria Montessori (1870-1952) and her son, Mario Montesano Montessori (1898-1982), from 1939 till 1949, spent almost ten years in India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. In all those countries they collaborated and interacted with local pedagogists, by also training hundreds of children and more than thousand students and teachers to the homonimous “Montessori” pedagogical method. India, after Italy, was also the country where Maria Montessori spent the longest period of her life. After relating to the major events of her personal life as well as her scientific and social engagements as psychiatrist, pedagogist, outspoken feminist and antifascist, I deal here with the adoption and adaptation of her pedagogical method in South Asia. Finally, I tackle the influence of the local educational systems and cultural practices on Maria Montessori herself and on her own method’s further development. Due to such a synergic encouter and interaction, today India is one of the most dynamic and prestigeous international centers for the “Montessori” pedagogical method teachers’ training.,Dans cet article, j’étudie en particulier l’impact de la méthode pédagogique de Maria Montessori durant ses années en Asie du Sud (1939-1946, 1947-1949). La genèse de cette recherche a débuté à la fin des années 1980, quand j’ai été étonnée de trouver à Madras (Chennai) un si grand nombre d’écoles Montessori au cours de mon long terrain dans cette ville. Certes, elles étaient beaucoup plus nombreuses que celles présentes en Italie, et plus qu’à Rome même, où Maria Montessori fonda la première Maison des Enfants le 6 janvier 1907. Ainsi, par simple curiosité, je commençai à m’enquérir des raisons d’une telle « implantation ». Bientôt, j’ai réalisé que Maria Montessori (1870-1952) et son fils, Mario Montesano Montessori (1898-1982), avaient de 1939 à 1949, séjourné près de dix ans en Inde, au Pakistan et au Sri Lanka. Dans tous ces pays, ils ont collaboré et interagi avec les pédagogues locaux, en formant également des centaines d’enfants et plus de mille élèves et enseignants à la méthode pédagogique « Montessori ». L’Inde, après l’Italie, était aussi le pays où Maria Montessori a passé la plus longue période de sa vie. Après avoir évoqué les grands événements de sa vie personnelle ainsi que ses engagements scientifiques et sociaux en tant que psychiatre, pédagogue, féministe et antifasciste, je traite ici de l’adoption et de l’adaptation de sa méthode pédagogique en Asie du Sud. Enfin, j’analyse l’influence des systèmes éducatifs locaux et des pratiques culturelles sur Maria Montessori elle-même et sur le développement ultérieur de sa propre méthode. Grâce à cette rencontre et à cette interaction synergiques, l’Inde est aujourd’hui l’un des centres internationaux les plus dynamiques et les plus prestigieux pratiquant la méthode pédagogique Montessori.

Language: French

Published: Paris, France: OpenEdition Books, 2018

ISBN: 978-2-7132-3154-4

Series: Purushartha

Abstract/Notes: En el presente trabajo se describen y comparan los niveles de adaptación, ansiedad y autoestima registrados en 72 alumnos de escuela tradicional y 65 de escuela Montessori de la ciudad de Puebla, de entre 9 y 12 años de edad. No habiendo encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las tres variables estudiadas entre estas dos escuelas, es dado concluir que tanto la adaptación, como la ansiedad y la autoestima son fenómenos determinados por una multiplicidad de factores tanto internos (inteligencia, personalidad, maduración, aptitudes, actitudes, entre otros.), como externos (familia, escuela, sociedad, cultura), que actúan interrelacionados. Así mismo se establecen las correlaciones existentes entre adaptación, ansiedad y autoestima. Se describen, además, los análisis factoriales aplicados a los tres instrumentos psicométricos utilizados en esta investigación, ya que dos fueron generados en España y otro en Estados Unidos de América. Se recomienda que, ante la escasez de instrumentos psicométricos construidos y validados en nuestro país, se promuevan investigaciones que tengan como fin la producción y difusión de tests en México, lo que permitirá realizar estudios confiables y válidos en el campo de la Psicología. [In this work, the levels of adaptation, anxiety and self-esteem registered in 72 students from a traditional school and 65 from a Montessori school in the city of Puebla, between 9 and 12 years of age, are described and compared. Not having found statistically significant differences in the three variables studied between these two schools, it is possible to conclude that both adaptation, anxiety and self-esteem are phenomena determined by a multiplicity of internal factors (intelligence, personality, maturation, aptitudes, attitudes , among others.), and external (family, school, society, culture), which act interrelated. Likewise, the existing correlations between adaptation, anxiety and self-esteem are established. The factor analyzes applied to the three psychometric instruments used in this research are also described, since two were generated in Spain and another in the United States of America. It is recommended that, given the shortage of psychometric instruments built and validated in our country, research is promoted aimed at the production and dissemination of tests in Mexico, which will allow reliable and valid studies in the field of Psychology.]

