Abstract/Notes: Nous montrons que la pédagogie de Maria Montessori a ses racines d’une part dans le mouvement sensualiste de Comenius, Locke, Condillac et Rousseau, et d’autre part dans celui pédagogique de Pestalozzi, Itard et Séguin. La scientificité de sa conception et la tradition de sa transmission depuis un siècle garantissent sa crédibilité et sa pertinence ; nous constatons une cohérence dans l’ensemble du matériel pour les différentes matières enseignées et dans son emploi pour les enfants de 2 à 6 ans. Cependant, concernant l’apprentissage de la lecture et de l’écriture, des variations importantes peuvent apparaître selon les langues. Ainsi le matériel utilisé aujourd’hui en Angleterre est-il particulièrement développé et performant, alors que celui en usage en France est moins riche ; mais surtout, les « Dictées muettes©» en vogue dans certaines classes nous apparaissent non seulement désuètes mais sans aucun fondement phonologique et seraient avantageusement remplacées par les « Mots-images©» en cours d’expérimentation. À cette condition, la pédagogie montessorienne pourrait être sollicitée pour renouveler l’enseignement des correspondances grapho-phonologiques du français, y compris pour les élèves en difficulté. We show that Maria Montessori’s pedagogy has its roots on the one hand in the sensualist movement of Comenius, Locke, Condillac and Rousseau and on the other hand in the pedagogic movement of Pestalozzi, Itard and Séguin. The scientificity of its conception and its traditional way of transmission since one century guarantees its credibility and its relevance. We ascertain a coherence in the whole of Montessori’s apparatus of the various subjects taught and its use by the children from 2 to 6 years old.    Nevertheless, concerning the learning of reading and writing, there are important variations from language to language.   For instance, the material used today in Great Britain is particularly numerous and impressive, whereas the one used in France is less prolific and effective. Particularly the “Dictées muettes©” that are very fashionable in many classrooms seem to us not only out-of-date but also without any phonologic foundation. It would be beneficial to replace them by the “Mots-images©” (Word-Picture Cards) that are actually under experimentation. It is a prerequisite so the Montessori pedagogy could be adopted to renew the teaching of including to students in remedial education. [We show that Maria Montessori's pedagogy has its roots on the one hand in the sensualist movement of Comenius, Locke, Condillac and Rousseau, and on the other hand in the educational movement of Pestalozzi, Itard and Séguin. The scientific nature of its conception and the tradition of its transmission for a century guarantee its credibility and relevance; we see consistency in all the material for the different subjects taught and in its use for children from 2 to 6 years old. However, when it comes to learning to read and write, there may be significant variations between languages. Thus the equipment used today in England is particularly developed and efficient, while that in use in France is less rich; but above all, the "Dictées muettes ©" in vogue in certain classes appear to us not only obsolete but without any phonological basis and would be advantageously replaced by the "Words-images ©" currently being tested. Under this condition, Montessori pedagogy could be called upon to renew the teaching of grapho-phonological correspondences in French, including for pupils in difficulty. We show that Maria Montessori’s pedagogy has its roots on the one hand in the sensualist movement of Comenius, Locke, Condillac and Rousseau and on the other hand in the pedagogic movement of Pestalozzi, Itard and Séguin. The scientificity of its conception and its traditional way of transmission since one century guarantees its credibility and its relevance. We ascertain a coherence in the whole of Montessori’s apparatus of the various subjects taught and its use by the children from 2 to 6 years old. Nevertheless, concerning the learning of reading and writing, there are important variations from language to language. For instance, the material used today in Great Britain is particularly numerous and impressive, whereas the one used in France is less prolific and effective. Particularly the “Dictées muettes ©” that are very fashionable in many classrooms seem to us not only out-of-date but also without any phonologic foundation. It would be beneficial to replace them by the “Mots-images ©” (Word-Picture Cards) that are actually under experimentation. It is a prerequisite so the Montessori pedagogy could be adopted to renew the teaching of including to students in remedial education.]

