Abstract/Notes: Research from the past 40 years indicates that African American students are subjected to exclusionary discipline, including suspension and expulsion, at rates two to three times higher than their White peers (Children’s Defense Fund, 1975; Skiba, Michael, Nardo, & Peterson, 2002). Although this phenomenon has been studied extensively in traditional public schools, rates of racially disproportionate discipline in public Montessori schools have not been examined. The purpose of this study is to examine racial discipline disproportionality in Montessori public elementary schools as compared to traditional elementary schools. The Relative Rate Index (RRI) is used as a measure of racially disproportionate use of out-of-school suspensions (Tobin & Vincent, 2011). Suspension data from the Office of Civil Rights Data Collection was used to generate RRIs for Montessori and traditional elementary schools in a large urban district in the Southeast. While statistically significant levels of racial discipline disproportionality are found in both the Montessori and traditional schools, the effect is substantially less pronounced in Montessori settings. These findings suggest that Montessori schools are not immune to racially disproportionate discipline and should work to incorporate more culturally responsive classroom management techniques. Conversely, the lower levels of racially disproportionate discipline in the Montessori schools suggests that further study of discipline in Montessori environments may provide lessons for traditional schools to promote equitable discipline.

Language: English

DOI: 10.17161/jomr.v1i1.4941

ISSN: 2378-3923

Abstract/Notes: The aim of research was a comparative study of preschool educational approaches. In this research, the components of goals, content, teaching method, educational atmosphere and evaluation in romantic, humanistic, Montessori, Waldorf and Reggio Emilia approaches have been compared. The method of data collection and analysis were documentary and Bereday’s four-step approach respectively. In dimension of goals, all approaches emphasize the enrichment of the child's imagination through the senses. In the activities dimension, all approaches emphasize the learning process. Montessori and Reggio Emilia's approach, more than other approaches, design activities in a more problem-oriented manner. In the Montessori, Reggio Emilia and Waldorf approaches emphasized the question-and-answer method and indirect transmission of material to the child. In particular, the Reggio Emilia and Waldorf approaches have made the learning method the basis of child-teacher interaction, and teaching means the process of helping children learn research. In the dimension of educational atmosphere, human interaction with the environment - through the senses - is the basis of education in all approaches. In the evaluation dimension - with the exception of the Montessori approach which focuses on the extent to which predetermined goals are achieved-, other approaches do not emphasize learning standards and the evaluation is not done in the traditional way. Iranian curriculum planners are encouraged to use the findings of the present study to develop a suitable approach for early childhood education

