Abstract/Notes: The aim of the pilot project was to research relationships between the occurrence and level of intensity of primitive reflexes in primary school children, the ability to read an analogue clock and to tell the time. A group of 28 children (14 girls and 14 boys) who attended Montessori Primary School was examined. In the first stage, participants were assessed for the presence of five primitive reflexes (PR): the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR), symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR), spinal Galant reflex, tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) and Palmar grasp reflex. Romberg’s test was employed to identify signs of difficulties with control of balance and/or proprioception. In the second stage, pupils underwent tests that challenged their ability to read a clock and calculate passing time. After summing up points obtained for all tests, a correlation coefficient was made from which the results were derived. There is a negative correlation between the ability to read an analogue clock and the continued presence of some primitive reflexes. Lower neuromotor maturity (higher points of PR) correlates with lower ability to read a clock. The highest correlations between difficulty with telling the time were found with persistence of the STNR, ATNR and Romberg’s test.

Language: English

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032322

ISSN: 1660-4601

Abstract/Notes: In the article the author invites readers to initiate a certain mode of reading that – inspired by Agamben and Holmes – is called heretical reading. Following the latter, the article suggests that it is important to read Montessori in a heretical way in order to keep this idea open and “alive”. This mode of reading demands constant attempts of playing with the pillars or the main categories of this educational approach. The article is divided into three sections. The first part refers to the socio-historical context of Montessori writings and their reception in Poland. The second part problematizes the issue of dogmatisation and privatization of the knowledge on Montessori and thus making it difficult for the heretical reading to come into being. The last part is devoted to the preliminary sketch of the idea of heretical reading. Following Bourdieu and Agamben the author presents the mode of play – conceived of as an “unappropriate” use of a certain Thing – as a possible initiation of the intellectual experiment that can be called a heretical reading.

Language: English

DOI: 10.26881/pwe.2022.55.08

ISSN: 1734-1582, 2451-2230

Abstract/Notes: This article demonstrates how feminist posthumanism can reconfigure conceptualisations of, and practices with, ‘child’ in Montessori early childhood contexts. It complicates Montessori’s contemporary reputation as a ‘middle-class phenomenon’ by returning to the earliest Montessori schools as a justice-oriented project for working-class children and families. Grappling with the contradictions and inconsistencies of Montessori thought, this article acknowledges the legacy of Montessori’s feminism while also situating her project within the wider colonial capitalist context in which it emerged. A critical engagement with Montessori education unsettles modernist conceptualisations of ‘child’ and its civilising agenda on minds and bodies. Specifically, Montessori child observation (as a civilising mission) is disrupted and reread from a feminist posthumanist orientation to generate more relational, queer and expansive accounts of how ‘child’ is produced through observation. Working with three ‘encounters’ from fieldwork at a Montessori nursery, the authors attend to the material-discursive affective manifestation of social class, gender, sexuality and ‘race’, and what that means for child figurations in Montessori contexts. They conclude by embracing Snaza’s ‘bewildering education’ to reach towards different imaginaries of ‘child’ that are not reliant on dialectics of ‘human’ and ‘non-human’, and that allow ‘child’ to be taken seriously, without risking erasure of fleshy, leaky, porous, codified bodies in Montessori spaces.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1177/14639491221117222