Language: French

Published: Nantes, France, 2009

Abstract/Notes: The system of education developed by Maria Montessori, noted Italian feminist, anthropologist and physician, is the single largest pedagogy in the world with over 22,000 public, private, parochial, and charter schools on six continents, enduring even as other teaching methods have waxed and waned. Despite its international diffusion and longevity, research into the pedagogy is glaringly absent from mainstream educational literature. The purpose of this study is, first, to explore Dr. Montessori's involvement in international conferences and examine how the exchange of ideas by participants may have influenced her pedagogy. Second, this study investigates the implementation of Montessori pedagogy in two countries, the United Republic of Tanzania and the Russian Federation, focusing on the interplay of teacher training, classroom practice, and culture. This comparative multiple case study was designed to differentiate what is universal in the Montessori pedagogy and what is country specific or culture bound. Observations in classrooms guided by a checklist of ten essential elements, interviews with teachers, trainers and leaders of Montessori associations, and historical and contemporary documents are the primary sources of data. The results of the data indicate that limited economic resources, the quality of training, government regulations and availability of Montessori books translated into the Kiswahili and Russian languages influence the implementation of Montessori pedagogy in the United Republic of Tanzania and the Russian Federation to a greater extent than culture. Montessori pedagogy as implemented in Tanzania is thriving and is providing much needed quality education for young children. Several factors influence its implementation, but poverty permeates through all the classrooms and is the most significant. Montessori pedagogy as implemented in Russia also is thriving, in spite of the challenge of consistent training. Impressive efforts such as the work of the Belgorod Montessori Study Center to develop the theoretical understanding and practical applications of cosmic education and Michailova Montessori School's experiment in integrating into a self-managed government school may determine whether Montessori remains on the periphery of pedagogy or moves to the center, influencing future policy.

Language: English

Published: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2010

Abstract/Notes: O diálogo entre arquitetura e pedagogia intensificou-se nota velmentenas últimas décadas, contudo, no âmbito italiano os exemplos de escolas que fogem aos rígidos modelos tradicionais representa mainda casos isolados. Esta dissertação pretende aprofundar o processo de desenho de projeto para uma Escola Primária pública situada em Itália, em Crespano del Grappa na região de Vêneto, enquadrada no Programa Nacional Scuole Innovative que, através do lançamento de um concursopara 51 novas escolas, representa uma tentativa de inovação no panorama escolar italiano. Apoiado na pedagogia Montessori, ou, mais especificamente, centrando-se na possibilidade de relação entre as suas pioneiras práticas educativas e o desenvolvimento de um ambiente de ensino que possa revelar-se realmente estimulante à aprendizagem, opresente projeto tenta conjugar todas estas preocupações, com osentido do lugar e da escola entendida como equipamento público de referência para a comunidade. [The dialogue between architecture and pedagogy has intensified considerably in the last decades; however, in the Italian context, examples of schools that try to flee the rigid traditional models still represent isolated instances. This dissertation intends to deepen the process of designing a Public Primary School located in Italy, in Crespano del Grappa, in the Veneto region, as part of the national program Scuole Innovative which, through the launch of a competition for the construction of 51 new schools, embodies an attempt to innovate in the Italian school scenery. Based on the Montessori pedagogy or, more specifically, focusing on the possible relationship between its pioneering educational practices and the development of an educational environment, that could be really stimulating to learning, the present project tries to combine all these concerns, with the sense of the place, the landscape and the school as a public reference equipment for the whole community.]

Language: Portuguese

Published: Porto, Portugal, 2018

Abstract/Notes: Explicita-se as relações interdisciplinares na pedagogia através da epistemologia genética, analisando uma formulação teórica específica, no caso a pedagogia montessori. Através da operaciomalização da epistemologia genética verifica-se se ela é capaz de captar relações interdisciplinares no interior de uma formulação pedagógica específica e se esta pode ser considerada interdisciplinar. A pesquisa desenvolvida traz uma contribuição à pedagogia pois operacionaliza um modelo de análise de relações interdisciplinares no interior da pedagogia. O estudo concluiu que o modelo psicogenético possibilitou captar relações interdisciplinares no interior de formulações teóricas bem como possibilitou uma análise genuína da pedagogia montessori demonstrando o seu potencial em termos de formação integral do homem. [The interdisciplinary relationships in pedagogy are explained through genetic epistemology, analyzing a specific theoretical formulation, in this case, the montessori pedagogy. Through the operationalization of genetic epistemology, it is verified whether it is capable of capturing interdisciplinary relationships within a specific pedagogical formulation and whether this can be considered interdisciplinary. The research developed brings a contribution to pedagogy as it operationalizes a model for the analysis of interdisciplinary relationships within pedagogy. The study concluded that the psychogenetic model made it possible to capture interdisciplinary relationships within theoretical formulations as well as a genuine analysis of Montessori pedagogy, demonstrating its potential in terms of the integral formation of man.]

