Language: English

Abstract/Notes: This paper aims to inquire about the pedagogy of María Montessori in Argentina from the point of view of the history of education. In order to achieve this goal, the historical sources analyzed were two of the most critical journals in the first half of the 20th century: El Monitor de la Educación Común and La Obra. The first was the official review of the National Education Council, which oversaw Argentinian primary education as a government organ. The second was driven by a group of teachers and was formerly known as the official representation of the New School in Argentina. This investigation looks for marks and hints on the reception among Argentinean teachers of this pedagogy, internationalized since the second decade of the 20th century, over these two journals. As the main contribution, we learn about different ways of appropriation of Montessori’s pedagogy as well as the critics of her proposal and its usage to discuss positions of power in the local pedagogy field.

Language: Spanish

DOI: 10.17227/pys.num58-17331

ISSN: 2500-6436, 0121-2494

Abstract/Notes: Quest’articolo descrive due esperienze molto diverse effettuate in Italia. La prima riguarda l’introduzione di un laboratorio basato sull’uso dei materiali sensoriali Montessori all’Università dell’Immagine di Milano, fondata dal fotografo Fabrizio Ferri, che offriva a creativi di varia provenienza professionale e geografica una formazione post-secondaria biennale, organizzata incinque laboratori, ciascuno dedicato a uno dei cinque sensi, condotto da un docente responsabile. Quello da me condotto aveva il titolo: “Angolo del ristoro sensoriale” ed era trasversale agli altri cinque. La seconda riguarda invece l’utilizzazione di incastri solidi, torre rosa e scala marrone, nel percorso rieducativo di una ragazza di vent’anni, affetta da grave ritardo mentale con tratti autistici. In entrambi i casi i risultati sono stati molto positivi. Nel primo, la percezione sensoriale degli studenti dell’Università dell’Immagine, si è raffinata e perfezionata.Nel secondo, il caso di ritardo mentale con tratti autistici, ha suscitato nella ragazza un interesse che si è esteso all’ambiente esterno e alle persone che interagivano con lei. Ha inoltre migliorato la manualità fine, rendendo più efficaci le indicazioni per svolgere correttamente le mansioni della vita quotidiana nella propria casa, in cui in precedenza aveva scarsissima autonomia. Con lei il percorso Montessori è iniziato in uno studio di musicoterapia e ha interagito con quelle sedute, per proseguire poi a casa sua, con varie attività di vita pratica, volte a migliorare il coordinamento del corpo nello spazio, il coordinamento oculomanuale, i movimenti raffinati delle dita e la discriminazione visiva. Queste attività hanno fatto progredire molto la sua autonomia. / En este trabajo se describen dos experiencias llevadas a cabo en Italia: la introducción de un laboratorio para el uso de los materiales sensoriales Montessori en la Universidad de la Imagen de Milán (UI) que ofrecía a los “creativos” de diversas procedencias profesionales y geográficas la formación postsecundaria según un programa experimental de dos años, organizado en cinco laboratorios, cada uno dedicado a uno de los cinco sentidos. El que yo dirigí se titulaba “Rincón de descanso sensorial” y fue trasversal a los otros cinco. Se denominaba: “Rincón de descanso sensorial” y fue transversal a los otros cinco. El segundo se refiere al uso de encajes sólidos, torre rosa y escalera marrón, en la rehabilitación de una chica de veintiún años, que sufría un retraso mental severo con rasgos autistas. En ambos casos los resultados fueron muy positivos: las percepciones sensoriales de los estudiantes de la UI se han afinado y perfeccionado; la introducción de los materiales en la rehabilitación sensorial de la chica ha despertado un interés que se ha extendido al entorno externo y a las personas que interactuaban con ella. También ha mejorado los movimientos finos de los dedos, lo cual le facilita llevar a cabo las tareas de la vida cotidiana, en la que antes tenían muy poca autonomía. Con ella el proceso Montessori comenzó en un estudio de musicoterapia, para seguir a continuación en su casa, con varias actividades de la vida práctica, para mejorar la coordinación del cuerpo en el espacio, la coordinación óculo-manual, la motricidad de los dedos y la discriminación visual. Estas actividades han mejorado su autonomía. / This paper deals with two different experiences carried out in Italy. The first concerns a Sensorial Materials workshop, which I directed in Milano at the University of Image (UI) founded by photographer Fabrizio Ferri. UI offered a post-secondary education to creative professionals, from various backgrounds and geographical areas, according to a two-year experimental program, organized in five workshops, each of them dedicated to one of the five senses and directed by a professional of the field. My workshop title was: “The corner of sensory relief” and interacted with the other five. The second relates to the use of solid insets, pink tower and brown stairs for the rehabilitation of a twenty-one years-old girl, who suffered from severe mental retardation with some autistic features. In both cases the results were very positive. In the first one, the sensory perceptions of UI students have been refined and perfected; in the second, the girl affected by mental retardation showed a great interest in the above-quoted materials. The girl has spread her interest to external environment and to the people who interacted with her. The fine movements of her fingers were also enhanced, allowing her to perform various tasks in her daily life, which previously she was unable to carry out. Her Montessori rehabilitation began during some music therapy sessions. Then it was carried out at home, where various Practical life activities were introduced. Thanks to them she improved her body coordination in space, her eye-hand coordination and visual discrimination. These activities strengthen considerably her autonomy

