Abstract/Notes: Nel panorama pedagogico italiano del XX secolo Maria Montessori è stata tra le figure femminili più interessanti. Ha interpretato con cura e perspicacia la figura del bambino, chiarendo il ruolo significativo che l’ambiente riveste nella sua formazione cognitiva ed emotiva e della sua mente “assorbente”. Punto di partenza dei suoi studi è stato Il metodo della pedagogia scientifica (1909), da cui è emerso in maniera evidente che la scienza doveva studiare il processo di formazione della personalità del bambino nella sua interazione sociale. La Montessori, ha rivendicato i diritti dell’infanzia di fronte al mondo degli adulti, evidenziando l’antico errore, dal punto di vista psicologico ed educativo, di far assumere al bambino atteggiamenti e abiti mentali che non siano conformi alla sua natura di bambino. A tal scopo, la studiosa organizzò il suo l’ambiente educativo, cioè la scuola dell’infanzia, come un luogo ideale in cui il bambino, in piena libertà di azione e opportunamente stimolato, potesse fare le sue esperienze formative. Una rilettura del pensiero di Maria Montessori ha reso possibile alcuni riscontri con problematiche pedagogiche attuali che hanno avuto riflessi nella Pedagogia contemporanea, per esempio, il rapporto tra ambiente e educazione, l’organizzazione del processo di insegnamento-apprendimento, l’uso di procedure, di tecniche e di materiali relativi ad un intervento pedagogico vero e proprio. [In the Italian pedagogical panorama of the twentieth century, Maria Montessori was among the most interesting female figures. She has interpreted the figure of the child with care and insight, clarifying the significant role that the environment plays in her cognitive and emotional formation and in her "absorbing" mind. The starting point of her studies was The Method of Scientific Pedagogy (1909), from which it emerged clearly that science had to study the process of formation of the child's personality in its social interaction. Montessori claimed the rights of childhood in front of the adult world, highlighting the ancient error, from a psychological and educational point of view, of making the child assume attitudes and mental habits that do not conform to her child's nature. For this purpose, the scholar organized her educational environment, that is the kindergarten, as an ideal place where the child, in full freedom of action and appropriately stimulated, could have his educational experiences. A re-reading of Maria Montessori's thought has made possible some feedbacks with current pedagogical problems that have had repercussions in contemporary Pedagogy, for example, the relationship between environment and education, the organization of the teaching-learning process, the use of procedures, of techniques and materials related to a real pedagogical intervention.]

Language: Spanish

DOI: 10.14516/fde.2015.013.018.002

ISSN: 1698-7802

Abstract/Notes: This research carried out in order to reveal the Italian researcher Maria Montessori’s understanding on the characteristics of early childhood period has been prepared as an edited work. In this study, the results of the scientific researches given reference or done by Montessori on the nature of the child were given place. In this respect the study sets forth Montessori’s understanding concerning the characteristics of the early childhood period under the light of scientific data. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research, it was seen that childhood period is a phase with distinctive characteristics and that children have many extraordinary and temporary skills. However, childhood period is generally perceived by adults only as a transitional period. Within this context, adults and educators were given recommendations. / İtalyan araştırmacı Maria Montessori’nin erken çocukluk döneminin özelliklerine ilişkin anlayışını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılan bu araştırma, derleme biçiminde yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada çocuğun doğasına ilişkin Montessori’nin atıfta bulunduğu ve bizzat kendisinin yaptığı bilimsel araştırmaların sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Çalışma bu yönüyle Montessori’nin erken çocukluk döneminin özelliklerine ilişkin anlayışını bilimsel verilerin ışığında ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, çocukluk döneminin kendine özgü özellikleri olan bir evre olduğu ve çocukların çok sayıda olağanüstü ve geçici yeteneklere sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Oysa çocukluk dönemi genellikle yetişkinler tarafından sadece bir geçiş aşaması olarak algılanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yetişkinlere ve eğitimcilere önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Language: Turkish

ISSN: 1305-0060

Abstract/Notes: This speech was delivered on September 28, 1957 at the 11th International Montessori Congress (Rome, Italy).

Language: Italian

Published: Roma, Italy: Vita dell'infanzia, 1959

Language: German

ISSN: 0513-9066

Language: Spanish

ISSN: 0304-310X, 1564-0590

Language: Italian

Published: Firenze: Giunti-Bemporad Marzocco, 1970

Language: German

Published: Berlin, Germany, 1961

Abstract/Notes: The complex history of Montessori’s Method spreading in the United States was signed by some misunderstandings connected with the reform of the american education system. The Method wasn’t understood in its specificity, but it appeared, in the same time, an alternative or an application of the tradition of Froebel’s Kindergarten. In those years the American pedagogical reflection tried to create an alternative to the continental tradition. For this reason the Progressive Education critized Montessori (i.e. Kilpatrick) for her spiritual and metaphysical premises but this movement couldn’t realize this project and it was inevitably connected with the tradition of European Activism.

Language: Italian

ISSN: 2039-4039

Language: German

ISSN: 0944-2537

Language: Italian

Published: Firenze: Giunti-Bemporad Marzocco, 1970