Language: Spanish

Published: Cholula, Mexico, 2010

Abstract/Notes: This paper aims to inquire about the pedagogy of María Montessori in Argentina from the point of view of the history of education. In order to achieve this goal, the historical sources analyzed were two of the most critical journals in the first half of the 20th century: El Monitor de la Educación Común and La Obra. The first was the official review of the National Education Council, which oversaw Argentinian primary education as a government organ. The second was driven by a group of teachers and was formerly known as the official representation of the New School in Argentina. This investigation looks for marks and hints on the reception among Argentinean teachers of this pedagogy, internationalized since the second decade of the 20th century, over these two journals. As the main contribution, we learn about different ways of appropriation of Montessori’s pedagogy as well as the critics of her proposal and its usage to discuss positions of power in the local pedagogy field.

Language: Spanish

DOI: 10.17227/pys.num58-17331

ISSN: 2500-6436, 0121-2494

Language: French

Published: Paris, France: Librairie Fischbacher, 1915

Language: German

ISSN: 0944-2537

Language: English

Language: English

ISSN: 1071-6246

Language: Spanish

ISSN: 0210-0630

Abstract/Notes: The purpose of the study was to investigate the views of Montessori preschool teachers on inclusive education in Montessori approach. The views of 18 participants were examined in this study. All participants were selected from Ankara and İstanbul and they were investigated by a semi-structured interview protocol that was developed by the researcher based on the literature review. The protocol contained questions in three major parts; these were demographic questions about participants, questions about views on inclusive education and questions about views on inclusive education in Montessori approach and its advantageous and disadvantageous for children with disabilities. Phenomenology design was employed in the study and purposive sampling was used to reach the participants. According to findings of content analysis, Montessori teachers stated that they did not find themselves adequately educated and experienced in inclusive education but a large part of them thought that inclusive education is good for development of both disabled and non-disabled students. On the other hand, Montessori teachers expressed that enabling children to be independent and to encourage them to make their own decisions are the most important point of Montessori understanding. However, when considered in terms of disabled students, most teachers indicated that such liberal environment could constitute disadvantages for such students. Teachers stated that an educational environment which is structured and where influence of the teacher is more intensive would be better in terms of education of the disabled child, particularly when working with students with severe disabilities or students with attention deficit or autism. / Bu çalışma, Montessori anaokullarında çalışan okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin bütünleştirme eğitimi ve Montessori yaklaşımında bütünleştirme uygulamaları hakkındaki görüşlerini anlamayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışma 18 katılımcıyı kapsamaktadır. Tüm katılımcılar Ankara ve İstanbul ilinde Montessori okullarında çalışan okul öncesi öğretmenleri arasından seçilmiş olup, görüşmeler araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile yapılmıştır. Görüşme formu üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde katılımcılar hakkındaki demografik bilgiler sorgulanırken, ikinci bölümde katılımcıların bütünleştirme eğitimi hakkındaki görüşleri ve son bölümde ise katılımcıların Montessori eğitimindeki bütünleştirme uygulamaları hakkındaki görüşleri sorgulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda nitel analiz yapılmış olup bulgulara göre Montessori öğretmenleri bütünleştirme eğitimi konusunda kendilerini yeterince eğitimli ve deneyimli bulmadıklarını belirtmiş, ancak bütünleştirme eğitiminin hem engelli hem de engelsiz öğrenciler için faydalı olduğunu düşündüklerini ifade etmiştir. Öte yandan, Montessori öğretmenleri Montessori eğitiminin çocuğun bağımsız bir birey olmasında önemli bir rol oynadığını ifade etmiş, çocukların kendi kararlarını vermelerini teşvik etmenin Montessori anlayışının en önemli noktaları olduğunu belirtmiştir. Ancak engelli öğrenciler açısından değerlendirildiğinde öğretmenlerin çoğu bu özgürlükçü ortamın engelli öğrenciler için dezavantajlar oluşturabileceğini söylemiştir. Öğretmenler, özellikle ağır engelli öğrenciler ya da dikkat dağınıklığı olan ya da otizmli öğrenciler ile çalışırken öğretmenin etkisinin daha yoğun olduğu, yapılandırılmış bir eğitim ortamının çocuğun eğitimi açısından daha iyi olacağını ifade etmiştir.

Language: English

Published: Ankara, Turkey, 2019

Language: Korean

Published: Seoul, South Korea, 2000