ISSN: 1463-9491

Abstract/Notes: The article analyses the factors that impacted the appearance of a new pedagogy in reading in the first third of the 20th century in Catalonia. Apart from the outstanding figures such as Pere Vergés, Artur Martorell or Anna Rubiés other factors determined and contributed to spreading the didactic and methodological proposals that would make up a new pedagogy of reading, based on the New School movement. The establishment of the network of public and school libraries, the emergence of large publishing houses specialising in children’s books, the whole generation of teachers who took up the challenge of renewing the school and, also, the institutional boost from the two periods of self-government, in times of the Catalan Commonwealth and during the Republican Government of Catalonia, made the transformation possible. / L’article analitza els factors que incidiren en l’aparició d’una nova pedagogia de la lectura en el primer terç del segle XX a Catalunya. A banda de figures destacades com Pere Vergés, Artur Martorell o Anna Rubiés, altres factors van determinar i contribuir a difondre les propostes didàctiques i metodològiques que anirien configurant una nova pedagogia de la lectura a partir del moviment de l’Escola Nova. La implantació de la xarxa de biblioteques populars i escolars, l’eclosió de grans editorials especialitzades en llibres per a infants, tota la generació de mestres que assumia el repte de renovar l’escola i, també, l’impuls institucional dels dos períodes d’autogovern, en temps de la Mancomunitat i durant la Generalitat republicana, van fer possible la transformació. / El artículo analiza los factores que incidieron en la aparición de una nueva pedagogía de la lectura durante el primer tercio del siglo XX en Cataluña. Al lado de figuras destacadas como Pere Vergés, Artur Martorell o Anna Rubiés, otros factores fueron determinantes y contribuyeron a difundir las propuestas didácticas y metodológicas que aportaron elementos decisivos en la configuración de una nueva pedagogía de la lectura a partir del movimiento de la Escuela Nueva. La implantación de la red de bibliotecas escolares y populares, el auge de grandes editoriales especializadas en la edición de libros infantiles, el trabajo de toda una generación de maestros y maestras que asumieron el reto de renovar la escuela y, también, el impulso institucional de los dos periodos de autogobierno, durante la Mancomunidad de Cataluña (1914-23) y la Generalitat de la Segunda República (1931-39), hicieron posible esta transformación.

Language: Catalan

DOI: 10.2436/e&h.v0i22.75256

ISSN: 2013-9632, 1134-0258

Abstract/Notes: Alternative education methods which occured as a reaction to the traditional education systems are approaches that are child centered and that focus on practical learning and accept each child as a unique individual. Montessori Method, one of the alternative education approaches, differs from other alternative education methods by being an approach giving maximum freedom to the child, reflects the education principles not only to the education method but also to the physical environment of the child, and advocates that the strongest relationship in education is established between the child and the environment. This study, in which the main principles of Montessori Method were determined via conceptual analysis, aims to examine the effects and reflections of generated concepts on space organization. For this purpose, five Montessori schools from different countries, designed by different architects in different years, which can be reached through visual, written, and drawn documents are discussed. / Geleneksel eğitim sistemine tepki olarak ortaya çıkan alternatif eğitim metotları, özgürlükçü, çocuk odaklı, deneysel öğretimi esas alan ve her çocuğu ayrı bir birey olarak kabul eden yaklaşımlar olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu alternatif eğitim yaklaşımlarından biri olan Montessori Metodu ise, çocuğa maksimum bağımsızlık veren, eğitim ilkelerini sadece eğitim yöntemine değil, çocuğun fiziksel çevresine de yansıtan ve eğitimdeki en güçlü ilişkinin çocuk ile ortam arasında kurulduğunu savunan bir yaklaşım olmasıyla diğer alternatif eğitim metotlarından ayrılmaktadır. Montessori Metodu’nun temel değerlerinin kavramsal analiz yoluyla belirlendiği çalışma kapsamında, oluşturulan kavramların mekân örgütlenmesi üzerindeki etkilerinin ve yansımalarının irdelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla alanyazında yer alan, görsel, yazılı ve çizili belgelerine ulaşılabilen, farklı ülkelerde bulunan, farklı yıllarda ve mimarlar tarafından yapılmış olan beş adet Montessori okulu ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen kavramların bu okullar üzerinden okuması yapılarak eğitim yöntemi ile eğitim mekânı arasında güçlü bir ilişkinin olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Language: Turkish

DOI: 10.20488/sanattasarim.830694

ISSN: 2146-9059

Language: Spanish

ISSN: 0210-8348

Language: English

ISSN: 0010-700X

Language: English

ISSN: 0010-700X

Language: English

ISSN: 1071-6246

Language: English

ISSN: 1071-6246