Abstract/Notes: C’est au cours de la fin du XIXe et de la première moitié du XXe siècle que s’est constituée en France une véritable psychologie du toucher, dont l’apport est souvent méconnu. L’intérêt pour ce sens généralement considéré comme mineur provient de deux sources, l’une d’origine éducative pratique et l’autre expérimentale et fondamentale. Sur le plan éducatif, les deux praticiens pionniers que furent Valentin Haüy et Louis Braille ont voulu faire accéder les enfants aveugles à l’instruction et la scolarisation. Ils ont donc recherché des procédés d’écriture en relief compatibles avec les propriétés fonctionnelles du toucher, propriétés qu’ils ont mises en partie en évidence. L’autre origine de ces études sur le toucher se trouve, grâce à Henri Piéron et à ses associés, dans le développement de la psychologie expérimentale et des méthodes de mesure psychophysique des sensations. La sensibilité cutanée et plus généralement somesthésique a fait l’objet au début du XXe siècle de différents travaux de laboratoire sur des adultes voyants, et ces travaux ont complété les recherches sur la vision et l’audition, bien plus nombreuses. Dans le présent article, nous décrivons l’apport de ces deux courants de recherche qui ont d’abord progressé indépendamment l’un de l’autre, puis qui ont fusionné en France à partir de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. [During the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, a psychology of touch emerged in France as a result of educational motivations and of the development of academic experimental psychology. Educational motivations concerned mainly two practitioners, Valentin Haüy and Louis Braille, who worked with blind people and informally searched for methods allowing blind children to be schooled and to read through raised-line alphabets adapted to the functional properties of touch. On the other hand, the development of experimental psychology and psychophysics led researchers (mainly Henri Piéron and his associates) to work on the analysis of cutaneous and somaesthetic sensations and perceptions of sighted adults. These two directions of research developed first independently in France until the end of the Second World War. By this time, they became associated and experimental research on the tactile modality was conducted both on blind and sighted children and adults. In the present article, we describe this evolution of the works on touch.]

Language: French

DOI: 10.4074/S0003503311004040

ISSN: 0003-5033

Language: Polish

ISSN: 1233-3514

Abstract/Notes: The modern world requires a new mindset for people to enable them to become self-evaluating human beings. Kegan (1994) termed this complex system of mind the self-authorship. This is the ability to generate belief systems and intrapersonal states internally. The self-authorship analyses are culturally diverse. This paper presents two theories, namely the concept of self-authorship by Baxter Magolda (1998, 2001) and Obuchowski’s (2000, 2006) theory of self-authoring personality. The latter remains a framework of the description of central psychosocial attributes for the self-authoring personality of Montessori School graduates. The self-authoring studies of diagnostic character aimed at qualification of the authoring personality standard as well as subjective denotations of authoring attributes of the Montessori School graduates. The study covered 69 former students (56.5% women, 43.5% men) of the state Primary Montessori School in Lublin. The self-authoring personality standard was qualified using The Self-Authoring Personality Questionnaire elaborated by Obuchowski and colleagues (Blachnio & Obuchowski, 2011). The personal denotations conferred on authoring attributes were examined by means of the questionnaire My Experiences based on the adaptation of Self-Confrontation Method by Hermans (1991). The level of self-authoring personality in female and male groups was high and characterised by similar values. In the personal statements the persons being examined described themselves as those who perceive themselves as a source of behaviour and the own aims were object of their projects designed for accomplishment in relation with the other people. As follows from the data, the participants of the study acquired skills indispensable for making individual decisions about themselves and the outer world.

Language: Polish

DOI: 10.31338/2657-6007.KP.2022-2.5

ISSN: 0023-5938, 2657-6007

Abstract/Notes: The article presents the philosophies of John Amos Comenius, Immanuel Kant and Maria Montessori. It focuses on problem areas that are particularly inspiring for modern thinking about peace and education for peace and points out a broad definition of peace provided by each of the above philosophers. Their theories go far beyond identifying peace with the absence of war and they consider peace to be a process that requires building and strengthening as well as the participation of all people, not only politicians. From this perspective, peace building becomes an important educational task. The basic goal is to ensure that individuals have the feeling of authorship and responsibility for peaceful coexistence among people. Only a combination of peace-reinforcing political initiatives with daily activities supported by education and aimed at promoting peace provides real chances to make the world a better place.

Language: Polish

ISSN: 0023-5938, 2657-6007

Language: French

ISSN: 1233-3514

Abstract/Notes: This research was conducted to determine whether there is any effect of the Montessori approach-based STEM activities on the development of the problem-solving skills of pre-service preschool teachers or not. The mixed-method was employed in the research. The sample of the research consisted of 50 pre-service teachers, who were taking education in the Preschool Teacher Training Department of the Faculty of Education. A single grouped pretest-posttest pattern was created to determine the difference in the problem-solving skills of the pre-service teachers in the research. The quantitative data gathered during the process of the research were analysed with the statistical methods; the qualitative data were analysed with the content analysis. The “Problem Solving Scale” and the “Semi-structured Protocol Form” were used to collect the quantitative data in the research. Qualitative data prepared to support quantitative data consists of the open-ended semi-structured protocol form. The participants were educated with the Montessori approach-based STEM education for 14 weeks. In the results reached as a result of the research, it was observed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of problem-solving skills and the qualitative analysis results supported the quantitative results.