Language: Italian

ISSN: 2255-0666

Language: English

Published: Chicago, Ill.: Virginia B. Fleege, 1987

Abstract/Notes: <正> 意大利女教育家,蒙台梭利法的创始人。作为意大利女性,最初毕业于罗马大学医学系,后到法国钻研特殊儿童的治疗。1899年任国立异常儿童学校校长,1909年任罗马大学讲师。1907年在罗马贫民街开设“幼儿之家”,采用自己考察的教育法,引起了世界的注目。她在人类学、生理学、异常心理学等领域潜心钻研,积累了实践经验,充分有效地利用

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 1671-1610

Abstract/Notes: È noto quanto Maria Montessori fosse esigente nei confronti del maestro. In questo articolo si presenta la sua visione delle caratteristiche che devono animare il «nuovo Maestro» per consentire «al bambino nuovo» di potersi sviluppare in modo armonioso ed equilibrato. Dato che la peculiarità della pedagogia montessoriana è cambiare la modalità relazionale tra l’adulto e il bambino, sono messi in risalto alcuni aspetti concreti e universali condivisibili da tutti gli insegnanti. Questi possono essere applicati ovunque e possono anche facilitare la didattica, anche senza applicare tutto il Metodo Montessori, giacché l’autoeducazione del bambino è legata all’autodisciplina dell’adulto. Per formare i maestri Maria Montessori aveva scelto di organizzare i Corsi internazionali di formazione che duravano diversi mesi. Per chiarire gli elementi essenziali, vengono studiate le conferenze riguardo al nuovo maestro pronunciate durante questi corsi. Da esse vengono ricavati i tre livelli di formazione: materiale, scientifica e spirituale. Alcuni aspetti imprescindibili vengono più approfonditi, quali lo spogliarsi dei preconcetti, il cambiare le attitudini morali e l’essere un’osservatore gioioso, aspetti che la Montessori considerava essenziali per risolvere il problema dell’educazione. Basandosi anche su alcuni racconti di allieve, sono proposte alcune modalità scelte da Hélène Lubienska de Lenval durante il suo Cours Pédagogique, e sono presentate alcune scelte pedagogiche di Adele Costa Gnocchi, che aprirà la Scuola Assistenti all’Infanzia dove saranno approfondite le intuizioni della Montessori per il bambino piccolo fino a tre anni. / Es conocido lo exigente que Maria Montessori ha sido en relación a los maestros. En este artículo se presenta su visión de las características que debería poseer el “nuevo maestro” para permitir al “nuevo niño” desarrollarse de manera armoniosa y equilibrada. Considerando que la finalidad de la pedagogía montessoriana es cambiar la modalidad de interacción entre el adulto y el niño, se pueden destacar algunos aspectos concretos y universales que puedan compartir por todos los maestros. Sin necesidad de aplicar completamente el Método Montessori, estos elementos pueden ser útiles en todo tipo de circunstancia y facilitar la didáctica, puesto che la autoeducación del niño depende de la autodisciplina del adulto. Para formar a los maestros, Maria Montessori decidió organizar los cursos internacionales de formación con una duración de varios meses. Para aclarar los aspectos esenciales, en este artículo se toman en consideración las conferencias relativas al “nuevo maestro” que se pronunciaron en estos cursos. A partir de ellas se pueden derivar los tres niveles de formación: material, científica y espiritual. Se profundiza sobre algunos aspectos fundamentales como liberarse de los prejuicios, cambiar la actitud moral y ser un alegre y atento observador, aspectos que Maria Montessori consideraba primordiales para resolver el problema de la educación. Basándose en algunos relatos de sus alumnas, también se exponen algunas modalidades adoptadas por Hélène Lubienska de Lenval presentadas durante su Cours Pédagogique y además se presentan algunas opciones pedagógicas de Adele Costa Gnocchi, que abrirá la Escuela de Asistentes de la Infancia donde se estudiará a profundidad la visión de Maria Montessori para el niño pequeño, hasta los tres años de edad. / It is well known how much Maria Montessori demanded of teachers. This article presents her vision of the characteristics which should animate the “new teacher” in order to allow the development of the “new child” in a harmonious and balanced manner. Given that the goal of the Montessori pedagogy is to change the manner of relating between adult and child, some concrete and universal characteristics are highlighted which are common to all teachers. Even without applying the entire Montessori methodology, these elements can be useful in all circumstances and can facilitate teaching, given that the self education of the child is linked to the self discipline of the adult. To train teachers, Maria Montessori chose to organize international training courses lasting several months. To clarify the essential elements, the conferences regarding the topic of the new teacher during these training courses are presented here. These elements are divided into three levels of training: the material level, the scientific level, and the spiritual level. Some essential aspects are covered in depth, such as the denuding of preconceptions; changing of moral attitudes; being a joyful observer; all approaches that Maria Montessori considered essential to solve the problem of education. Finally, on the basis of stories of students, there are presented some methods chosen by Helene Lubienska de Lenval taken from her Cours Pedagogique, and some pedagogical methods taken from Adele Costa Gnocchi, who will open the Scuola Assistenti all’Infanzia, where they will delve deeper into Montessori insights regarding the small child up to three years of age.

