Abstract/Notes: This article concentrates on the importance attributed to music education by three Italian educationalists (Rosa Agazzi, Giuseppina Pizzigoni, Maria Montessori) who, at the turn of the 20th century, despite their different didactic experiences, regarded it as an essential part of an education blueprint for citizenship, starting as early as childhood. / Il contributo si sofferma sull’importanza assegnata all’educazione musicale da parte di tre educatrici italiane (Rosa Agazzi, Giuseppina Pizzigoni, Maria Montessori) che, con l’avvento del Novecento, pur nelle loro differenti esperienze didattiche, la considerano una componente fondamentale nell’ambito di un percorso di educazione alla cittadinanza, a partire dall’età infantile.

Language: Italian

DOI: 10.6092/issn.2039-9715/7613

ISSN: 2039-9715

Abstract/Notes: In six brief chapters, mixed-age grouping of young children in schools and child care centers is explored and advocated. Chapter 1 defines mixed-age grouping, examines limitations of single-age grouping, and points out positive characteristics of mixed-age classes. Chapter 2 discusses social development as seen in children's interactions in mixed-age groups. Various studies are cited that focus on how children perceive one another and adapt their behavior and expectations accordingly, how children exhibit specific prosocial behaviors in mixed-age situations, and how children's group participation varies. Chapter 3 reviews studies on the cognitive effects of mixed-age grouping, concluding that psychologists and educators do not yet fully understand how mixed-age interaction affects cognitive development, and calling for more research on the interactive processes involved and the teacher's role in them. Chapter 4 discusses two strategies for mixed-age learning: peer tutoring and cooperative learning. Chapter 5 describes examples of successful implementation of mixed-age programs, including a 2-year kindergarten at the University of Northern Iowa's Malcolm Price Laboratory School, and the Fajans School in Sweden where elementary school-age children were not grouped by age or ability. Chapter 6 addresses four basic questions about implementing mixed-age grouping. A brief section giving conclusions and recommendations is provided, followed by 63 bibliographic citations and appended suggestions for teachers working with mixed-age groups.

Language: English

Published: Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1990

ISBN: 0-935989-31-5

Series: NAEYC , 333

Abstract/Notes: Paper presented at the 18th International Montessori Congress in Munich, Germany, July, 1977.