Language: English

DOI: 10.30831/akukeg.824773

ISSN: 1308-1659

Abstract/Notes: Montessori pedagógiáját a kutatók nevezik fejlesztő vagy fejlődéspedagógiának. Magyarországon az utóbbi évtizedben a pedagógiai gyakorlatban fejlesztő pedagógiaként jelenítik meg. Mária Montessori módszerét fejlesztő pedagógiai módszernek tekinthetjük, mert sajátos nevelési szükségletű gyermekek fejlesztésére is alkalmas. Pedagógiai munkáját értelmi fogyatékos gyermekek körében kezdte el. A konduktív módszer a fejlesztés speciális komplex pedagógia módszerének tekinthető, mert a tervezésben és a megvalósításban sajátos nevelési szükségletet és a speciális nevelési igényeket veszi figyelembe. A Montessori fejlesztés a konduktív nevelés gyakorlatában nem fordult elő. A kutatással a Montessori módszer alkalmazását szélesíteni kívántuk a gyógy- és fejlesztő pedagógia gyakorlatában. Igazolni kívántuk a két orvos-pedagógus holisztikus szemléletéből adódó hasonlóságot és különbséget. Pető holisztikus szemléletével magyarázható, hogy az érzékelés, észlelés, beszéd, mozgás és kommunikáció zavarát okozó állapot befolyásolását nem a különböző helyen és időben dolgozó szakemberekre bízta. A Montessori konduktív nevelési gyakorlatot 2000-2003, 2007-2008 tanévben kísérleti céllal vezettük be a konduktor hallgatók főiskolai képzésével összhangban. A program kidolgozásának a célja volt, hogy a két módszer elemeinek alkalmazását, összehangolt működését a gyakorlatban igazoljuk. [Montessori’s pedagogy is called developmental or developmental pedagogy by researchers. In Hungary, it has been portrayed as a developmental pedagogy in pedagogical practice in the last decade. Maria Montessori's method can be considered a pedagogical method, because it is also suitable for the development of children with special educational needs. He began his pedagogical work among children with intellectual disabilities. The conductive method can be considered as a special complex pedagogy method of development, because it takes into account special educational needs and special educational needs in the planning and implementation. Montessori development has not occurred in the practice of conductive education. The aim of the research was to broaden the application of the Montessori method in the practice of therapeutic and developmental pedagogy. We wanted to demonstrate the similarities and differences arising from the holistic approach of the two physician-educators. Pető's holistic approach can be explained by the fact that he did not entrust the influence of the disturbance of perception, perception, speech, movement and communication to professionals working in different places and times. The Montessori conductive education practice was introduced on an experimental basis in the 2000-2003 and 2007-2008 school years in accordance with the college training of conductor students. The aim of the development of the program was to prove the application and coordinated operation of the elements of the two methods in practice.]

Language: Hungarian

DOI: 10.18458/KB.2018.3.11

ISSN: 2498-5368

Abstract/Notes: This study presents the decisive pedagogy of two Marias: Dr. Montessori and Dr. Hári. Dr. Montessori was the first woman in Italy who received a medical degree and it was many years later when she did pedagogical studies as well. Dr. Hári was a young medical student when she started to work with Professor Pető who had laid down the basics of Conductive Education. Dr. Montessori and Dr. Hári had a lot in common: not just their profession was the same but thanks to their hard work both pedagogy became famous internationally. Through their personality, the reader will have a glance into their educational methods as well. The topic is relevant because both educational systems make it possible for people with disabilities to integrate into society and live meaningful lives. [ This study presents the decisive pedagogy of two Marias: Dr. Montessori and Dr. Hári. Dr. Montessori was the first woman in Italy who received a medical degree and it was many years later when she did pedagogical studies as well. Dr. Hári was a young medical student when she started to work with Professor Pető who had laid down the basics of Conductive Education. Dr. Montessori and Dr. Hári had a lot in common: not just their profession was the same but thanks to their hard work both pedagogy became famous internationally. Through their personality, the reader will have a glance into their educational methods as well. The topic is relevant because both educational systems make it possible for people with disabilities to integrate into society and live meaningful lives.]

Language: Hungarian

DOI: 10.18458/KB.2016.4.35

ISSN: 2498-5368

Abstract/Notes: Na aanleiding van die artikel “Die invloed van die New Age-beweging op die onderwysagenda van die toekoms” deur Lien van Niekerk en Corinne Meier van die Departement Historiese Opvoedkunde van Unisa (vgl. Koers, 59 (1) 1994:69-84) wil ek graag ’n ander sy van Montessori-skole onder die aandag van Koers lesers bring. [Following the article "The influence of the New Age movement on the education agenda of the future" by Lien van Niekerk and Corinne Meier from the Department of Historical Education of Unisa (cf. Koers, 59 (1) 1994:69-84) I would like to bring another side of Montessori schools to the attention of Koers readers.]

Language: Afrikaans

DOI: 10.4102/koers.v60i1.625

ISSN: 0023-270X, 2304-8557