Language: Italian

ISSN: 2255-0666

Language: English

ISSN: 1054-0040

Abstract/Notes: During the past ten years, a total of 3,642 teachers and administrators have attended the Korean Montessori Teacher Training Program (KMTTP). A sample of Montessori teachers (n = 261) and Korean parents (n = 375) from 32 Korean Montessori schools located in the major cities of Korea were surveyed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this teacher preparation program. The EXPECTATIONS AND GOAL ATTAINMENT QUESTIONNAIRE (EGAQ), designed by the researcher, was the instrumentation used to conduct this study. Major findings demonstrated that 74.5 percent of the teachers surveyed indicated that their main reasons for attending the KMTTP were to increase their professional competency and their knowledge of child development through Montessori philosophy. The correlation between teachers' levels of satisfaction with their preparation and perceived effectiveness of the training program was higher (r =.29, p $<$.05) than between their levels of satisfaction with the program and their perceptions of their preparedness after completion of training (r =.18, p $<$.05). Significant differences existed between perceived effectiveness of the KMTTP and teachers' ages, positions, and years of experience. Older teachers and those with more advanced teaching positions expressed greater satisfaction with the program. Teachers indicated that, upon completion of the KMTTP, they felt more prepared in, than knowledgeable of, Montessori educational methodology. From the parent perspective, the most frequently cited reason (74.3%) for sending their child to a Montessori School was to provide a learning environment that nurtured their child's interpersonal growth. A majority of the parents (58.5%) were very satisfied with the Montessori experience; no parents were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied. In correlating the effectiveness of Montessori education with specific outcomes, parents indicated highest levels of satisfaction in the areas of "concentration" and "academic achievement." A majority of the teachers surveyed (52.8%) encouraged the implementation of the Montessori Teacher Training Program in neighboring countries, with 42.1 percent strongly encouraging implementation. This study demonstrated the need for further development and improvement in the area of Montessori teacher training in Korea.

Language: English

Published: San Francisco, California, 1994

Language: English

ISSN: 0065-9444

Abstract/Notes: The cover of this issue is incorrectly numbered "132" - this is issue number 134.

Language: French