Language: Portuguese

Abstract/Notes: Dyskusje wokół wartości pedagogiki Marii Montessori w świetle współczesnych badań psychologicznych koncentrują się często na obszarze poznawczym czy też społecznym w rozwoju dziecka. Poniższy artykuł jest natomiast próbą znalezienia podobieństw w zakresie proponowanego wizerunku młodego człowieka ukształtowanego drogą określonych działań stymulujących w metodzie Montessori a koncepcji umysłu przyszłości Howarda Gardnera. Celem pedagogiki Montessori jest wychowanie człowieka potrafiącego zachować wolność i dyscyplinę wewnętrzną, myślącego niezależnie i krytycznie, odnoszącego się z szacunkiem do siebie i innych, dbającego o ład i harmonię w sobie i wokół siebie. Oddziaływania edukacji w myśl założeń H. Gardnera powinny rozwijać u młodego człowieka sposób funkcjonowania, który zapewni mu produktywne życie w pokojowej wspólnocie ludzi. Umysł człowieka odpowiadającego na potrzeby współczesności zawiera pięć istotnych elementów: myślenie kategoriami określonej dyscypliny wiedzy, zdolność do syntezy, zdolność do rozumienia innych ludzi, kreatywność oraz respektowanie zasad etycznych. Obie propozycje opierają się na interdyscyplinarnym myśleniu twórców, uwzględniającym aspekt antropologiczny, psychologiczny i edukacyjny w refleksji nad rozwojem człowieka. Obie również dotykają takich zagadnień jak dbanie o siebie i otoczenie (ekologia, współodczuwanie), kształcenie narzędzi myślenia w celu osiągnięcia jak największej niezależności w myśleniu, intencjonalne przygotowanie otoczenia promujące troskę o środowisko. W stylistyce opisu propozycji wychowania i edukacji odnaleźć można u obu twórców bogatą metaforykę ułatwiającą odbiorcy recepcję opisywanych idei. Wzywania i potrzeby globalnego świata stawiają kolejne pytania dotyczące optymalnej edukacji. Formułowanie odpowiedzi na te pytania jest procesem dynamicznym, dostarczającym wciąż nowych rozwiązań. [In the light of contemporary psychological research, discussions around the value of Maria Montessori's pedagogy often focus on the cognitive or social area of ​​a child's development. The following article is an attempt to find similarities in the proposed image of a young person shaped by specific stimulating activities in the Montessori method and Howard Gardner's concept of the future mind. The aim of Montessori pedagogy is to educate a person who can maintain freedom and internal discipline, think independently and critically, respect himself and others, care for order and harmony in and around himself. The impact of education, according to the assumptions of H. Gardner, should develop in a young person a way of functioning that will ensure a productive life in a peaceful community of people. The mind of a person responding to the needs of modern times contains five essential elements: thinking in terms of a specific discipline of knowledge, the ability to synthesize, the ability to understand other people, creativity and respect for ethical principles. Both proposals are based on the interdisciplinary thinking of the creators, taking into account the anthropological, psychological and educational aspects in reflection on human development. Both also touch upon issues such as taking care of oneself and the environment (ecology, compassion), shaping the tools of thinking in order to achieve the greatest possible independence in thinking, and intentional preparation of the environment promoting care for the environment. In the style of describing the upbringing and education proposals, both authors can find rich metaphors that make it easier for the recipient to receive the described ideas. The challenges and needs of the global world raise new questions about optimal education. Formulating answers to these questions is a dynamic process that constantly provides new solutions.]

Language: Polish

DOI: 10.14632/eetp_36.1

ISSN: 1896-2327, 2353-7787

Abstract/Notes: Maria Montessori (1870-1952) proposed her own type of educational program, which she called "scientific pedagogy" because of its distinctive features. Since her first experiment at the "Childrenu27s House" in 1907 in Italy, Montessori education has been practiced for almost a century in a variety of cultures. This paper will examine the characteristics of Montessori education in the light of current research. In addition to describing the academic basis of Montessori education, the paper also compares the education program with modern educational theories such those of Howard Gardner

