Language: English

ISSN: 0013-175X

Abstract/Notes: Language has a noteworthy role in the cognitive development and social ability of an individual. However, a delay in language could affect an individual ability to think critically. Tis could be breached through impactful method of instruction from elementary school. Thus, this study examined the differential effectiveness of Montessori didactic and Direct Instructional methods on reasoning ability of children with hearing impairment in Lagos State. Te sample size was 29 pupils comprising 15 male and 14 female pupils with hearing impairment. Te Reasoning Ability Test was used to gather relevant data while mean, standard deviation, mean difference, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) were the statistical tool used to analyse the data. The study found that both Montessori Didactic Material and Direct Instruction method were efficacious in teaching pupils with hearing impairment. However, the former was more effective. The teaching methods do not have significant gender effect on pupils with hearing impairment. It was recommended that Montessori didactic method should be employed in teaching elementary school pupils because it encourages active participation in learning process in form of self- direction and independence not minding gender, intellectual and economic disparities

Language: English

DOI: 10.5937/specedreh17-18600

ISSN: 2406-1328, 1452-7367

Abstract/Notes: I review recent practices and studies of the Montessori method from 1979 and intend to discover some tasks for future studies. I researched fourteen files in the DIALOG database, and tried to find papers from 1979 using the key word "MONTESSORI". Sixty-seven titles of books and papers were output from the DIALOG database. I classified them into five large groups. Each large group was further divided into small groups. The following are these large groups, with the numbers of books and papers contained in each large group shown in parenthses. 1. Studies which compared the Montessori method with other methods. (27) 2. Practical examples which developed and applied the Montessori method. (18) 3. Studies about the Montessori method for handicapped children. (12) 4. Philosophical and theoretical studies about the Montessori method. (8) 5. Scientific studies about the Montessori method. (2) The group of "Scientific studies about the Montessori method" had only two papers, the smallest in number of the five groups. The Montessori method was created scientifically by Maria Montessori at the beginning of this century. During the following years the educational and psychological sciences have developed gradually. I think that the Montessori method should be further studied scientifically from the modern educational and psychological points of view. Scientific studies will clarify new aspects of the Montessori method and add new elements to it. The Montessori method will develop and be applied to various fields.

Language: English

Abstract/Notes: Pada masa pandemi covid-19 ini hampir seluruh pendidikan di Indonesia mengubah sistem pembelajaran termasuk pendidikan bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus pada jenjang anak usia dini. Pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring untuk memutus mata rantai penyebaran covid-19. Anak diharuskan belajar di rumah dengan pendampingan orangtua namun tetap dalam pengawasan guru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode pembelajaran untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus ditengah pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat beberapa metode pembelajaran yaitu pembelajaran daring dimana pemaparan materi hanya melalui online dan home visit dimana guru mengunjungi anak dan memberikan pelajaran secara langsung

Language: Indonesian

DOI: 10.51667/mjpkaud.v1i2.497

ISSN: 2798-6195

Abstract/Notes: Mazkur maqola rivojlanib borayotgan texnokratik jamiyatda bolalar tarbiyasi doimo muhim ekanligi, Maria Montessori bolalarning o'z-o'zini o'rganish va rivojlantirish qobiliyatlariga ishonish va ularning o'rganish jarayonlarida o'z-o'zining yo'li bilan bormasligi xususida fikr yuritilgan. [This article discusses the importance of child education in a developing technocratic society, Maria Montessori's belief in children's self-learning and self-development abilities, and that they should not go their own way in their learning processes.]

Language: Uzbek

ISSN: 2181-4163

Abstract/Notes: Studi ini merupakan Diskursus mengenai Prinsip, Pendekatan Dan Metode-metode Pembelajaran Yang Relevan Kepada Anak Usia Dini. Adapun kategori anak usia dini adalah masa usia emas (golden age) untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai rohani dan pembentukan karakter serta memperkenalkan mereka dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dengan sederhana. Studi ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif melalui penelitian literatur yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan anak usia dini dengan menelaah prinsip, pendekatan proses pembelajaran dan metode-metode pembelajaran terhadap anak usia dini. Hasil studi memperlihatkan adanya dua pendekatan proses pembelajaran yakni dari golongan interaksionisme dan kategorial yang masing-masing berorientasi kepada anak sebagai subyek pendidikan serta bermacam-macam metode pembelajaran yang menekankan peran anak untuk memahami, menangkap dan mengetahui apa yang hendak diajarkan oleh guru kepada mereka. Karena itu, satuan pendidikan PAUD dapat menggunakan integrasi atau kombinasi antara pendekatan dari golongan interaksionisme dan kategorial. Demikian pula, satuan PAUD dapat menggunakan beragam metode yang relevan dengan memberikan penekanan bahwa anak-anak usia dini sebagai subyek pendidikan yang perlu diberikan rangsangan untuk menolong mereka bertumbuh dengan utuh (holistic/comprehensive approach) baik rohani, karakter, pengetahuan dan keterampilan.

