Abstract/Notes: In questa prima fase della ricerca - ancora in itinere - si compie un’analisi storico-pedagogica del rapporto infanzia/famiglie/istituzioni. L’indagine si focalizza sulle trasformazioni dei modelli familiari, visti nella loro interdipendenza con l’elaborazione di nuove pratiche educative. Al riguardo, l’avvento del’900 si profila come un passaggio importante, che trova un suo esito nel volume di Ellen Key, Il secolo dei fanciulli. Proprio in quest’opera, la scrittrice svedese elabora una nuova idea di “maternità” e di “paternità” che pone al centro i bisogni e le esigenze infantili. La sua prospettiva diventa oggetto di dibattito, agli inizi del secolo scorso, sia in campo pedagogico, sia in campo femminista, soprattutto in merito al dilemma per la donna di coniugare insieme sfera pubblica e sfera privata, maternità e autonomia individuale. Secondo l’ipotesi qui evidenziata è in particolare Maria Montessori a raccogliere la sfida di Ellen Key, con il suo esperimento pedagogico della “Casa dei bambini”, in cui lo spazio domestico, “privato” si trasforma in uno spazio scolastico, “pubblico”, a misura di “bambino” (valenza estetica degli ambienti, cura delle relazioni umane, ecc.). [In the first phase of research it conducts an historical and pedagogical analysis on the relationship between childhoods, families and institutions, identifying family-models changes and their interdependence with the elaboration of new educative practices. At the beginning of twentieth century, Ellen Key wrote the famous book The century of children. Following the introduction of Modernity age, the author defined a new idea of “motherhood” and “fatherhood” which focused on childish subjects’ needs and requirements. Her prospective became item of debate both in pedagogic and in feminist fields, especially in regard to women’s dilemma on how to combine public and private life, motherhood and individual autonomy. In particular, Maria Montessori took up the Ellen Key challenge, in fact she made the pedagogical experiment of Children’s House, where domestic space became institutional space (settings’ aesthetic quality, human relationships’ care).]

Language: Italian

DOI: 10.6092/issn.1970-2221/1767

ISSN: 1970-2221

Language: Spanish

Abstract/Notes: Das Konzept der Kosmischen Erziehung basiert auf Überlegungen Maria Montessoris zur Stellung des Menschen im Kosmos, die sie in den 1930er Jahren als großartige Vision vorstellte und in den 1940er Jahren in Indien gemeinsam mit ihrem Sohn Mario zu einem konkreten pädagogischen Konzept ausformte. Maria Montessoris Absicht mit dieser Vision war, den Blick Heranwachsender Menschen auf Interdependenzen naturgeschichtlicher wie historisch-gesellschaftlicher Evolutionsprozesse zu richten, um dadurch in der Erziehung den Grundstein für ein verantwortungsvolles Umgehen mit ökologischen Kreisläufen wie auch für Solidarität zwischen sozialen Gruppen und Nationen zu legen. Dabei wird erstmals Mario Montessoris wichtiger, lange Zeit kaum beachteter Beitrag zur Entwicklung und Etablierung des Konzepts "Kosmische Erziehung" ausdrücklich herausgearbeitet. [The concept of cosmic education is based on Maria Montessori's considerations about the position of man in the cosmos, which she presented as a great vision in the 1930s and which was developed in India in the 1940s together with her son Mario into a concrete educational concept. Maria Montessori's intention with this vision was to focus on the interdependencies of natural history as well as historical-social evolutionary processes in order to lay the foundations for a responsible handling of ecological cycles as well as for solidarity between social groups and nations. For the first time, Mario Montessori's important, long neglected contribution to the development and establishment of the concept "Cosmic Education" is explicitly worked out.] / Dissertation.

Language: German

Published: Bad Heilbrunn, Germany: Klinkhardt, 2001

ISBN: 978-3-7815-1161-3 3-7815-1161-8

Language: Italian

Published: Verona, Italy, 1996

Language: German

Published: Neuwied: Luchterhand, 1992

ISBN: 978-3-472-01057-9

Language: Swedish

Published: Stockholm, Sweden: Carlssons, 1996

ISBN: 978-91-7203-066-4 91-7203-066-6

Language: Spanish

Abstract/Notes: In the 19th century the references concerning the education in the early years of infants took 2 different orientations. One uses an “educational mother” as the model. Between the love and limits that she offers her child, she brings a moral education. In the other reference, the educator, very respectful to the dynamic of the child, intervenes as little as possible. The objective is that he conquers autonomy and learns a sense of responsibilities. Two educated women are representative of these 2 tendencies: On one hand Pauline Kergomard (preschool inspector 1838–1925), author of “the motherly education at school”, in her teaching to school principals, presents as a reference the “comprehensive and devoted mother” taking care of the physical intellectual and moral development of children. In this case she represents more the dimension of “care”. On the other hand, Maria Montessori, (Italian pedagogue, 1870-1952) author of "scientific education”, is going to impute little by little her ideas based on the fact that the child has the necessary qualities to grow on his/her own. So according to the educator with just creating a high-quality environment in order to enable the child to find the extract to grow up and be the autor of their own evolution. We consider her to represent the concept of education, resulting from a method. We have presented the essence of both authors convictions. Alter restoring them in their context, we will confront them to see in what degree these methods are opposed or not, in the sense of seeing how they complete and intervene with each other. Our idea is to make use of the analysis of both orientations and develop to what point care is indispensable to the quality and the education of child and more over at the present time. Au XIXe siècle les références concernant l’éducation de la petite enfance ont pris deux orientations différentes. L’une donne comme modèle la mère éducatrice. Dans l’autre référence, l’éducatrice très respectueuse de la dynamique de l’enfant, intervient le moins possible. Deux femmes pédagogues sont représentatives de ces courants : D’une part, Pauline Kergomard (inspectrice des écoles maternelles, 1838-1925) auteur de « L’éducation maternelle à l’école » présente comme référence « la mère intelligente et dévouée » ; elle représente plutôt la dimension « soin ». D’autre part, Maria Montessori (pédagogue italienne,1870-1952) auteur de « La pédagogie scientifique » va peu à peu imposer ses idées basées sur le fait que l’enfant possède les qualités nécessaires pour grandir par lui-même. Nous la considérons comme représentant le concept d’éducation fruit d’une méthode. Notre propos est de nous servir de l’analyse de ces deux orientations pour dévoiler combien les soins sont indispensables à la qualité de l’éducation même.