Language: English

ISSN: 1346-1389

Language: English

Abstract/Notes: La presente ricerca, di impianto teorico, si prefigge lo scopo di indagare - all’interno della cornice teorica del problematicismo pedagogico - le connessioni tra due proposte educative che concorrono alla promozione dell’esercizio del pensiero complesso già nell’infanzia: il Metodo elaborato da Maria Montessori e la Philosophy for Children sviluppata da Matthew Lipman. Attingendo alla bibliografia scientifica di riferimento, sia nazionale sia internazionale, e a partire dalle connessioni individuate, si arrischiano sconfinamenti in saperi altri: sostando in ambiti di ricerche, apparentemente lontani, vengono interrogate le teorie dell’apprendimento, i rapporti con le tecnologie, fino al confronto con le interessanti conferme che emergono dalle recenti ricerche neuroscientifiche. La scelta dell’oggetto della ricerca nasce da una riflessione relativa all’emergere di fenomeni di negazione dell’infanzia e dei suoi diritti; ra gli altri, il diritto al pensiero. Sembra necessario richiamare alla responsabilità di accompagnare l’infanzia sulle strade della complessità nella cittadinanza GLocale. In questa direzione, le proposte educative prese in esame sembrano offrire, a partire dall’infanzia, modalità diversificate e divergenti delle esperienze di conoscere, sentire, comunicare alle quali poter attingere come bambini e bambine e nelle successive età della vita. Con il presente lavoro di ricerca, che mi ha vista impegnata in diverse forme per tre ricchi e intensi anni, ho tentato di mettere al centro della riflessione l’esercizio del pensiero che emerge come imprescindibile responsabilità educativa a cui i dispositivi propri del Metodo Montessori e della Philosophy for Children possono contribuire a corrispondere. [The research undertaken for this doctoral thesis - within the theoretical framework of pedagogical problematicism - explores the connections between two educational proposals that contribute to the promotion of the exercise of complex thought already since childhood: the Method elaborated by Maria Montessori and the Philosophy for Children developed by Matthew Lipman. With reference to the scientific bibliography, both national and international, this work matches Learning Theories, Studies on New Technologies and Practices in Education, comparing it with the interesting discoveries that emerge from recent neuroscientific research. It seems necessary to recall the responsibility of accompanying childhood on the roads of complexity in GLocal citizenship and, so, to offer children the tools and times for developing the capacity to think critically, to reason around events, and to undertake constructive relations with the environment and with others. With the present research, which has engaged me in different forms for three richly intense years, I have tried to centre my analysis on the exercise of thought as an indispensable educational responsibility to which the devices of the Montessori Method and of the Philosophy for Children can contribute.]

Language: Italian

Published: Bologna, Italy, 2018

Abstract/Notes: Objectivism, the libertarian philosophy established by Ayn Rand during the postwar years, has attracted a great deal of attention from philosophers, political scientists, economists, and English professors alike in recent years, but it hasn’t received much notice from historians with an interest in education. This article will address that problem by discussing how Rand and her followers established a philosophy of education during the 1960s and 1970s that was based, in part, on vilifying the so-called collectivist ideas of John Dewey and lionizing the so-called individualist ideas of Maria Montessori. Unfortunately, the narrative that emerged during this time seriously misrepresented the ideas of both Dewey and Montessori, resulting in a somewhat distorted view of both educators.

Language: English

DOI: 10.32316/hse/rhe.v25i1.4285

ISSN: 0843-5057, 1911-9674

Abstract/Notes: Abstrakt Dyskusje wokół wartości pedagogiki Marii Montessori w świetle współczesnych badań psychologicznych koncentrują się często na obszarze poznawczym czy też społecznym w rozwoju dziecka. Poniższy artykuł jest natomiast próbą znalezienia podobieństw w zakresie proponowanego wizerunku młodego człowieka ukształtowanego drogą określonych działań stymulujących w metodzie Montessori a koncepcji umysłu przyszłości Howarda Gardnera. Celem pedagogiki Montessori jest wychowanie człowieka potrafiącego zachować wolność i dyscyplinę wewnętrzną, myślącego niezależnie i krytycznie, odnoszącego się z szacunkiem do siebie i innych, dbającego o ład i harmonię w sobie i wokół siebie. Oddziaływania edukacji w myśl założeń H. Gardnera powinny rozwijać u młodego człowieka sposób funkcjonowania, który zapewni mu produktywne życie w pokojowej wspólnocie ludzi. Umysł człowieka odpowiadającego na potrzeby współczesności zawiera pięć istotnych elementów: myślenie kategoriami określonej dyscypliny wiedzy, zdolność do syntezy, zdolność do rozumienia innych ludzi, kreatywność oraz respektowanie zasad etycznych. Obie propozycje opierają się na interdyscyplinarnym myśleniu twórców, uwzględniającym aspekt antropologiczny, psychologiczny i edukacyjny w refleksji nad rozwojem człowieka. Obie również dotykają takich zagadnień jak dbanie o siebie i otoczenie (ekologia, współodczuwanie), kształcenie narzędzi myślenia w celu osiągnięcia jak największej niezależności w myśleniu, intencjonalne przygotowanie otoczenia promujące troskę o środowisko. W stylistyce opisu propozycji wychowania i edukacji odnaleźć można u obu twórców bogatą metaforykę ułatwiającą odbiorcy recepcję opisywanych idei. Wzywania i potrzeby globalnego świata stawiają kolejne pytania dotyczące optymalnej edukacji. Formułowanie odpowiedzi na te pytania jest procesem dynamicznym, dostarczającym wciąż nowych rozwiązań.

