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Article
Three Approaches from Europe: Waldorf, Montessori, and Reggio Emilia
Available from: ECRP Website
Publication: Early Childhood Research and Practice, vol. 4, no. 1
Date: 2002
Pages: 1-14
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Abstract/Notes: Waldorf, Montessori, and Reggio Emilia are three progressive approaches to early childhood education that appear to be growing in influence in North America and to have many points in common. This article provides a brief comparative introduction and highlights several key areas of similarity and contrast. All three approaches represent an explicit idealism and turn away from war and violence toward peace and reconstruction. They are built on coherent visions of how to improve human society by helping children realize their full potential as intelligent, creative, whole persons. In each approach, children are viewed as active authors of their own development, strongly influenced by natural, dynamic, self-righting forces within themselves, opening the way toward growth and learning. Teachers depend for their work with children on carefully prepared, aesthetically pleasing environments that serve as a pedagogical tool and provide strong messages about the curriculum and about respect for children. Partnering with parents is highly valued in all three approaches, and children are evaluated by means other than traditional tests and grades. However, there are also many areas of difference, some at the level of principle and others at the level of strategy. Underlying the three approaches are variant views of the nature of young children's needs, interests, and modes of learning that lead to contrasts in the ways that teachers interact with children in the classroom, frame and structure learning experiences for children, and follow the children through observation/documentation. The article ends with discussion of the methods that researchers apply to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
Language: English
ISSN: 1524-5039
Article
Trends in Personal Belief Exemption Rates Among Alternative Private Schools: Waldorf, Montessori, and Holistic Kindergartens in California, 2000–2014
Available from: American Public Health Association
Publication: American Journal of Public Health, vol. 107, no. 1
Date: Jan 2017
Pages: 108-112
Americas, Holistic schools, Montessori schools, North America, Private schools, United States of America, Waldorf schools
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Abstract/Notes: Objectives. To evaluate trends in rates of personal belief exemptions (PBEs) to immunization requirements for private kindergartens in California that practice alternative educational methods. Methods. We used California Department of Public Health data on kindergarten PBE rates from 2000 to 2014 to compare annual average increases in PBE rates between schools. Results. Alternative schools had an average PBE rate of 8.7%, compared with 2.1% among public schools. Waldorf schools had the highest average PBE rate of 45.1%, which was 19 times higher than in public schools (incidence rate ratio = 19.1; 95% confidence interval = 16.4, 22.2). Montessori and holistic schools had the highest average annual increases in PBE rates, slightly higher than Waldorf schools (Montessori: 8.8%; holistic: 7.1%; Waldorf: 3.6%). Conclusions. Waldorf schools had exceptionally high average PBE rates, and Montessori and holistic schools had higher annual increases in PBE rates. Children in these schools may be at higher risk for spreading vaccine-preventable diseases if trends are not reversed.
Language: English
ISSN: 0090-0036, 1541-0048
Book
Die Reformpädagogik: Montessori, Waldorf und Andere Lehren
Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Waldorf method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Language: German
Published: München, Germany: C.H. Beck, 2012
Edition: 1st ed.
ISBN: 978-3-406-64053-7 978-3-406-64052-0
Series: Beck'sche Reihe , 2743
A Midlands-Based Study Using Observation, Questionnaires and Interviews to Establish the Attitudes of Teachers and Pupils in a Steiner Waldorf School, a Montessori School and a Church of England School
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Language: English
Published: Warwick, England, 2001
Book
Montessori oder Waldorf?: ein Orientierungsbuch für Eltern und Pädagogen
Alternative education, Maria Montessori - Philosophy, Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Rudolf Steiner - Philosophy, Waldorf method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Language: German
Published: München, Germany: Kösel, 2000
Edition: 4th ed.
ISBN: 3-466-30405-9 978-3-466-30405-9
Article
Rudolf Steiner and Steiner [Waldorf] Education
Publication: Montessori Society Review, vol. 7
Date: 1996
Pages: 10–13
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Language: English
Book
Montessori oder Waldorf?: ein Orientierungsbuch für Eltern und Pädagogen
Alternative education, Maria Montessori - Philosophy, Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Rudolf Steiner - Philosophy, Waldorf method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Language: German
Published: München, Germany: Kösel, 1996
Edition: 1st ed.
ISBN: 3-466-30405-9 978-3-466-30405-9
Article
Montessori and Waldorf
Publication: Infants and Toddlers, vol. 9, no. 4
Date: 2006
Pages: 11–14
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Language: English
Article
Parallel Paths: A Conversation Among Montessori and Waldorf Educators
Publication: Holistic Education Review, vol. 3, no. 4
Date: 1990
Pages: 40-50
Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Waldorf method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Language: English
ISSN: 0898-0926
Article
Montessori and Waldorf Education: Common and Different Traits in Two Educational Philosophies
Publication: Communications (Association Montessori Internationale, 195?-2008), vol. 1988, no. 4
Date: 1988
Pages: 9–21
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Language: English
ISSN: 0519-0959