Abstract/Notes: OBJECTIVES: Montessori based activity are supposed to be an effective nonpharmacological intervention in the treatment of agitation in western countries. However, most studies conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Montessori based activities on agitation in Asian patients were small sample size, as well as inconsistent outcomes, which may limit the reliability of the conclusions. The present pooled analysis, hence, was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the activity on agitation related with dementia in Asian patients with dementia. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical studies were included, of which available data was extracted. Outcomes of physical aggressive behaviors, physical nonaggressive behaviors, and verbal aggressive behaviors were pooled for the analysis by weighted mean differences. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical studies, conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the activity on agitation related with dementia in Asian patients with dementia. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Available data including baseline characteristics and interested outcomes from the included literature were extracted independently by 2 investigators. Measuring scales including CMAI and NOSIE were adopted for the efficacy comparison between Montessori based activity and standard activity. Weighted mean difference was used for the pooled analysis. RESULTS: A total of 460 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled mean difference agitation for Montessori based activity was -3.86 (95% CI: -7.38 to -0.34, P = 0.03) comparing to standard activity. The pooled mean differences for physical aggressive behaviors, physical nonaggressive behaviors, and verbal aggressive behaviors in Montessori based activity group were -0.82 (95% CI: -1.10 to -0.55; P < 0.00001), -0.81 (95% CI: -1.68 to 0.55; P = 0.07), and 0.38 (95% CI: -0.92 to 1.68; P = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: Montessori based activities may reduce the frequency of agitation, especially in physical aggressive behaviors comparing to standard activities in Asian patients with dementia. However, the effectiveness of Montessori based activities on reduction of subcategorized agitated behaviors including physical nonaggressive behaviors, and verbal aggressive behaviors may not be reliable as physical aggressive behaviors.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029847

ISSN: 1536-5964

Abstract/Notes: Background People with dementia in institutional settings lack engagement in meaningful occupations, which may cause decreased quality of life. Although many researchers and professionals have proposed approaches to engage people with dementia in these occupations, an overview seems to be missing. Aim This scoping review provides an overview by categorizing and describing the characteristics of the approaches. Material and method A thorough literature search in nine databases identified the studies on approaches. We included 54 studies, and extracted bibliometric data. A content analysis revealed the characteristics of the approaches. Results Four categories of approaches were uncovered. First, the literature defined the concept of meaningful occupation in various ways. Second, a category of approaches provided theoretical knowledge of meaningful occupations. The third category focussed on specific themes, such as certain methods. The final described comprehensive multilevel approaches. Conclusion This review contributes to knowledge of the diversity of approaches to engage people with dementia in meaningful occupation within institutional settings. Significance We suggest that occupational therapy researchers and practitioners consider how the concept of meaningful occupation is embedded in the theoretical landscape. Furthermore, activity programming requires reflexive decision-making at the policy and practice level, as engagement in meaningful occupations is complex.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1791952

ISSN: 1103-8128

Language: English

ISSN: 0882-7524

Abstract/Notes: This pilot project used Montessori principles to improve mealtimes of people with dementia. The four residents involved in the project were given six Montessori activities to carry out each day. The activities helped hand-eye coordination, levels of concentration and problem solving. This in turn had a positive impact on residents well-being during mealtimes.

Language: English

ISSN: 1351-8372

Abstract/Notes: Objective: To compare ADL scores of elderly with early stage dementia who had attended Activities of Daily Living (ADL) skill training using Montessori-based activities with those who had not. Method: A quasi experimental study was conducted with Solomon Four Groups design experiment. The subjects consisted of 32 elderly living in Bang-Lamung senior home aged from 63-94 who met the inclusion criteria. They were diviecl into 2 qroups with 16 participants in each group then subgroup of 8 participants were selected to receive intervention and the controls were not. The screening instruments include mini mental status exam (MMSE-T2002) and Thai Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS). Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scores of each subject were measured against Chula ADL index. The post test score was measured at the end of the 4th week, then the intervention was decreased and the follow-ups were measured at the end of the 8th and the 12th week. The data obtained was analyzed for descriptive statistics and the average ADL scores were compared by means of t-test and ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the average ADL pre-test scores of both groups were indifferent. The experimental groups average ADL scores of the post-test increased by 0.62 and the first follow up increased by 0.25 which are statistically significant at the level of p<0.05. Conclusion: Activities of Daily Living training using Montessori-based activities is effective in increasing ADL scores. It is recommended to be used as the activities for elderly with early stage dementia.