Language: English

DOI: 10.14632/eetp_36.1

ISSN: 1896-2327, 2353-7787

Abstract/Notes: The purpose of the paper is to present the philosophy of reform of education in Albania during the post-communist transition. Reforming education is a priority, but has been neglected by governments over the last 25 years. Over the last five years, the new curriculum and the new textbook system are being implemented according to the European standards. The core of reform is "have human beings learnt" (E. Ultarur, 2012). The constructivist philosophy of learning is a sure foundation that guarantees the new quality of the educational process. The Montessori's philosophy guarantees high quality and safety for the future because: First, this philosophy serves as a theoretical basis and serves as a method. Montessori has discovered the stages of natural development of the thinking human beings from childhood to adolescence, basing on scientific evidence, from childhood to adolescence. Secondly, Montessori’s constructivism moved the knowledge from the product into the process. Montessori illuminates the way of building human values during educational teaching process at school and in the community by the falling down of the classic wall that separates school from the community (public). Our research is based on the study of curricular experiences and on data from consultations with students, parents and specialists. The search method is holistic. By the holistic education the children need not only to develop academically, but to develop the ability as well in order to survive in the real world. The real world in our era is in front of the virtual world. In this contexts, we must teach children to learn not what?, but how? (How does it work/learn?). The teacher must learn his/her students how they construct the values by their immediate relationships with their friends and family as well as social development, health, and intellectual development.

Language: English

DOI: 10.21113/iir.v8i2.447

ISSN: 2365-8592, 2192-7081

Abstract/Notes: This comparative education article explores the purpose of education in the Indonesian context. My aim is to see if there are any differences between the purpose of education during the colonial era and present-day Indonesia. In order to do that, I draw mostly on the philosophy of Ki Hadjar Dewantara, who is regarded as the father of Indonesian education. This article is particularly relevant because the Indonesian government has recently started to critically re-examine two of the educational concepts proposed by Dewantara, which are "pendidikan karakter" (character education) and "merdeka belajar" (independent learning). In conceptualising education, Dewantara, who was influenced by Tagore, Montessori, and Fröbel, saw the importance of imparting local wisdom and values ignored by the colonial schools. Therefore, in this article, I will compare his educational views with the Dutch view of schooling during the colonial era. I will then look at Indonesia's current approach to education to find the similarities and differences of purpose relative to Dewantara's views of education. In this article, I argue that Dewantara's philosophy is still very much relevant today. I conclude that the Indonesian government should refer back to its history when defining education for its next generation.

Language: English

DOI: 10.7577/njcie.4156

ISSN: 2535-4051

Abstract/Notes: Through philosophical analysis of Montessori’s critiques of psychology, I aim to show the enduring relevance of those critiques. Maria Montessori sees experimental psychology as fundamental to philosophy and pedagogy, but she objects to the experimental psychology of her day in four ways: as disconnected from practice, as myopic, as based excessively on methods from physical sciences, and—most fundamentally—as offering detailed examinations of human beings (particularly children) under abnormal conditions. In place of these prevailing norms, Montessori suggests a model of the teacher-scientist in a specially prepared environment, who can engage in sustained and impassioned observation of “normalized” children. Drawing from a variety of texts and recently published lectures, this article lays out Montessori’s philosophy of experimental psychology and briefly discusses its relevance today.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1086/682395

ISSN: 2152-5188