Language: Indonesian

DOI: 10.51667/mjpkaud.v1i1.431

ISSN: 2798-6195

Abstract/Notes: This mixed methods study focused on the impact of Montessori education on middle school students and educators in a specific public school district in South Florida. The research aim was to determine what academic and social influences Montessori education had on the participants. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was utilized to evaluate the data: archival student reading and mathematics end-of-year data and teacher interviews. Quantitative analyses of FSA scores in mathematics and reading for SY 2018-2019 indicated that middle school students that were enrolled in a full-time Montessori Magnet program offering did significantly better in mathematics and reading than non-Montessori students that attended a Magnet school hosting multiple programs, which included Montessori. The qualitative analyses (interview data and artifacts) of teacher participants revealed that they believed Montessori education impacted students and educators academically and socially. However, findings revealed that none of the teacher participants were Montessori credentialed, and credentialing of teachers is essential when on a pathway to continuous school improvement. Montessori education at the secondary levels (middle school and high school) continues to develop, creating increased opportunities for future research. Ultimately, stakeholders want to measure the success of their investments into magnet programs such as Montessori education. Research that opens doors for educational reform efforts can provide a springboard for further discussion and establish a baseline for future research in Montessori education in public secondary schools.

Language: English

Published: Miami Shores, Florida, 2023

Abstract/Notes: Students who develop and apply their self-directed learning skills have advantages in school over those who do not (Betts & Knapp, 1981; Candy, 1991; Guglielmino, 1977; Schunk & Zimmerman, 2012). This is because self-directed learning (SDL) skills enable autonomous learning where students self-initiate, solve problems, develop new ideas, and monitor themselves with minimal external guidance (Knowles, 1976; Zimmerman, 2000). Despite the importance of these skills, research shows that few students consistently engage in SDL (Dent & Koenka, 2016; Zimmerman & Schunk, 2001). Because of SDL's multi-faceted and complex nature, it is difficult to discern why this is the case (Dent & Koenka, 2016; Zimmerman & Schunk, 2001). Multiple dynamic, interacting factors, including maturation, environmental supports, and historical events, likely contribute to students’ SDL development (Hoyle & Dent, 2017). As such, recent literature suggests that a relational dynamic systems (RDS) approach can help elucidate the dynamic, context-dependent patterns by which SDL skills unfold (Hoyle & Dent, 2017). According to RDS theories, development occurs within multi-level, interacting, relational systems; therefore, the bi-directional relationship between the person and their environment should be the unit of analysis (Lerner et al., 2011). This study aimed to provide a systematic investigation of the development of SDL skills, accounting for important contextual and developmental influences as well as individual pathways. Adolescence appears to be an optimal time for students to gain SDL skills (Brown, 1978; Brown et al., 1983); hence, this study focused on that developmental period. Also, because the Montessori educational approach is conducive to SDL skill development (Lillard, 2017; Rathunde, 2009, 2014), it was used as the school backdrop for this study. Furthermore, during data collection, a global pandemic caused by COVID-19 impacted school environments and was also included as a developmental context in this study. Specifically, this study utilized a longitudinal convergent mixed methods design to (1) identify patterns of SDL skill development across adolescence, (2) illustrate the reasons for those changes, and (3) illuminate the indirect effect of COVID-19 on students’ SDL. Emergent themes from student interviews conducted over four years augmented growth curve analysis results from an accelerated longitudinal design utilizing student surveys to address the research questions. Descriptive, correlational, multi-level model (MLM), and repeated-measures ANOVA analyses of student survey responses across four years (4 waves) of data collection with students grades 7 through 12 (n = 284) were applied to address the quantitative research questions. Emergent themes, derived through thematic analysis of 29 interviews, or 11 cases of students with a range of SDL skills (average, above average, and below average), addressed the qualitative research questions. Finally, quantitative results and qualitative findings were combined and compared to investigate convergence, divergence, and expansion areas that addressed integrative research questions. Findings shed important light on the development of adolescent students’ SDL skills across adolescence. Quantitative results and qualitative analyses were combined to address the research question: Do adolescent students’ SDL skills increase, decrease, or remain stable throughout middle school and high school? Findings resulted in areas of convergence and divergence across methods. Despite some diverging quantitative results, namely a non-significant growth model, other quantitative results, a non-significant no-growth model and descriptive plots, converged with qualitative findings from student interviews to suggest that within and between students, SDL skill development can include a combination of growth, decline, or stability over time. Findings from this study also suggest