Language: English

Language: English

Language: English

Published: London: Montessori Society, 1914

Language: English

Language: English

Language: English

Abstract/Notes: È noto quanto Maria Montessori fosse esigente nei confronti del maestro. In questo articolo si presenta la sua visione delle caratteristiche che devono animare il «nuovo Maestro» per consentire «al bambino nuovo» di potersi sviluppare in modo armonioso ed equilibrato. Dato che la peculiarità della pedagogia montessoriana è cambiare la modalità relazionale tra l’adulto e il bambino, sono messi in risalto alcuni aspetti concreti e universali condivisibili da tutti gli insegnanti. Questi possono essere applicati ovunque e possono anche facilitare la didattica, anche senza applicare tutto il Metodo Montessori, giacché l’autoeducazione del bambino è legata all’autodisciplina dell’adulto. Per formare i maestri Maria Montessori aveva scelto di organizzare i Corsi internazionali di formazione che duravano diversi mesi. Per chiarire gli elementi essenziali, vengono studiate le conferenze riguardo al nuovo maestro pronunciate durante questi corsi. Da esse vengono ricavati i tre livelli di formazione: materiale, scientifica e spirituale. Alcuni aspetti imprescindibili vengono più approfonditi, quali lo spogliarsi dei preconcetti, il cambiare le attitudini morali e l’essere un’osservatore gioioso, aspetti che la Montessori considerava essenziali per risolvere il problema dell’educazione. Basandosi anche su alcuni racconti di allieve, sono proposte alcune modalità scelte da Hélène Lubienska de Lenval durante il suo Cours Pédagogique, e sono presentate alcune scelte pedagogiche di Adele Costa Gnocchi, che aprirà la Scuola Assistenti all’Infanzia dove saranno approfondite le intuizioni della Montessori per il bambino piccolo fino a tre anni. / Es conocido lo exigente que Maria Montessori ha sido en relación a los maestros. En este artículo se presenta su visión de las características que debería poseer el “nuevo maestro” para permitir al “nuevo niño” desarrollarse de manera armoniosa y equilibrada. Considerando que la finalidad de la pedagogía montessoriana es cambiar la modalidad de interacción entre el adulto y el niño, se pueden destacar algunos aspectos concretos y universales que puedan compartir por todos los maestros. Sin necesidad de aplicar completamente el Método Montessori, estos elementos pueden ser útiles en todo tipo de circunstancia y facilitar la didáctica, puesto che la autoeducación del niño depende de la autodisciplina del adulto. Para formar a los maestros, Maria Montessori decidió organizar los cursos internacionales de formación con una duración de varios meses. Para aclarar los aspectos esenciales, en este artículo se toman en consideración las conferencias relativas al “nuevo maestro” que se pronunciaron en estos cursos. A partir de ellas se pueden derivar los tres niveles de formación: material, científica y espiritual. Se profundiza sobre algunos aspectos fundamentales como liberarse de los prejuicios, cambiar la actitud moral y ser un alegre y atento observador, aspectos que Maria Montessori consideraba primordiales para resolver el problema de la educación. Basándose en algunos relatos de sus alumnas, también se exponen algunas modalidades adoptadas por Hélène Lubienska de Lenval presentadas durante su Cours Pédagogique y además se presentan algunas opciones pedagógicas de Adele Costa Gnocchi, que abrirá la Escuela de Asistentes de la Infancia donde se estudiará a profundidad la visión de Maria Montessori para el niño pequeño, hasta los tres años de edad. / It is well known how much Maria Montessori demanded of teachers. This article presents her vision of the characteristics which should animate the “new teacher” in order to allow the development of the “new child” in a harmonious and balanced manner. Given that the goal of the Montessori pedagogy is to change the manner of relating between adult and child, some concrete and universal characteristics are highlighted which are common to all teachers. Even without applying the entire Montessori methodology, these elements can be useful in all circumstances and can facilitate teaching, given that the self education of the child is linked to the self discipline of the adult. To train teachers, Maria Montessori chose to organize international training courses lasting several months. To clarify the essential elements, the conferences regarding the topic of the new teacher during these training courses are presented here. These elements are divided into three levels of training: the material level, the scientific level, and the spiritual level. Some essential aspects are covered in depth, such as the denuding of preconceptions; changing of moral attitudes; being a joyful observer; all approaches that Maria Montessori considered essential to solve the problem of education. Finally, on the basis of stories of students, there are presented some methods chosen by Helene Lubienska de Lenval taken from her Cours Pedagogique, and some pedagogical methods taken from Adele Costa Gnocchi, who will open the Scuola Assistenti all’Infanzia, where they will delve deeper into Montessori insights regarding the small child up to three years of age.

Language: Italian

ISSN: 2255-0666

Language: English

Abstract/Notes: "Yesterday the Dottoressa Maria Montessori held the first conference with her pupils in America. It was at the Children's House, 520 East Seventy-seventh Street. The Children's House is one of the thirty Montessori schools which have sprung up in New York during the last three years. The conference was impressive. The great Italian teacher greeted her pupils, her disciples , if you like, with delight and apparent amazement at the development of her work in New York. "This beautiful house of the children!" She cried. "You have so much here; in Italy we cannot give the children all this, we have it not to give, but little is much when children are free." Her work is growing fast in Italy. In the districts which have been devastated by the earthquakes twelve schools have been established. "I have now developed a method of educating children from five to ten years old. By it they learn reading, writing, arithmetic very easily - but especially nature, science, the languages. Then they are ready to enter the high schools, I believe you call it. Two years are saved in the school life of every child. My elementary methods have been put into sixteen schools in Italy. Signorini Maccheroni is training teachers and opening our schools in Spain." Miss Anne E. George, who introduced Dr. Montessori's work into this community, asked how Montessori teachers in the United States could learn the methods for older pupils. "Signorina Fidele might come here and supervise the elementary classes which you form." "But you, Dottoressa," exclaimed Margaret Naumberg, "why won't you stay and help us?" Dr. Montessori didn't say she would, but I noticed particularly that she didn't say she wouldn't. She is now on her way to California, where she will give a four months' course in Montessori methods in Los Angeles and San Diego. Her latest book, describing her work with older children, will be published in the fall. "Now, that is all my news, and I want to hear what you are doing. I want always to keep in close touch with you and with your work. Tell me what you are doing." Mrs. A. Reno Margulies, of 534 West 187th Street, told of her work with deaf and backward children. Miss George spoke of hers. "Ah," said Dr. Montessori, "but are you not working with the children of the well-to-do? Tell me what you are doing for the children of the poor." Miss Zoé Bateman, secretary of the Montessori Association, explained that the Children's House in which the conference was held was a free school, supported by contributions. "It is very hard to get the work taken up by the public schools," said Margaret Naumberg. "We have just secured permission to establish a class in Public School 4. It was only possible because of the enthusiasm of the principal, Simon Hirsdansky, for Dr. Montessori's work. "Until the work is developed by the Board of Education it cannot be carried very far among the poor, for teachers must live as well as teach." "It is easier to teach the children of the poor," said Dr. Montessori. "They are more eager to learn." "Oh, no" cried her pupils in chorus, "The children who have better homes, better food and better care learn much faster than the poorer children." "I had a group of poor children last winter, and a group of well-to-do children this winter," said Margaret Naumberg, "and the latter learned in six weeks more than the former learned in a year.""

Language: English

ISSN: 1941-0646

Language: Dutch