Language: English

ISSN: 0277-9064

Language: English

Abstract/Notes: Montessori established, in 1907, in Rome, a public school to children at risk, The Casa dei Bambini, which since then preserve the Montessori method characteristics, advocating the integral education based on freedom, action and on the individuality. For approximately four decades, Montessori researched about Children development, whose results were spread abroad, defining practices and innovative educational thoughts grounded on the relationship between teacher, the student and the learning environment advancing peace, self-education, self-correction with autonomy in sight, mutual respect, critic and the scientific spirit. The Objective of this study is the Montessori method establishment in Brazil, on the chronologic aspect along the first five decades from the last century. It?s a biographical research and documentary with a historical focus. The analysis is grounded in Certeau (2014), Chartier(2010) e Magalhães(2004). Objective: Recognize the formulation of the Montessori method in projects of its establishment in Brazil between 1914-1952; To Problematize political conditions, social, economical and cultural to set up the Montessori method in Brazil and its Educational applicability, questioning the reductionist mode relating to its use as specific materials and its adequate child-sized furniture. It has been verified that The First Montessori-based in Brazil served the children?s audience, in São Paulo, in the year of 1915, coming from the American strand, in a private enterprise of Ciridião Buarque e Mary Buarque. Such pedagogy irradiated by the mediation of these appropriation and representations made by teachers of the Escola Normal da Praça. São Paulo possessed, since 1924, laws that indicated the use of Montessori and Froebel?s course-ware, mas in a inarticulate way to the pedagogical principles. In Paraná, the Montessori-based education was established in the child education legislation in 1915 and investments were performed in 1924, when Lysímaco Costa acquired the ?montesorri layettes? to 4 Kindergarden. In Curitiba, in 1927, at the First National Conference of The Brazilian Association of Education (ABE), were presented thesis with Montessori bases. Still in Paraná, at the end of 40s, the method utilization occurred in the public education in the Preschool Program and Primary School and in 1952 was opened in Curitiba The Rural Montessori Experimental School to primary school, by the enterprise of Eny Caldeira.Piper Borges de Lacerda and Eny Caldeira speeches, whom realized in 1950 a course with Montessori in Perugia.In 1927, in Bahia, were realized vacation courses to teachers complementary training which were disseminated by the teacher of the Normal School of Salvador the Montessori concepts and the course-ware new meanings to the child education such as primary education. The matters discussed in these courses were spread by pedagogical magazines. In 1924, Alípio Franca translated The Method of Scientific Pedagogy applied to the Child Education at the Boys? House. In Rio de Janeiro, course-wares and parts of Montessori method were spread to Children education by education law, in 1921 and in 1929. Evidences of the Montessori use in perspective non-restricted to materials were found in children radio shows performed by Mary Buarque, in São Paulo, from 1936, whereupon self-education, the independence, the knowledge of child development phases, the singers freedom movement and the minimal intervention of the adult tutor made part of the proposal. In a mystic perspective, there was a link with the method and the social and theosophic assistance, in the 50 decade, disseminating in Rio de Janeiro and Paraná, by Piper Lacerda Borges and his husband. In the reuse given to the Agostinho da Silva method, also in the 1950, were present in the some universities creations, such as the Federal University of Santa Catarina as well from Paraíba and The University of Brasilia. Concluded that between 1914 and 1952, the establishment process of the Montessori method in Brazil was lead by several different individuals, from different parts of the country, with appropriations and personal representations. / Montessori constituiu, em 1907, em Roma, uma escola pública para crianças em situação de risco, a Casa dei Bambini, embasada numa educação integral alicerçada na liberdade, na atividade e na individualidade. Durante aproximadamente quatro décadas, Montessori realizou pesquisas sobre o desenvolvimento infantil, cujos resultados foram difundidos transnacionalmente, configurando práticas e pensamento educacional inovadores fundamentados na relação entre o professor, o aluno e um ambiente de aprendizagem promotor da paz, da autoeducação, da autonomia, do respeito ao outro e do espírito científico e crítico. Com isso, também empreendeu uma didática para professores e a venda em série dos materiais que idealizou. O objeto desta narrativa historiográfica respaldada em Certeau (2014), Chartier (2010) e Magalhães (2004) foi a institucionalização do Método Montessori no Brasil, no âmbito cronológico das cinco primeiras décadas do século passado. Objetivou: reconhecer as formulações teóricas que permitiram identificar a origem do Método Montessori e cotejá-las com os projetos brasileiros desenvolvidos entre 1914-1952 apontando permanências e contribuições à educação brasileira; historicizar o processo de institucionalização da Pedagogia montessoriana no Brasil; problematizar a sua forma de apropriação na Educação Infantil e Ensino Primário, identificando por que o método é relacionado principalmente ao uso de materiais didáticos específicos e de mobiliário adequado ao tamanho das crianças. Foi constatado que a primeira escola montessoriana no Brasil, proveniente da vertente educacional estadunidense, atendeu ao público infantil, em São Paulo, no ano de 1915, num investimento particular de Ciridião Buarque e Mary Buarque. Esta pedagogia se irradiou por intermédio das apropriações realizadas pelos docentes da Escola Normal da Praça, em São Paulo, estado que possuía, desde 1924, legislação que indicava o uso de materiais didáticos de Montessori e de Froebel, mas de forma desarticulada dos princípios pedagógicos. No Paraná, a educação montessoriana foi institucionalizada na legislação educacional da Pré-escola em 1915 e investimentos foram realizados em 1924, quando Lysímaco Costa adquiriu os ?enxovais montessorianos? para quatro Jardins de Infância. Em Curitiba, em 1927, durante a Primeira Conferência Nacional da Associação Brasileira de Educação (ABE) foram apresentadas teses com base montessoriana. Ainda no Paraná, no final da década de 1940, a utilização do método ocorreu no ensino público no Programa da Pré-escola e do Ensino Primário e em 1952 foi inaugurada a Escola Experimental Montessoriana Rural para crianças do Ensino Primário, por iniciativa de Eny Caldeira. Ela e Piper de Lacerda Borges, presidente da Associação Montessori do Brasil, fizeram curso com Montessori, na Itália, em 1951. Já na Bahia, em 1927, efetivaram-se cursos de férias para formação de professores durante os quais foram disseminadas pelos docentes da Escola Normal de Salvador concepções montessorianas e a ressignificação dos materiais, tanto para a Pré-escola como para o Ensino Primário. O teor destes cursos foi divulgado por revistas pedagógicas. No mesmo local, em 1924, Alípio Franca traduziu o Livro Pedagogia Científica. No Rio de Janeiro, materiais e frações do método montessoriano se disseminaram para a Educação Infantil por meio da legislação educacional, em 1921 e em 1929. Evidências da utilização do Método Montessori em perspectiva não restrita ao uso de materiais didáticos foram encontradas nos programas infantis radiofônicos realizados por Mary Buarque, em São Paulo, a partir de 1936; no vínculo do método com a assistência social e teosófica, na década de 1950, disseminado por Piper de Lacerda Borges; no reuso dado ao método pelo lusitano Agostinho da Silva, também nos anos 1950, na criação de algumas universidades. Conclui-se que, entre 1914 e 1952, o processo de institucionalização do método Montessori no Brasil foi capitaneado por diversos sujeitos, em diferentes lugares do país, com apropriações e representações.

