Abstract/Notes: This is a dissertation by Angelika Hanisch (University of Beyrouth, Germany, 2012) in which she translates Montessori's 'Antropologia Pedagogica' from Italian to German and provides commentary on the text.

Language: German

Published: Bayreuth, Germany, 2012

Abstract/Notes: La etapa de Montessori en la India fue uno de los periodos más enriquecedores en la vida de Maria Montessori. Allí escribió y publicó La Mente Absorbente del niño, y una serie de libros fundamentales. En su obra La educación de las potencialidades humanas desarrolló los principios de la “Educación Cósmica” que adaptó para el currículo de Primaria. Invitada en 1939 a dar unas conferencias en la India por el Presidente de la Sociedad Teosófica, Montessori y su hijo, se vieron atrapados por el estallido de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y su posterior desarrollo. Tenía 69 años cuando llegó a Madrás. Permaneció diez años. Pero nada sería igual que antes. Había una Montessori antes de la India, y otra mucho más profunda después. Cuando regresaba a Europa declaró, a los que le preguntaban qué había hecho en la India: “creo que he aprendido a aprender, como el Niño”. [The decade Maria Montessori spent in India was one of the most enriching periods of her life. During that phase, she wrote and published The Absorbent Mind of the Child, as well as a number of fundamental books in her career. In The Education of Human Potentialities, she developed the principles of the “Cosmic Education”, a curriculum which she adapted for elementary students. Invited in 1939 to give lectures by the president of the Theosophical Society, Maria Montessori and her son were trapped by the outbreak of World War II and its subsequent development. She was 69 when she arrived to Madras. She stayed ten years. There was a Maria Montessori before India, and a much deeper one later. When she returned to Europe, when asked what she had done in India, she declared, “I think I’ve learned how to learn, as if I were a Child”.]

Language: Spanish

DOI: 10.15517/rehmlac.v7i2.22697

ISSN: 1659-4223

Abstract/Notes: This reflection paper is the result of an analytical exercise around the experiences of Maria Montessori as a scholar and feminist woman between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Following a chronological order —not necessarily linear— of the most significant historical aspects analyzed in the light of different sources of study (conferences, books, research, articles, among others), it is intended to highlight the particular influence of the pedagogical elaborations of a woman in the educational field; a woman who lived in a time when social and cultural reality only valued the female role as a homemaker and denied their value in science, still, she manages to venture into the academic and research territory. I present comments and reflections of this excursus aiming to restore, to a certain extent, the philosophical dignity of the renowned pedagogue, that is, the vindication of her thought beyond the Method application perspective. The emphasis is on examining the pedagogical work of Maria Montessori under a lens that amplifies the reflection of a life characterized by a properly feminine and feminist style in an Italy that, galloping between the old and the new century, saw the birth of a New emancipated Woman, able to confront the positivism of the macho monopoly of her time. Consequently, this philosopher, anthropologist, doctor, pedagogue and feminist —with the help of an important participation of women who marked her history— establishes a complete educational revolution in Italy, and later international impact.

Language: Spanish

DOI: 10.17227/pys.num58-17244

ISSN: 2500-6436, 0121-2494

Language: Italian

ISSN: 0033-9571, 1724-1871

Abstract/Notes: The introduction of complex mathematical concepts through perceptual and sensorial hands-on experiences is one of the most relevant aspects of the Montessori method proposal. This article aims to investigate the origins of the Montessori’s profound interest for mathematics, studying the history of the education of mathematics, after the unification of Italy, in which her school education took place. Her key concepts and beliefs about the learning of mathematics and, furthermore, the evolution of her proposal will be illustrated through the analysis of her main publications, both the generalist and the specialized ones in the field of mathematics (Psicoaritmetica and Psicogeometria), and handwritten notes about the lessons of XVI° international course, held in Rome in 1931, which the Opera Nazionale Montessori acquired from her students’ archives. Finally, an overview of the actualization of the Montessori method in the contemporary research will be explained, particularly focusing on the neuroscientific discoveries which have proved the effectiveness of the Montessori proposal to empower the cognitive processes involved in the development of mathematical thinking.

