Language: French

Published: Paris, France: Académie de Paris, Université Paris VI, 1985

Language: English

Published: Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Association Montessori Internationale, 1939

Language: English

ISSN: 0162-8607

Abstract/Notes: The present study compares elementary school children from Traditional and Montessori programs. The purpose is to investigate how different educational philosophies and teaching methods affect perceived levels of self-esteem, self-efficacy, prosocial behavior and aggressive behavior in children. The participants in this study consisted of second through sixth grade students who were attending Montessori and Traditional schools since the age of five, or earlier. All children completed the Washington Self-Description Questionnaire (WSDQ), three subscales of the Children's Multi-dimensional Self-Efficacy Scales (i.e., academic achievement, self-regulated learning, & social), the Physical and Verbal Aggression Scale, and the Prosocial Behavior Scale. No significant differences were revealed between the Montessori and Traditional programs in relation to the children's perceived levels of self-esteem, self-efficacy for academic achievement, self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, social self-efficacy, or prosocial behavior. However, the Montessori children reported significantly lower levels of physical/verbal aggression than the Traditional children. Moreover, as Montessori children develop a heightened ability to work within a group of peers, they seem to develop lower levels of physical/verbal aggression, which was not found among Traditional children. Furthermore, Montessori children's perceived ability to make and keep friends of the same gender was found to significantly improve with increased years in the program, which was not found in the Traditional method. For Montessori children, their perceived ability to work together in a group was found to be positively associated with heightened levels of self-efficacy for academic achievement and self-efficacy for self-regulated learning. Furthermore, the Montessori children's levels of self-esteem were correlated significantly with their perceived levels of self-efficacy for academic achievement and self-efficacy for self-regulated learning. Although Traditional children were also found to gain self-efficacy for self-regulated learning through working together at young ages, as they proceed to higher grade levels, their self-efficacy for self-regulated learning decreased.

Language: English

Published: San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2002

Abstract/Notes: Early childhood education also known as preschool or pre-primary education is provided in settings such as Nursery schools, Kindergarten, Anganwadis, Montessori schools, etc.  Some are located in the private sector while the Government sponsors some. Pre-primary education is critical for establishing a child's social, emotional, and overall well-being. Typically designed for 3 to 5-year-old children there are varying standards. It is on this foundation that the child's future learning and adaptability are built that it deserves serious attention. The importance of pre-primary education is recognized worldwide nevertheless universal coverage has not been achieved. According to the UNICEF Global Report on Early Childhood Education, which has come recently, world over there were at least 175 million children aged 3 to 6 years old who were not enrolled in school. The early years of a child's life build the basis for lifelong growth, and children who fall behind in these early years often never catch up with their peers, leaving them more likely to drop out of school and fail to reach their full potential. This points to the significance of probing into its causes and reflecting on solutions to overcome them. Going into the causes we find certain factors perpetuating this. Such are Economic backwardness, social backwardness, Institutional backwardness, and Administrative Deficiencies. The former two are pitfalls of a weak institutional system while the latter two reflect an institutional breakdown. Yet there are interlinkages between the two. Economic backwardness arises from the great divide between the rich and the poor and consequent power dynamics leading to increased marginalization of the poor. They lose the capability to encash opportunities for fair standards of living, education, adequate nutrition, appropriate housing, and healthy surroundings. Linked to it is the social backwardness where the morbidity becomes concentrated in the poor. Inadequacy of infrastructure and paucity of teaching-learning methods carefully tailor-made to needs, skilled manpower, motivators, and losing focus are major institutional factors. The state vested with the responsibility to intervene in high-priority areas lagging in progress or developmental needs through special programs and projects time to time suffer pitfalls pointing to administrative deficiencies as systemic factors. This paper attempts to bring out the issues and concerns of pre-primary education from an institutional perspective.

Language: English

DOI: 10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n01.004

ISSN: 2455-3085

Language: French

Published: Paris, France: [Larousse], 1922

Edition: 3rd ed.

Abstract/Notes: In the following contribution it will be shown that and how the theocratic heritage has perpetuated itself in more or less changed form in newer educational theories. Its transformation can be understood as its secularization, which passes on the absolute as epistemological totalitarianism in the form of violence, provided that it was armed with power of action. As examples here serve the multifaceted cultural or humanistic pedagogy ("Kulturpädagogik" or "Geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik" - GP), which is still important today, as well as three important concepts of reform pedagogy (respectively the "New Education Movement"), namely those of Maria Montessori, Rudolf Steiner and Pavel Blonsky.

Language: English

DOI: 10.22309/PTSZEMLE.2018.3.1

ISSN: 2415-9093

Language: English

ISSN: 0002-8304

Language: Hungarian

ISSN: 0025-0260

Abstract/Notes: During the transition period in Hungary the role of the market has become more significant, and several market elements have appeared in education, as well. The growing social demand for schooling resulted in the huge expansion of secondary and higher education. Schools try to match the demand with the supply in a colourful variety of programmes. However, public education in Hungary struggles with very great problems of inequalities.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3435.2006.00247.x

ISSN: 0141-8211