Language: French

ISSN: 1283-8594

Abstract/Notes: Wie unter einem Brennglas beleuchtet dieses Buch den langen Schatten der weltweit berühmten Maria Montessori. Es rückt ihr Denken in einen bislang weitestgehend verdrängten aber gegenwärtig (erneut) höchst aktuellen Zusammenhang von Eugenik, Rassentheorie und Optimierungsstreben. Als Maria Montessori (1870-1952) im Jahre 1915 den Besuchern der "Panama-Pacific International Exposition" in San Francisco die stillen und diszipliniert arbeitenden "Montessori-Kinder" in einem gläsernen show-room präsentierte, war die italienische Ärztin und Biologin auf dem Höhepunkt ihrer Karriere angelangt. Zusammen mit den Eugenikern und Rasseideologen ihrer Zeit demonstrierte sie der fortschrittsgläubigen Welt die Möglichkeiten einer erziehungs- und biotechnologischen Erschaffung des "neuen Messias". Gut 100 Jahre später holen die Fortschritte auf den Feldern der Gen- und Reproduktionstechnologie Maria Montessoris biopolitische Visionen eines "Ministry of the Race" (1951) und ihren lebenslangen Traum vom perfekten Kind ein. Wie unter einem Brennglas beleuchtet dieses Buch den langen Schatten der weltweit berühmten Maria Montessori und rückt ihr Denken in einen bislang weitestgehend verdrängten aber gegenwärtig (erneut) höchst aktuellen Zusammenhang von Eugenik, Rassentheorie und Optimierungsstreben. [As if under a magnifying glass, this book illuminates the long shadow of the world-famous Maria Montessori. It places their thinking in a hitherto largely repressed but currently (again) highly topical context of eugenics, racial theory and the pursuit of optimization. When Maria Montessori (1870-1952) presented the quiet and disciplined working "Montessori children" to visitors to the "Panama-Pacific International Exposition" in San Francisco in 1915 in a glass showroom, the Italian doctor and biologist was there reached the peak of her career. Together with the eugenicists and racial ideologists of her time, she demonstrated to the progressive world the possibilities of creating the "new messiah" through education and biotechnology. A good 100 years later, advances in the fields of genetic and reproductive technology are catching up with Maria Montessori's biopolitical visions of a "Ministry of the Race" (1951) and her lifelong dream of the perfect child. As if under a magnifying glass, this book illuminates the long shadow of the world-famous Maria Montessori and places her thinking in a hitherto largely suppressed but currently (again) highly relevant context of eugenics, racial theory and the pursuit of optimization.]

Language: German

Published: Weinheim, Germany: Beltz, 2024

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 978-3-407-25937-0

Abstract/Notes: Artikel ini mengkaji tentang pendidikan anak usia dini berdasarkan pemikiran Montessori. Biografi, kurikulum, metode, lingkungan kelas Montessori menjadi pembahasan dalam artikel ini. Hasil penelitian studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa Montessori merupakan seorang wanita pertama Italia lulusan kedokteran. Montessori tertarik pada studi tentang penyakit mental dan gangguan psikologis terhadap anak. Ia membuka sebuah sekolah dengan murid-muridnya yang cacat mental, hingga ia meneliti bagaimana metode pendidikan untuk anak cacat mental. Montessori berkeyakinan bahwa metode yang telah dilakukannya pada anak cacat mental bisa dilakukan juga pada anak-anak normal. Menurut Montessori rentang usia anak 0 sampai 3 tahun merupakan usia dibawah sadar, dan rentang usia 4 sampai 6 tahun mengalami peningkatan ke usia sadar. Kurikulum Montessori terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu lingkungan praktis, latihan sensorik motorik, dan perkembangan bahasa. Kebebasan, lingkungan yang terstruktur dan teratur merupakan elemen penting dalam metode Montessori. Dan lingkungan kelas Montessori yang terdiri dari prinsip kebebasan, ketertiban, kenyataan dan alam, suasana dan keindahan, bahan-bahan Montessori dan pengembangan kehidupan masyarakat. [This article examines early childhood education based on Montessori thinking. Biography, curriculum, methods, and the Montessori classroom environment are discussed in this article. The results of the literature study showed that Montessori was the first Italian woman to graduate from medicine. Montessori was interested in the study of mental illness and psychological disorders in children. He opened a school with mentally disabled students, so he researched educational methods for mentally disabled children. Montessori believes that the method he has done on mentally disabled children can also be applied to normal children. According to Montessori, the age range of children 0 to 3 years is a subconscious age, and the age range of 4 to 6 years has increased to the conscious age. The Montessori curriculum consists of three parts, namely the practical environment, motor sensory training, and language development. A free, structured and orderly environment is an essential element of the Montessori method. And the Montessori classroom environment which consists of the principles of freedom, order, reality and nature, atmosphere and beauty, Montessori materials and the development of people's lives.]

Language: Indonesian

ISSN: 2599-042X, 2599-0438