Language: Italian

DOI: 10.36253/rse-10375

ISSN: 2532-2818

Language: Italian

ISSN: 0042-7241

Abstract/Notes: In the 19th century the references concerning the education in the early years of infants took 2 different orientations. One uses an “educational mother” as the model. Between the love and limits that she offers her child, she brings a moral education. In the other reference, the educator, very respectful to the dynamic of the child, intervenes as little as possible. The objective is that he conquers autonomy and learns a sense of responsibilities. Two educated women are representative of these 2 tendencies: On one hand Pauline Kergomard (preschool inspector 1838–1925), author of “the motherly education at school”, in her teaching to school principals, presents as a reference the “comprehensive and devoted mother” taking care of the physical intellectual and moral development of children. In this case she represents more the dimension of “care”. On the other hand, Maria Montessori, (Italian pedagogue, 1870-1952) author of "scientific education”, is going to impute little by little her ideas based on the fact that the child has the necessary qualities to grow on his/her own. So according to the educator with just creating a high-quality environment in order to enable the child to find the extract to grow up and be the autor of their own evolution. We consider her to represent the concept of education, resulting from a method. We have presented the essence of both authors convictions. Alter restoring them in their context, we will confront them to see in what degree these methods are opposed or not, in the sense of seeing how they complete and intervene with each other. Our idea is to make use of the analysis of both orientations and develop to what point care is indispensable to the quality and the education of child and more over at the present time. Au XIXe siècle les références concernant l’éducation de la petite enfance ont pris deux orientations différentes. L’une donne comme modèle la mère éducatrice. Dans l’autre référence, l’éducatrice très respectueuse de la dynamique de l’enfant, intervient le moins possible. Deux femmes pédagogues sont représentatives de ces courants : D’une part, Pauline Kergomard (inspectrice des écoles maternelles, 1838-1925) auteur de « L’éducation maternelle à l’école » présente comme référence « la mère intelligente et dévouée » ; elle représente plutôt la dimension « soin ». D’autre part, Maria Montessori (pédagogue italienne,1870-1952) auteur de « La pédagogie scientifique » va peu à peu imposer ses idées basées sur le fait que l’enfant possède les qualités nécessaires pour grandir par lui-même. Nous la considérons comme représentant le concept d’éducation fruit d’une méthode. Notre propos est de nous servir de l’analyse de ces deux orientations pour dévoiler combien les soins sont indispensables à la qualité de l’éducation même.

Language: French

ISSN: 1283-8594

Abstract/Notes: Dieses Buch beinhaltet eine wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung der Reformpädagogik Emmi Piklers und Maria Montessoris im Bereich des freien Spiels. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, die von Emmi Pikler und Maria Montessori entwickelten Richtlinien einer optimalen Erziehung darzustellen, miteinander zu vergleichen und anhand wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen zu beurteilen. Die grundlegende Frage ist, auf welche Details Eltern und Erzieher im kindlichen freien Spiel achten müssen, um eine ideale Entwicklung des Kindes ermöglichen zu können und welche Vorteile eine solche Erziehung für das Kind bringen kann. Anhand der Methode einer Inhaltsanalyse wird versucht, die entsprechenden Konzepte zur Darstellung der pädagogischen Annahmen einzubringen. Desweiteren wird über die Parallelen und Unterschiede in den erzieherischen Theorien Piklers und Montessoris diskutiert. Bei jenen Annahmen, in denen Pikler und Montessori differenzierte Ansichten vertreten, sollen wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zeigen, welche Theorie tatsächlich im Interesse des Kindes ist. Anhand mehrerer empirischen Studien werden die Konzepte der beiden Pädagoginnen verglichen und beurteilt. Anhand eines Literaturreviews werden die sechs Studien und ihre Forschungsergebnisse zusammengefasst. Der Leser erhält dadurch einen Überblick über Art und Vorgehensweise der Untersuchung was die Interpretation der Ergebnisse nachvollziehbar macht. Weiter bietet das Buch einen Überblick über Gestaltung und Organisation von Pikler- beziehungsweise Montessorispielgruppen, das freie Spiel aus Entwicklungspsychologischer Sicht und biographischen Angaben der beiden Reformpädagoginnen. [This book contains a scientific examination of Emmi Pikler's and Maria Montessori's reform pedagogy in the area of ​​free play. The aim of the study is to present the guidelines for optimal upbringing developed by Emmi Pikler and Maria Montessori, to compare them and to assess them on the basis of scientific studies. The basic question is which details parents and educators have to pay attention to in children's free play in order to enable ideal development of the child and what advantages such an upbringing can bring to the child. Using the method of content analysis, an attempt is made to introduce the appropriate concepts for the presentation of the pedagogical assumptions. Furthermore, the parallels and differences in the educational theories of Pikler and Montessori are discussed. In the case of those assumptions in which Pikler and Montessori represent differentiated views, scientific studies should show which theory is actually in the interest of the child. Based on several empirical studies, the concepts of the two teachers are compared and evaluated. The six studies and their research results are summarized using a literature review. This gives the reader an overview of the type and procedure of the investigation, which makes the interpretation of the results comprehensible. The book also offers an overview of the design and organization of Pikler and Montessori play groups, free play from a developmental psychological point of view and biographical information from the two reform educators.]

Language: German

Published: Salzburg, Austria, 2008

Language: Italian

DOI: 10.4454/rse.v6i2.221

ISSN: 2532-2818

Language: German

Published: Würzburg, Germany: Ergon, 1996

ISBN: 3-928034-90-1