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Book Section
A Philosophical Perspective on the Purpose of Education in Indonesia
Available from: Springer Link
Book Title: Comparative and Decolonial Studies in Philosophy of Education
Pages: 51-71
Asia, Australasia, Comparative education, Friedrich Fröbel - Philosophy, Indonesia, Ki Hajar Dewantara - Philosophy, Maria Montessori - Philosophy, Rabindranath Tagore - Philosophy, Southeast Asia
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Abstract/Notes: This chapter will look at the purpose of education in the context of Indonesia’s past and present. I will draw on the philosophy of Ki Hajar Dewantara (1889–1959), who is regarded as the father of Indonesian education. In conceptualising education, he was influenced by his upbringing, local culture, and international influences from various educators and philosophers such as Rabindranath Tagore, Maria Montessori, and Friedrich Fröbel. This chapter is particularly timely because the Indonesian government has started to critically re-examine two of the educational concepts proposed by Dewantara, which are “pendidikan karakter” (character education) and “merdeka belajar” (independent learning). The chapter will start with a discussion on the purpose of education before introducing Dewantara and his background. I will then offer two comparisons; First, between Dewantara’s purpose of education and the aims of Dutch schools during the colonial period in Indonesia, highlighting the importance of imparting local wisdom and values in Dewantara’s school which were ignored by the colonial schools. Second, between Dewantara’s purpose of education and the current government’s policies. By doing so, I will highlight the different purposes articulated for education in various contexts, from the colonial era to present-day Indonesia. The conclusion of this chapter is that there have been profound changes to the very purpose of education in Indonesia. Nevertheless, Dewantara’s philosophy is still very much relevant today and thus, the Indonesian government should revisit its conceptualisation of the foundations of education. Dewantara’s thought is also likely to see increased interest in other countries due to a growing global demand for awareness of non-Western educational philosophies.
Language: English
Published: Singapore, Singapore: Springer Nature, 2023
Edition: 1st ed.
ISBN: 978-981-9901-39-5
Article
Education of the Senses–Colour (The Chromatic Sense)
Publication: Montessori NewZ, vol. 22
Date: Jun 2001
Pages: 5–6
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Language: English
Article
Place of Reason in Education: Some Recent Developments
Publication: The Sower, no. 124
Date: Sep 1937
Pages: 137-144
Edwin Mortimer Standing - Writings, Montessori method of education
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Language: English
Report
Preschool Education for Inner-City Children: Preliminary Results of an Experimental Montessori Programme
Available from: ERIC
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Abstract/Notes: Early results from a Montessori nursery program initiated by Toronto, Canada, in 1971, to help inner-city children prepare for formal education indicate that the mothers of the 15 three- and four-year-old children were pleased with the program. Specifically, they felt that the children had increased their verbal skills, preparedness for junior kindergarten, and social maturity. However, not all mothers were pleased with the increased independence shown by some of the children. A study of the children's characteristics suggested that caution should be exerted in extrapolating the findings from other so-called disadvantaged children to inner-city children in one's own city. Other data are useful but the needs of a particular population must be carefully observed. When isolating deficiencies or identity needs, wholesale generalizations from superficial measures should not be made. Precise and explicit definitions should be made for such terms as deficient in language, intellectual motivation, or conceptual ability. Otherwise inadequate solutions are likely to result. (JS)
Language: English
Published: Toronto, Canada, Nov 1971
Article
Does Open Education Really Work in an Urban Setting?
Available from: JSTOR
Publication: Phi Delta Kappan, vol. 54, no. 2
Date: Oct 1972
Pages: 107-110
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Language: English
ISSN: 0031-7217
Master's Thesis (M.S. Ed.)
Education that Fosters Environmental Literacy
Available from: MINDS@UW River Falls
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Abstract/Notes: This study was conducted to examine the effects of exploratory play in nature combined with locally based, environmental education (EE), on the environmental literacy (EL) of students in a lower elementary Montessori classroom. The study included one lower elementary Montessori classroom consisting of 24 students of which there were 12 girls and 12 boys, ranging from six to nine years of age. Activities consisted of environmental games, environmental art, lessons and activities that were designed to develop knowledge of the flora and fauna in and around the school. Lessons were followed with opportunities to write/draw reflections on lesson content or complete additional research. Data included questionnaires completed by students before and after the study, parent surveys, student interviews, teacher observations, and samples of student work. Though there were limitations of cold weather and time period, data demonstrated an increase in environmental literacy during the course of the study.
Language: English
Published: River Falls, Wisconsin, 2018
Article
Reflections on the Internationality of Montessori Education
Available from: ProQuest
Publication: Montessori Life, vol. 20, no. 3
Date: 2008
Pages: 40-44
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Abstract/Notes: One of the major components of Dr. Montessori's plan for peace education is a curriculum that de-emphasizes nationalism. The "big picture" of the cultural curriculum encourages the perspective that people are citizens of Earth first, and only secondarily American, Japanese, Polish, or other nationalities. Through the fundamental needs material, children learn that all people on all continents throughout history had and have the same basic needs. In preindustrial times, geographic context, together with local natural resources, determined how different groups of people met their needs. And because this is still true, the Montessori geography curriculum is not limited to land and water forms and political borders, but necessarily extends to the people who inhabit other places. It teaches that other people are much like everyone else in terms of basic needs, but that they may meet those needs in very different ways; and children learn to respect those differences. Such a perspective is developed in Montessori settings even where little ethnic, religious, or social diversity exists, as long as a quality program is in place. Additionally, planetwide problems that Montessori may not have specifically anticipated, such as global warming, necessitate new attitudes and curricula that form and emphasize an "ecopsychological" awareness. This article examines the relevance of Montessori education to international schools: When properly integrated, Montessori complements and enhances many aspects of an international school, but when misapplied or partially applied, the obstacles that result can be quite difficult to overcome.
Language: English
ISSN: 1054-0040
Article
Reforming Public Education: The IMS Montessori Approach
Available from: Internet Archive
Publication: Montessori Observer, vol. 29, no. 4
Date: Nov 2008
Pages: 1, 4
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Language: English
ISSN: 0889-5643
Article
What Are the Fundamentals of Montessori Education?
Publication: Communications (Association Montessori Internationale, 195?-2008), vol. 1987, no. 4
Date: 1987
Pages: 14–25
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Language: English
ISSN: 0519-0959
Book
Nursery Report on: Rockliffe Montessori Nursery: The Inspection of Educational Provision for Four Year Old Children
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Language: English
Published: Cardiff, Wales: Welsh Office, 1998