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Book
Twenty-Seven Major Elements in Dr. Maria Montessori's Philosophy and Practice
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Language: English
Published: [Corpus Christi, Texas]: The Lilliput Schoolhouse, 1963
Article
“The Ayn Rand School for Tots”: John Dewey, Maria Montessori, and Objectivist Educational Philosophy during the Postwar Years
Available from: Historical Studies in Education (Canada)
Publication: Historical Studies in Education/Revue d'histoire de l'éducation, vol. 25, no. 1
Date: 2013
John Dewey - Philosophy, Maria Montessori - Philosophy, Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Objectivism (Philosophy) - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Progressive education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Abstract/Notes: Objectivism, the libertarian philosophy established by Ayn Rand during the postwar years, has attracted a great deal of attention from philosophers, political scientists, economists, and English professors alike in recent years, but it hasn’t received much notice from historians with an interest in education. This article will address that problem by discussing how Rand and her followers established a philosophy of education during the 1960s and 1970s that was based, in part, on vilifying the so-called collectivist ideas of John Dewey and lionizing the so-called individualist ideas of Maria Montessori. Unfortunately, the narrative that emerged during this time seriously misrepresented the ideas of both Dewey and Montessori, resulting in a somewhat distorted view of both educators.
Language: English
DOI: 10.32316/hse/rhe.v25i1.4285
ISSN: 0843-5057, 1911-9674
Article
Maria Montessori’s Philosophy of Experimental Psychology
Available from: The University of Chicago Press Journals
Publication: HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science, vol. 5, no. 2
Date: 2015
Pages: 240-268
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Abstract/Notes: Through philosophical analysis of Montessori’s critiques of psychology, I aim to show the enduring relevance of those critiques. Maria Montessori sees experimental psychology as fundamental to philosophy and pedagogy, but she objects to the experimental psychology of her day in four ways: as disconnected from practice, as myopic, as based excessively on methods from physical sciences, and—most fundamentally—as offering detailed examinations of human beings (particularly children) under abnormal conditions. In place of these prevailing norms, Montessori suggests a model of the teacher-scientist in a specially prepared environment, who can engage in sustained and impassioned observation of “normalized” children. Drawing from a variety of texts and recently published lectures, this article lays out Montessori’s philosophy of experimental psychology and briefly discusses its relevance today.
Language: English
DOI: 10.1086/682395
ISSN: 2152-5188
Article
Teaching Nature: From Philosophy to Practice
Publication: NAMTA Journal, vol. 28, no. 1
Date: 2003
Pages: 207-218
North American Montessori Teachers' Association (NAMTA) - Periodicals
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Abstract/Notes: Examines educational resistance to nature study, focusing on the subtle resistance evident in the vicarious approach that limits nature study to books and videos, while ignoring the sensory richness and kinship developed through direct connection with the natural world. Suggests that environmental science, citizen education, inquiry learning, personal growth orientations, and social action can contribute to a more holistic and environmentally sensitive Montessori plan of study. (Author/KB)
Language: English
ISSN: 1522-9734
Article
Introduction of Philosophy for Children into the Montessori Curriculum
Available from: Montclair State University
Publication: Thinking: The Journal of Philosophy for Children, vol. 15, no. 1
Date: 2000
Pages: 22-29
Montessori method of education, Montessori schools, Philosophy for Children
Article
Preparing for Life: Montessori's Philosophy of Sensory Education
Publication: Montessori Life, vol. 5, no. 3
Date: 1993
Pages: 24–27
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Language: English
ISSN: 1054-0040
Article
The Development of Italian Educational Philosophy in the 20th Century
Available from: Springer Link
Publication: International Review of Education, vol. 4, no. 1
Date: 1958
Pages: 313-326
Europe, Italy, Southern Europe
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Abstract/Notes: In our brief historical outline of educational conditions in Italy, we have seen that by far the greatest efforts over the past fifty years have been devoted to clarifying the theoretical issues of educational problems. We have been examining philosophical Systems that pretended to afford an unshakeable foundation to educational theory and to answer every problem raised by educational practice. They have been scrutinized and found wanting. The new Government Syllabus (1955) for the Italian elementary schools is thoroughly Catholic in spirit, humanistic in content and progressive in method. The author of the present paper feels, however, that too much theorizing is still blinding Italian educators. The canker of Transcendental Idealism is still gnawing at the efforts of all too many, also Catholic, thinkers. The “active schools” need renewed fervour, cogent Stimulation, and enlightened Inspiration from an integral Catholic philosophy of life. We must stop philosophizing and get down to realizing: experimentation and co-operative effort are badly needed, not less than clear ideas. Not words but deeds! Idealism had thought of itself being the all-inclusive answer to every problem. We must repeat Hamlet's word to the die-hard Idealist: “There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy”.
Language: English
DOI: 10.1007/BF01423725
ISSN: 1573-0638, 0020-8566
Article
Beginning to Implement the Reggio Philosophy
Available from: JSTOR
Publication: Young Children, vol. 53, no. 5
Date: Sep 1998
Pages: 20-25
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Language: English
ISSN: 0044-0728
Article
The Moral Philosophy of Maria Montessori
Available from: Cambridge University Press
Publication: Journal of the American Philosophical Association, vol. 7, no. 2
Date: 2021
Pages: 133-154
Maria Montessori - Philosophy, Moral education
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Abstract/Notes: This paper lays out the moral theory of philosopher and educator Maria Montessori (1870–1952). Based on a moral epistemology wherein moral concepts are grounded in a well-cultivated moral sense, Montessori develops a threefold account of moral life. She starts with an account of character as an ideal of individual self-perfection through concentrated attention on effortful work. She shows how respect for others grows from and supplements individual character, and she further develops a notion of social solidarity that goes beyond cooperation toward shared agency. Partly because she attends to children's ethical lives, Montessori highlights how character, respect, and solidarity all appear first as prereflective, embodied orientations of agency. Full moral virtue takes up prereflective orientations reflectively and extends them through moral concepts. Overall, Montessori's ethic improves on features similar to some in Nietzschean, Kantian, Hegelian, or Aristotelian ethical theories while situating these within a developmental and perfectionist ethics.
Language: English
DOI: 10.1017/apa.2019.41
ISSN: 2053-4477, 2053-4485
Article
On Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s Philosophy of Education
Available from: Universitetsbiblioteket OsloMet
Publication: Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE), vol. 5, no. 2
Date: 2021
Pages: 65-78
Asia, Australasia, Indonesia, Ki Hajar Dewantara - Philosophy, Maria Montessori - Philosophy, Southeast Asia, Taman Siswa
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Abstract/Notes: This comparative education article explores the purpose of education in the Indonesian context. My aim is to see if there are any differences between the purpose of education during the colonial era and present-day Indonesia. In order to do that, I draw mostly on the philosophy of Ki Hadjar Dewantara, who is regarded as the father of Indonesian education. This article is particularly relevant because the Indonesian government has recently started to critically re-examine two of the educational concepts proposed by Dewantara, which are "pendidikan karakter" (character education) and "merdeka belajar" (independent learning). In conceptualising education, Dewantara, who was influenced by Tagore, Montessori, and Fröbel, saw the importance of imparting local wisdom and values ignored by the colonial schools. Therefore, in this article, I will compare his educational views with the Dutch view of schooling during the colonial era. I will then look at Indonesia's current approach to education to find the similarities and differences of purpose relative to Dewantara's views of education. In this article, I argue that Dewantara's philosophy is still very much relevant today. I conclude that the Indonesian government should refer back to its history when defining education for its next generation.
Language: English
DOI: 10.7577/njcie.4156
ISSN: 2535-4051