Abstract/Notes: In accordance with the constructivist concept of didactics, the teacher’s duty is to support students in acquiring tools for understanding the world and building resources of their own knowledge and skills. On the other hand, the task of education is to help each individual in developing his ability to become a holistic human being, not just a tool for economics. The charge directed most often towards the Polish school is failure to perform this task, which is manifested by the poor preparation of young people to live and work, to the development challenges, but also the threats of the modern world. It is worth looking for solutions that will create opportunities for children and young people to develop according to their abilities. One of such solutions has the pedagogy of Maria Montessori emphasizing the importance of the child’s activity in the process of learning. The article compared briefly the hebratism with the trend of “new upbringing” to which Maria Montessori’s pedagogy is included, and further considerations have been referred to the modern knowledge of how the brain is taught. / W myśl konstruktywistycznej koncepcji dydaktyki powinnością nauczyciela jest wspieranie uczniów w zdobywaniu przez nich narzędzi poznania i rozumienia świata oraz budowaniu zasobów własnej wiedzy i umiejętności. Zadaniem edukacji jest natomiast pomoc każdej jednostce w rozwijaniu zdolności w stawaniu się całościowym bytem ludzkim, a nie jedynie narzędziem dla ekonomii. Zarzutem kierowanym najczęściej w kierunku polskiej szkoły jest niewywiązywanie się z tego zadania, co przejawia się słabym przygotowaniem młodych ludzi do życia i pracy, do wyzwań rozwojowych, ale i zagrożeń współczesnego świata. Warto poszukiwać takich rozwiązań, które stworzą dzieciom i młodzieży możliwość rozwoju na miarę ich możliwości. Jednym z takich rozwiązań dysponuje pedagogika Marii Montessori, podkreślając znaczenie aktywności dziecka w procesie jego uczenia się. W artykule krótko porównano hebratyzm z nurtem „nowego wychowania”, do którego zaliczana jest pedagogika Marii Montessori, a dalsze rozważania odniesione zostały do współczesnej wiedzy o tym, jak uczy się mózg.

Language: Polish

DOI: 10.15584/eti.2018.1.35

ISSN: 2080-9069, 2450-9221

Language: English

ISSN: 1071-6246

Language: German

Published: [Wien, Austria]: [s.n.], 1996

Language: Italian

Published: [Bologna, Italy]: Opera Nazionale Montessori, 1989

Language: German

Language: German

Published: Heidelberg, Germany: Schindele, 1993

Edition: 2nd. ed.

ISBN: 3-89149-118-2

Series: Arbeitshefte zur heilpädagogischen Übungsbehandlung , 3

Abstract/Notes: The penetration of Maria Montessori’s ideas in Switzerland is a typical case of a pedagogical transfer process. Since 1908, when the kindergarten inspector of Canton Ticino (italianspeaking Switzerland) Teresa Bontempi came in direct contact with Maria Montessori, there was a Montessori-network based on Ticino’s kindergarten system and on the Società Umanitaria (a socialist philanthropic foundation which organised the first Montessori-kindergartens in Milan). Teresa Bontempi’s early contacts with the Società Umanitaria made possible the introduction of Montessori’s method in all kindergartens in Ticino, and allowed the Umanitaria to have a good training for its kindergarten-teachers (trained by Teresa Bontempi herself). In 1913 the Institut Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Geneva) joined the network. People moved then between different parts of the network, e.g. from the Institut Jean-Jacques Rousseau to Teresa Bontempi’s courses in Bellinzona (Ticino), or from Ticino to the Umanitaria’s kindergartens in Italy. The network extended its influence also to german-speaking Switzerland. Maria Montessori herself was in direct contact with the network; in different moments, however, her attitude towards it changed deeply. In a first time, for example, she considered Teresa Bontempi a trustful partner for the penetration of her ideas in Switzerland; later she considered her a concurrent and blamed her for not using with fidelity the Montessori method. In 1932 Maria Montessori visited Switzerland for several public lessons, totally neglecting her consolidated local network. In the same year she founded, with the help of other, more orthodox but not locally anchored people, the Swiss Montessori Association. The Montessori method, after having a big number of followers, was soon marginalized and never regained the importance it had in the period from 1908 to 1931.

Language: English

ISSN: 1723-9672, 2612-6559

Language: English

ISSN: 1071-6246

Language: Korean

ISSN: 1226-9417

Abstract/Notes: This study deals with the psycho-social rehabilitation in Montessori education system which centered on Montessori s theoretical background principles and model of psycho-social rehabilitation in Montessori method. The psycho-social rehabilitation principles in Montessori education method focused on the normalization theory, self-correctional education, the theory of individualized education, activities of daily living and occupational training. The basic reality of these enable social integration of disabled children. The Montessori Education is a practical educational method. This is applicable to both disabled and normal children alike, and suggests integrated education models for handicapped children. Montessori s methods are applied to all field of the children with physical or mental problems and emphasize social behavior with help and cooperation, personal growth, social maturity, independence and responsibility.

Language: Korean

ISSN: 1738-5563