Abstract/Notes: The purpose of this project is to investigate to what extent Protestant nativism impeded the spread of the Montessori Method in the United States. The Montessori Method has experienced waves of popularity in America ever since it was first introduced in 1910. During the first wave of popularity, from 1910-1917, Dr. Maria Montessori, the founder, faced backlash from educators and educational philosophers for her scientific reasoning and her pedagogical and social philosophies. Some Montessori historians believe that these factors were critical in halting the spread of the Montessori Method in America in 1917. An additional theory is that Montessori’s personal identity, as an Italian Catholic woman, impeded the reception of her ideas in America. Considering that the time period was characterized by anti-Catholic rhetoric from political organizations as well as newspapers and journals, the theory makes sense. Research for this project was conducted by examining newspaper publications that covered the Montessori Method, rebuttals of the method published by American educators, and the books and articles written by Montessori advocates. Other primary sources include Catholic publications and Dr. Montessori’s own books and writings. Secondary sources, such as autobiographies of Maria Montessori’s life and examinations of nativist activity at the beginning of the 20th Century, help paint a picture of the state of America when Dr. Montessori visited in 1913. Overall, these sources indicate that anti-Catholic sentiments played a minor role, if any, in hampering the spread of the Montessori Method. Maria Montessori’s publicist, Samuel S. McClure, crafted a particular public image for Montessori, compatible with themes of social reform, Progressive educational reform, and feminism, which would appeal to most Americans. The creation of this public image is significant as it was a manifestation of the cultural upheaval experienced during the early 20th century and had lasting implications for Progressive education and the future of the Montessori Method in America. Supporters for the method emphasized the scientific foundation of the method, Dr. Montessori’s ideas for social reform through education, and the compatibility of the method with American ideals of individual freedom and responsibility. In the end, other factors such as leading educators’ disapproval of different aspects of the method, World War I, and Dr. Montessori’s personality led to the decline of the Montessori Method in America at that time.

Language: English

Published: Lawrence, Kansas, Apr 2019

Language: English

Published: New York: American Montessori Society, 1964

Language: English

Published: New York: American Montessori Society, 1964

Language: English

Published: New York: American Montessori Society, 1964

Abstract/Notes: Anne E. George, the first American trained as a directress by Montessori in 1910, is significant as the paramount Montessori educator in the United States from 1910 to 1915. George, who established the first American Montessori school in Tarrytown, New York in 1911, was also the English-language translator of Montessori’s book, The Montessori Method (1912). Alexander Graham Bell and his wife, Mabel, intent on promoting Montessori education, established the national Montessori Educational Association, with George as its Director of Research. George was also the headmistress of the Montessori schools supported by the Bells in Washington, DC. In addition, George was Montessori’s aide and translator during her extensive lecture tour in 1913. Montessori’s relationship with George deteriorated. Montessori revoked Anne George’s credentials as a Montessori directress in 1915. The ever-loyal George, who strived to replicate the Montessori Method in American private schools, and, once, the premier American Montessori educator, was discredited by her mentor. After her marriage in 1919, George never returned to the field of education.

Language: English

Published: Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020

ISBN: 978-3-030-54835-3

Series: Historical Studies in Education

Abstract/Notes: In an effort to explore the ways in which Montessori curriculum and public schools are cooperative or mutually exclusive, I will examine the principles of the Montessori philosophy as set forth by Dr. Maria Montessori in the areas of learners and learning, the learning environment, the curriculum and instructional strategies, and student assessment. After examining these sectors of the Montessori method, I will discuss theoretical possibilities in adapting the Montessori method to the American public school system in the early 21st century. For the purpose of this paper, I will refer to the author of the Montessori method, as "Dr. Montessori" and call the general method or portions thereof as "Montessori."

Language: English

Published: Nashville, Tennessee, 2007

Language: English

Published: Washington, D.C.: AMI/USA, 1989

Pages: 80-84

Language: English

Published: Cincinnati, Ohio, 1977

Language: Korean

ISSN: 1225-4150, 2713-5926

Language: English