Language: Swedish

ISSN: 1103-8101

Abstract/Notes: After Rome became the capital of Italy in 1871, prestigious scientists arrived at the University of Rome. One of these scholars was the pedagogical philosopher Luigi Credaro (1860-1939). He was one of the rare Italian students of Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) when he went to Leipzig and attended the Institute for Experimental Psychology in the academic year 1887-1888. There he also followed the pedagogical seminars and considered the usefulness of establishing sections of practical pedagogy in Italian magisterium schools, which were teacher-training institutions. In 1904, he founded in Rome the Scuola Pedagogica (Pedagogical School). Through the school, Credaro proposed the concept of a scientific pedagogy based on the application of the results of experimental sciences in the educational field. We can suppose that this approach influenced the first generation of Italian scholars interested in experimental psychology in Rome, in particular Sante De Sanctis (1862-1935) and Maria Montessori (1870-1952). The article thus considers the hypothesis of the formation of a so-called Roman school of psychology, which created in the field of pedagogy a ground on which to develop its research and applications. It should be noted that Credaro devoted himself to the potential applications of experimental psychology in the context of the modernization of the liberal states of the 20th century. Specifically, scientific pedagogy constituted a field of application and development for Roman psychology. At the end, the foundation of psychology in Rome was influenced by a particular version of the Wundtian psychology promoted by his pupil Credaro.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1037/hop0000219

ISSN: 1939-0610, 1093-4510

Language: English

ISSN: 0277-9064

Abstract/Notes: Argues children's natural drive to discover is intrinsic and that adults cannot instill it from the outside. Dispels common myths about child motivation and describes the optimal conditions for self-motivated learning. Provides examples of how the Montessori-prepared environment makes the most of children's inborn curiosity, interest, and wonder. (Author)

Language: English

ISSN: 1522-9734

Language: English

ISSN: 1522-9734

Language: English

Published: Cincinnati, Ohio, 2013

Abstract/Notes: Four experiments were designed to identify socioeconomic differences in preschool locus of control, develop a measurement technique for differentiating between internal and external locus of control in preschoolers, and study the effect of four kinds of preschool programs on locus of control. During the first experiment, the Stephens-Delys Reinforcement Contingency Interview (SDRCI) was developed to assess internal locus of control development in preschoolers. When used with 24 4-year-olds in a Head Start program, the measure was found to have rater and retest reliability; the race of the interviewer did not significantly affect scores. The second experiment indicated that the performance of 32 preschool boys on a mirror-tracing task was positively related to internal locus of control as measured by the SDRCI. In the third study, investigators tested 55 Head Start preschoolers and 50 middle-class nursery school children with the SDRCI. Lower internal control scores were found for the Head Start children than for the middle-class nursery school group; no differences were found between black and white Head Start groups. A final study of 114 children found a nonsignificant tendency for Montessori preschool experience (and to a lesser extent, parent cooperative nursery school experience) to increase internal control, as measured by the SDRCI, more than Head Start or a more structured compensatory preschool program. (Author/BRT)

Language: English

Published: West Lafayette, Indiana, Aug 1973

Language: German

Published: Münster, Germany: Lit, 2005

ISBN: 978-3-8258-8990-6

Series: Impulse der Reformpädagogik , 12

Language: French

Abstract/Notes: This bachelor thesis Motivation of parents to choose Montessori preschool education is divided in two parts-theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I described what is Montessori, who was Maria Montessori, how does Montessori look like now, what are the main principles of this education, how important is a role of a teacher and prepared environment and the end of this chapter was about a relationship between parents and education. The practical part was based on a questionnaire survey that was send among parents who have their children in Montessori kindergarten. The results show that parents choose Montessori especially because they sympathize with Montessori philosophy and it´s principles. For parents the most important were individual approach of teachers to children, kids learning responsibility and mutual respect.

Language: Czech

Published: Prague, Czechia, 2020