Language: Portuguese

DOI: 10.5902/19846444

ISSN: 1984-6444

Abstract/Notes: photos and references

Language: English

ISSN: 1470-8647

Language: German

DOI: 10.7788/bue-1953-jg58

ISSN: 0006-2456, 2194-3834

Abstract/Notes: This study examines processes connected to teacher’s transformation of the Montessori theory and it's described application to a daily practice. The aim is to create knowledge about what constitutes possibilities and limitations for teachers in their daily work with Montessori education. This does not only refer to what constitutes opportunities and limitations in teachers' everyday work with teaching, but also to what constitutes opportunities and limitations for teachers to learn at work. The theoretical framework is based on action theory and theories on adult learning and connects to a tradition called workplace-learning in which learning is considered to take place in, but also between, individuals. This approach indicates that the contextual conditions which the teachers were imbedded in are important to identify. The study was conducted in four different Montessori-environments and involved nine Montessori teachers. The methods used were participant observation, interviews, informal conversations and review of teacher produced material and documents. Possibilities and limitations in teachers work were related to if they had access to Montessori materials or not. In work with Montessori materials teachers identified the children's abilities to a greater extent than they did when other materials were in use. This identification directed their interventions. When the teachers did not have access to Montessori material their method often appeared to be the same as “individual work” with the provided material. Furthermore, interventions of the teacher were then significantly often procedural rather than content-related, although the teachers clearly expressed that they wanted to go into a dialogue with children about the treated subject area. The survey therefore contradicts with the opinion that Montessori-teachers withdraw in favor of Montessori materials that sometimes has been brought up by interpreters of the pedagogy. Rather, teachers stepped back when other materials were in use. The study also shows how a prerequisite for a collective development-oriented learning among the teachers was dependent on whether teachers made their own private understanding of the pedagogy available to each other. At times, however, teachers took the use of the materials for granted. Some of the teachers also deliberately refrained from making their personal understanding available to others due to the fact that they then could be seen as a less competent Montessori-teacher. This maintaining of a “false” collective understanding is seen as an expression of an institutionalization of teaching practice which was maintained by sanctions from the environment if the individual didn´t recognize the institutionalization in question. Since teacher’s “space for action” in this way was limited, the institution created conditions that prevented a possible development of the working methods in use. In those cases when conditions for a collective development-oriented learning were more favorable, it was clear that the teachers did not perceive Montessori education as a given method but rather saw it as a "model" for teaching in which the teachers had to interpret and define their own method from. The teachers thus came to take advantage of a potential “space for action” which was not noticed when the pedagogy was seen as a method.

Language: Swedish

Published: Stockholm, Sweden, 2016

Abstract/Notes: Education faces barriers all over the world, which sometimes makes it difficult to look after children’s rights and their individual development. Hence, society is clamoring for new practices, and different approaches are emerging, Montessori among them. Despite the fact that this approach was developed to attend to the poor strata, nowadays it is basically promoted by elitist sectors, though it can be perfectly applied as an education system for all children, regardless of their socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. This study analyzes the bases of Montessori pedagogy in a school from a low-to-middle-income country (LMIC), Burkina Faso, and another school in a high-income country (HIC), Spain. The study takes into account children, family, school environment and teacher training all of which contribute to children’s development.