that each SDL skill can develop on its own timetable. Also, findings suggest a developmental pattern whereby SDL skills vary more in middle school than in high school. These findings have begun to disentangle contradictory results of earlier SDL research (e.g., Heater, 2005; Pajares & Valiante, 2002; Reio & Ward, 2005). From a practice perspective, the findings imply that it may benefit students to have tailored interventions that meet them where they are developmentally, considering each SDL skill individually and all together. The second integrative research question that was addressed in this study was: What roles do factors like grade level and the Montessori learning environment play in SDL development? Quantitative results and qualitative findings converged to suggest that students' SDL skills develop, at least in part, as a factor of the length of time a student has been immersed in the Montessori program. The findings also show that a student’s maturation may play a role in SDL skill development, especially when environmental contexts are supportive. In addition, qualitative interviews with students identified features of the Montessori program, such as open work time, scaffolded opportunities to be self-directed, autonomy support, and supportive teachers that aided students in their SDL development, which also aligns with the literature (Zumbrunn et al., 2011). This finding strengthens prior research, which found cursory evidence for how Montessori schools support the development of SDL skills (Ervin et al., 2010). In addition, quantitative results and qualitative findings diverged for the third overarching research question: Have changes in the learning environment associated with COVID-19 shaped the development of students’ SDL skills? If so, how? Although the quantitative results from this study failed to detect any indirect effects of the impact of COVID-19 on students’ SDL, qualitative findings found that changes in their learning environment as a result of COVID-19 impacted students’ SDL both negatively and positively. Research has also found that the global pandemic drastically impacted the school environment, so it is most likely that the quantitative measure failed to detect an effect (Huck & Zhang, 2021; Tarkar, 2020). Furthermore, in the interviews, most students reported a combination of negative experiences (e.g., more distractions at home, lowered motivation, fewer social interactions, higher stress, and missing in-school learning) as well as positive experiences (e.g., increased time management, access to resources, multi-tasking, organization, ability to shut out distractions, and time to sleep) that impacted their SDL abilities. Qualitative findings from this study extend prior research by providing student accounts of their experiences, including silver linings (Wilson et al., 2020). Despite its limitations, this study revealed important exploratory findings about how students’ SDL skills can develop across adolescence. Areas of convergence across qualitative and quantitative methodologies underscore the reliability of the study findings. There were also unique quantitative and qualitative findings that extend prior research and provide important implications for future research and practice.

Language: English

Published: Claremont, California, 2023

Abstract/Notes: Black students consistently underachieve academically in comparison to White students. To minimize the achievement gap between Black students and White students, some experts advocate the use of differentiated instruction as an alternative methodology to teach underachieving students. Differentiated instruction is predicated on teaching students based on their learning abilities and/or learning preferences. The differentiated instructional model examined in this study combined traditional teaching methodology with specific Montessori stage two and stage three constructs. This exploratory qualitative study examined the impact that Montessori constructs combined with traditional teaching methods had on academic achievement of Black students in grades four and five in an inner city school in Dallas County, Texas. The study further explored the sample’s perceptions of and preferences for the combined teaching methodology. The sample group had been exposed to the differentiated teaching model evaluated in the study. Disaggregated 2007 and 2008 TAKS results from the Texas Education Agency were obtained to compare the school’s fourth and fifth grade Black students’ achievement to their cohort groups in the district and in the state. The TAKS data comparisons found variability in performance among the groups in each of the subject areas assessed by TAKS. Qualitative data from a Likert Scale, multiple choice questions, questionnaires, written essay, and interviews were obtained from the participants to examine the students’ perceptions of and preferences for the combined teaching methodology. Data responses were analyzed and themes were developed to determine black students’ preferences for teaching, learning, and factors that contribute to learning. The findings of this study imply that future use of a differentiated instructional model that combines traditional teaching methodology and specific Montessori constructs and principles might be effective in improving Black student achievement.

Language: English

Published: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2009

Abstract/Notes: In this article, we discuss new and effective ways of teaching that can improve students’ results. These plans usually aim to get students interested and involved. Students who are actively involved in their studies are less likely to miss class and more likely to do well in school.

Language: English