Language: English

ISSN: 2588-7270

Language: English

ISSN: 0010-700X

Language: English

ISSN: 0519-0959

Abstract/Notes: How to combine experience and learning in a school or a university? How do new pedagogies get created? Who creates them, and why? The history of education is full of creative educators who integrated experience and education in new ways. By comparing a few of these cases it is possible to uncover some underlying characteristics of this practice. This is the goal of this study: to identify common, fundamental elements in the practice of integrating experience and education that transcend any particular pedagogy. The study selects six cases: three historical educators of children: John Dewey (U.S.), Maria Montessori (Italy), and Rabindranath Tagore (India); and three contemporary educators of managers and leaders: Ronald Heifetz (U.S.), Marshall Ganz (U.S.), and Henry Mintzberg (Canada). The data is collected from archival sources, direct observation and interviews. It focuses on their pedagogical creations and some biographical facts. Following a constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2006) the collected data is re-selected, coded, and organized according to common categories.A set of principles and practices on how to integrate experience and education emerged from this study. First: the sources of educative experiences: connecting with nature, service to society, community life, personal relationships, and discovering oneself. Second: the principles of educative experiences: educating for and in the present; embracing real life in real context; integrating content, method, and practice; educating in the 'whole game;' and combining head, heart, and hands. Third: the attributes of experiential learners: doing first, courageous, explorer, appreciative, reflective, and autonomous. And fourth: the tasks of creating pedagogies: designing learning experiences, establishing a laboratory of pedagogy, integrating everything into a culture, training other educators, leading a pedagogical movement, and writing about pedagogy and education. The findings contribute to the literature on experience and education by offering a set of principles and practices about pedagogical creation and development. These can help educators, schools, and universities to promote pedagogical innovation. Business schools can also use these findings to foster pedagogical experimentation and help bring their teaching methods closer to the actual practice of managers and leaders. / Comment allier l'expérience et l'apprentissage dans une école ou une université? Comment les nouvelles pédagogies voient-elles le jour? Qui les crée et pourquoi? L'histoire de l'éducation est riche de pédagogues créatifs qui intègrent l'expérience et l'éducation de façon créative. La comparaison de quelques cas permet de révéler des caractéristiques sous-jacentes de cette pratique. L'objectif de la présente étude est de recenser les éléments communs et fondamentaux de la pratique d'intégration de l'expérience et de l'éducation qui transcendent toute pédagogie. L'étude porte sur six cas : trois pédagogues historiques centrés sur l'enfant : John Dewey (É.-U.), Maria Montessori (Italie) et Rabindranath Tagore (Inde); et trois pédagogues contemporains en gestion et en leadership : Ronald Heifetz (É.-U.), Marshall Ganz (É.-U.) et Henry Mintzberg (Canada). Les données proviennent de sources d'archives, d'observation directe et d'entrevues. L'accent est mis sur la création pédagogique et sur des données biographiques. Suivant une approche de la théorisation ancrée constructiviste (Charmaz, 2006), les données recueillies sont sélectionnées de nouveau, codées et classées en catégories communes.Un ensemble de principes et de pratiques sur la façon d'intégrer l'expérience et l'éducation est ressorti de la présente étude. Premièrement, les sources des expériences éducatives : le lien avec la nature, le service à la société, la vie communautaire, les relations personnelles et la découverte de soi. Deuxièmement, les principes des expériences éducatives : l'éducation pour le présent et dans le présent; l'adhésion à la vraie vie dans un contexte authentique; l'intégration du contenu, de la méthode et de la pratique; l'éducation dans « l'ensemble du jeu » et la combinaison du cœur, de la tête et des mains. Troisièmement, les attributs de l'apprenant expérientiel : personne d'action, courageux, explorateur, reconnaissant, réfléchi et autonome. Et quatrièmement, les tâches de la création de pédagogies : la conception d'expériences d'apprentissage, la mise en place d'un laboratoire pédagogique, l'intégration de tout à une culture, la formation d'autres pédagogues, la direction d'un mouvement pédagogique et la rédaction sur la pédagogie. Les constatations apportent une contribution à la documentation sur l'expérience et l'éducation en établissant un ensemble de principes et de pratiques sur la création et le développement en matière de pédagogie. Cet ensemble de principes et de pratiques peut aider les pédagogues, les écoles et les universités à inspirer et à soutenir l'innovation pédagogique. Les écoles de gestion peuvent également mettre à profit ces constatations pour favoriser l'expérimentation pédagogique et rapprocher leurs méthodes d'enseignement de la pratique actuelle des gestionnaires et des leaders.

Language: English

Published: Montreal, 2018

Language: English

Published: Memphis, Tennessee, 1977

Abstract/Notes: The system of education developed by Maria Montessori, noted Italian feminist, anthropologist and physician, is the single largest pedagogy in the world with over 22,000 public, private, parochial, and charter schools on six continents, enduring even as other teaching methods have waxed and waned. Despite its international diffusion and longevity, research into the pedagogy is glaringly absent from mainstream educational literature. The purpose of this study is, first, to explore Dr. Montessori's involvement in international conferences and examine how the exchange of ideas by participants may have influenced her pedagogy. Second, this study investigates the implementation of Montessori pedagogy in two countries, the United Republic of Tanzania and the Russian Federation, focusing on the interplay of teacher training, classroom practice, and culture. This comparative multiple case study was designed to differentiate what is universal in the Montessori pedagogy and what is country specific or culture bound. Observations in classrooms guided by a checklist of ten essential elements, interviews with teachers, trainers and leaders of Montessori associations, and historical and contemporary documents are the primary sources of data. The results of the data indicate that limited economic resources, the quality of training, government regulations and availability of Montessori books translated into the Kiswahili and Russian languages influence the implementation of Montessori pedagogy in the United Republic of Tanzania and the Russian Federation to a greater extent than culture. Montessori pedagogy as implemented in Tanzania is thriving and is providing much needed quality education for young children. Several factors influence its implementation, but poverty permeates through all the classrooms and is the most significant. Montessori pedagogy as implemented in Russia also is thriving, in spite of the challenge of consistent training. Impressive efforts such as the work of the Belgorod Montessori Study Center to develop the theoretical understanding and practical applications of cosmic education and Michailova Montessori School's experiment in integrating into a self-managed government school may determine whether Montessori remains on the periphery of pedagogy or moves to the center, influencing future policy.

Language: English

Published: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2010

Abstract/Notes: The purpose of this study was to consider the philosophical and pedagogical approaches of Aurobindo Ghose and Maria Montessori as a way of engendering spiritual values in to the public educational system in the United States. Available from: Proquest Dissertations and Theses

Language: English

Published: Tempe, Arizona, 1975

Language: English

Published: Chicago, Illinois, 1965

Language: English

ISSN: 0277-9064