Language: English

DOI: 10.12973/eu-jer.10.1.175

ISSN: 2165-8714

Abstract/Notes: This text presents a theoretical analysis of Maria Montessori’s concept of cognitive autonomy, defined as a process of gaining power and control over one’s own thinking and learning, building the ability to regulate its course and evaluate the results of learning. The main aim of the article is to present the cognitive potential included in M. Montessori’s pedagogical thinking, the undiscovered dimensions of her concepts, and the unusual actuality confirmed by the latest research results. The first part of the article presents the constructive nature of the learning process based on self-discipline, the internal ability to regulate one’s own impulses, and control them consciously. The second part of the article presents contemporary interpretations of Maria Montessori’s concepts, provided by researchers and teachers- practitioners from the perspective of new psychological and pedagogical achievements. The evolution in the thinking of Montessori teachers is seen here as being a sensitive balance, with the “purity” of Montessori’s original ideas on the one hand, and a critical reflection over one’s own personal teaching practice, and discovering problems or phenomena, which – although unnamed – are deeply rooted in the Montessori classroom environment. / Artykuł jest teoretyczną analizą montessoriańskiej koncepcji autonomii (samodzielności) poznawczej dziecka, rozumianej jako stopniowe zdobywanie kontroli nad własnym uczeniem się, budowanie zdolności do regulowania jego przebiegu i oceny efektów. Głównym celem jest ukazanie potencjału poznawczego zawartego w myśli pedagogicznej Marii Montessori, głębi jej koncepcji pedagogicznej, a zarazem zaskakującej aktualności założeń, które znajdują potwierdzenie w wynikach współczesnych badań nad uczeniem się. W pierwszej części tekstu ukazano uczenie się jako proces konstruktywistyczny, oparty na zdolności do samodyscypliny, wewnętrznego regulowania własnych impulsów, poddawania ich świadomej kontroli. W drugiej części artykułu ukazano współczesne interpretacje koncepcji M. Montessori, dokonywane przez badaczy i nauczycieli praktyków, pod wpływem najnowszych badań psychologicznych. Przedstawiona tu ewolucja poglądów nauczycieli charakteryzuje się z jednej strony dbałością o „czystość” montessoriańskiej idei, z drugiej zaś krytyczną refleksją nad własną praktyką edukacyjną i odkrywaniem w niej idei i problemów, które – choć nienazwane – tkwią głęboko zakorzenione w przygotowanym do samodzielnego uczenia się otoczeniu klasy Montessori.

Language: Polish

DOI: 10.14632/eetp.2017.13.47.89

ISSN: 1896-2327, 2353-7787

Abstract/Notes: Mathematics is a school subject which causes students the greatest problems, sometimes throughout their entire school experience. Unsatisfactory learning outcomes in mathematics have been observed worldwide for a number of years, and the lack of or poor mathematical skills make it impossible for many students to cope with the ever increasing demands of modern life. In view of this alarming situation, constant attempts are being made to modify and reform mathemati­cs education curricula in order to improve their effectiveness. The present study explores the difficulties faced by students in learning mathematics. Attention is given to the types and effects of failures in mathematics education. In the context of these problems, the Montessori method is recommended as an alternative. The main assumptions of the Montessori pedagogy are presented, with a special emphasis on the development material. The greatest prominence is given to sensory and mathematical materials, providing their brief characterization and pointing to their high educational effectiveness. In order to bring the characteristics of Montessori’s organizational forms closer (forms of students’ work) the three-stage-lesson is presented. The lesson involves presenting the names connected with the typical developmental Montessori method with the use of Golden Bead Material. The concluding section highlights the didactic effectiveness of Montessori pedagogy in the domain of mathematics education. It is stressed that students who have been educated in Montessori schools work eagerly with mathematical materials and independently. They achieve educational success, acquire new skills and see that mathe­matics can be easy and pleasant to learn. / Matematyka jest przedmiotem, który sprawia uczniom najwięcej problemów nieraz przez całe życie szkolne. Od lat obserwuje się na całym świecie niezadawalające wyniki nauczania tego przedmiotu, a brak lub zbyt niski poziom umiejętności matematycznych nie pozwala wielu uczniom sprostać rosnącym wymaganiom życiowym. Taka niepokojąca sytuacja implikuje podejmowanie ustawicznych prób modyfikacji i reformowania programów edukacji matematycznej zmierzających w kierunku większej ich skuteczności. W pracy podjęto problem trudności dzieci w uczeniu się matematyki. Zwrócono uwagę na rodzaje i skutki niepowodzeń w edukacji matematycznej. W kontekście tych zagadnień, jako alternatywę zakomenderowano edukację metodą M. Montessori. Omówiono główne założenia pedagogiki montessoriańskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem materiału rozwojowego. Największą uwagę poświęcono materiałom sensorycznym i matematycznym, dokonując krótkiej ich charakterystyki oraz wskazując wysoką skuteczność edukacyjną. W celu przybliżenia specyfiki montessoriańskich form pracy ucznia przedstawiono trzystopniową lekcję nazw dotyczącą charakterystycznej dla metody Montessori pomocy rozwojowej, zwanej „złotym materiałem”. W zakończeniu wskazano efektywność dydaktyczną pedagogiki Montessori w obszarze edukacji matematycznej. Podkreślono, że uczniowie w placówkach montessoriańskich chętnie i samodzielnie pracują z materiałami matematycznymi. Doświadczają sukcesów, nabywają nowe umiejętności i przekonują się, że matematyka może być łatwa i przyjemna.

Language: Polish

DOI: 10.14632/eetp.2017.13.47.163

ISSN: 1896-2327, 2353-7787