Language: Thai

ISSN: 2697-4126

Abstract/Notes: Translating research outcomes into clinical application in neuropsychological rehabilitation is seen as requiring two critical transitions. The first is a transition in research outcome emphasis from efficacy (demonstrating that an intervention works under controlled conditions) to effectiveness (demonstrating that an intervention works as implemented in real-world contexts). The second is a transition in which effective interventions are required to be diffused within caregiving systems to enable them to be implemented on a large scale. Examples of these transitions are provided within the context of designing interventions for persons with dementia.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1080/09602010042000079

ISSN: 0960-2011

Abstract/Notes: AbstractObjective: To compare the memory scores in mild dementia elderly who attended Montessori-based Memory training with the control group who did not.Method: The Solomon four-group design was used to test the memory of the subjects. The subject of the study consisted of 40 elderly at Banbanglamung Social Welfare Development Center for Older Persons. Participants were divided to 2 experimental and 2 control groups by random sampling technique. Mini mental status Exam-Thai 2002 and Thai Geriatric Depression scale were used as a tool in selecting the subject and a tool to differentiate the mild dementia elderly group from the depressed group. The digit span and digit symbol subtests of The Wechsler Intelligence scale were used in memory testing. The data obtained was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way ANOVA.Results: The average scores of the digit span and digit symbol of the experimental groups and the controlled groups were significantly different (p<0.05). After 4 weeks of training, the average scores ofthe experimental groups increased more than that of the controlled group. After training, the average scores of memory of the four groups were significantly indifferent (p<0.05). Digit symbol scores of the experimental groups were higher than of the controlled groups by using LSD method.Conclusion: After memory training, the average scores of the digit span and digit symbol of the experimental groups were significantly higher than the controlled group. This differentce still persistedat the 12th week of training. Therefore, this memory training should be used with the elderly to prevent and delay dementia.

Language: Thai

ISSN: 2697-4126

Abstract/Notes: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an activity implemented by means of Resident-Assisted Montessori Programming (RAMP). Design and Methods: Four persons with early-stage dementia were trained to serve as leaders for a small-group activity played by nine persons with more advanced dementia. Assessments of leaders' ability to learn the procedures of leading a group, as well as their satisfaction with this role, were taken, as were measures of players' engagement and affect during standard activities programming and RAMP activities. Results: Leaders demonstrated the potential to fill the role of group activity leader effectively, and they expressed a high level of satisfaction with this role. Players' levels of positive engagement and pleasure during the RAMP activity were higher than during standard group activities. Implications: This study suggests that to the extent that procedural learning is available to persons with early-stage dementia, especially when they are assisted with external cueing, these individuals can successfully fill the role of volunteers when working with persons with more advanced dementia. This can provide a meaningful social role for leaders and increase access to high quality activities programming for large numbers of persons with dementia.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1093/geront/44.3.426

ISSN: 0016-9013

Abstract/Notes: An intergenerational program bringing together older adults with dementia and preschool children in one-on-one interactions is described. Montessori activities, which have strong ties to physical and occupational therapy, as well as to theories of developmental and cognitive psychology, are used as the context for these interactions. Our experience indicates that older adults with dementia can still serve as effective mentors and teachers to children in an appropriately structured setting.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1093/geront/37.5.688

ISSN: 0016-9013

Abstract/Notes: Sixteen residents in long-term care with advanced dementia (14 women;average age = 88) showed significantly more constructive engagement(defined as motor or verbal behaviors in response to an activity), lesspassive engagement (defined as passively observing an activity), and morepleasure while participating in Montessori-based programming than inregularly scheduled activities programming. Principles of Montessori- basedprogramming, along with examples of such programming, are presented.Implications of the study and methods for expanding the use of Montessori-based dementia programming are discussed.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1093/geront/40.1.107

ISSN: 0016-9013