Language: Portuguese

Published: Florianópolis, Brazil, 2017

Abstract/Notes: This study was designed to explore the role of educational evaluation in three selected Montessori elementary classrooms; to characterize educational evaluation in these three classrooms in terms of an educational philosophical orientation and an evaluation model; and to analyze critically and interpret the observed role of educational evaluation within the framework of Montessori philosophy and methods. Three classrooms (two kindergarten-first and one second-third grade class) from two Montessori schools in the Newark-Wilmington, Delaware area comprised the sample of the study. Following a pilot study, arrangements were made to interview parents, teachers, and students. Other sources of data included 60 hours of classroom observation and three questionnaires that focused on educational philosophy and evaluation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the classrooms, but the emphasis was on the former approaches, such as observation and questioning. Problem-solving techniques were used, especially with regard to social conflicts. The instructional programs and evaluation primarily were individualized. The observed evaluative practices were consistent with Montessori philosophy and represented a logical outgrowth of the Montessori method. Evaluation was carried out in a positive, supportive way that focused on the individuals; however, the well-being of the class was also important. The observed evaluative practices observed were indicative of a liberal philosophical orientation. Reasons for this assessment include the emphasis on problem-solving, the importance of the individual and of the group as a social collective, the use of non-testing evaluation practices, the individualized nature of the evaluation activities, and the guiding/collaborative nature of the teacher's role. Quantitative methods were used, but served to confirm observations gathered by less formal means. For both teachers and children, the approach to evaluation was an individualized one. An aspect common to both teachers and children was the understanding and appreciation of others as individuals. Teachers sought information on which they could make decisions regarding individuals and the class as a social unit. Students were encouraged to become independent by learning how to evaluate their own work, to become their own best critics.

Language: English

Published: Newark, Delaware, 1989

Language: Korean

ISSN: 1226-9417

Language: English

Published: Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1978

ISBN: 978-0-313-20309-1 0-313-20309-1

Series: Contributions in Women's Studies , 3

Language: English

ISSN: 1054-0040

Language: English