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Article
Present Day Educational Problems
Publication: Around the Child, vol. 6
Date: 1961
Pages: 49-52
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Language: English
ISSN: 0571-1142
Article
Preschool Educational Approaches: A Comparative Study
Available from: Comparative Education Society of Iran (CESIR)
Publication: Iranian Journal of Comparative Education, vol. 5, no. 2
Date: 2022
Pages: 1898-1928
Comparative education, Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Reggio Emilia approach (Early childhood education) - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Waldorf method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Abstract/Notes: The aim of research was a comparative study of preschool educational approaches. In this research, the components of goals, content, teaching method, educational atmosphere and evaluation in romantic, humanistic, Montessori, Waldorf and Reggio Emilia approaches have been compared. The method of data collection and analysis were documentary and Bereday’s four-step approach respectively. In dimension of goals, all approaches emphasize the enrichment of the child's imagination through the senses. In the activities dimension, all approaches emphasize the learning process. Montessori and Reggio Emilia's approach, more than other approaches, design activities in a more problem-oriented manner. In the Montessori, Reggio Emilia and Waldorf approaches emphasized the question-and-answer method and indirect transmission of material to the child. In particular, the Reggio Emilia and Waldorf approaches have made the learning method the basis of child-teacher interaction, and teaching means the process of helping children learn research. In the dimension of educational atmosphere, human interaction with the environment - through the senses - is the basis of education in all approaches. In the evaluation dimension - with the exception of the Montessori approach which focuses on the extent to which predetermined goals are achieved-, other approaches do not emphasize learning standards and the evaluation is not done in the traditional way. Iranian curriculum planners are encouraged to use the findings of the present study to develop a suitable approach for early childhood education
Language: English
ISSN: 2588-7270
Article
Student Adjustment to Higher Education: The Role of Alternative Educational Pathways in Coping with the Demands of Student Life
Available from: Springer Link
Publication: Higher Education, vol. 59, no. 3
Date: 2010
Pages: 353-366
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Abstract/Notes: The present longitudinal study measured student adjustment to higher education, comparing 50 participants from alternative schools (Steiner, Montessori, New Schools) with 80 students from the traditional school system. We hypothesized that students from alternative schools adapt better, because of greater perceived social support, academic self-efficacy, and task-oriented coping styles. Measures were taken during the last school year (baseline characteristics), and at the beginning of the first and last terms of the first year in higher education. The quality of adjustment was assessed through academic results, and physical and psychological well-being. The following instruments were used: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger (1983), the 13-items Depression Inventory by Beck et al. (1961), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations by Endler and Parker (1990), and semi-directed interviews. Results show that students from alternative schools adjust better to higher education: they report less anxiety and depression symptoms, and show greater life satisfaction and academic achievement.
Language: English
DOI: 10.1007/s10734-009-9252-7
ISSN: 1573-174X
Article
Re‐Imagining Teachers’ Work: Photographs of Blackfriars School, Sydney, 1913‐1923 as Representations of an Educational Alternative
Available from: Emerald Insight
Publication: History of Education Review, vol. 38, no. 2
Date: 2009
Pages: 82-93
Australasia, Australia, Australia and New Zealand, Blackfriars School (Sydney, Australia), Montessori method of education, Montessori schools, Oceania, Teachers
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Abstract/Notes: Visual representations of teachers and teachers’ work over the past century and a half, in both professional literature and popular media, commonly construct teachers’ work as teacher‐centred, and built around specific technologies that privilege the teacher as the active, dominant and legitimate principal agent in the educational process. This article analyses a set of photographs that represent an ‘alternative’ educational approach to normalised mainstream schooling, to explore the ways such practices might enact pedagogy within different social relations. Butler’s discussions of performativity and Foucault’s concept of technologies of self, offer a theoretical framework for understanding the educative and political work such visual representations of teachers work might perform, in the construction of capacities to imagine what teachers’ work looks like, with implications for capacities to enact teaching. The photographs analysed present a pedagogy in which the teacher is less visibly central and less overtly directive in relation to children’s learning than in normalised pedagogy. Thus, in important respects, they offer material from which to construct a different vision of what teachers’ work looks like, and, consequently, to enact teachers’ work differently. In this article I explore a set of photographs of Montessori methods at Blackfriars School in Sydney in the early twentieth century. I do so in order to establish whether such photographs offer a representation of teaching that differs significantly from conventional ‘normalised’ understandings of teachers’ work. This in turn is intended to inform one part of a transformative agenda to address problematic aspects of contemporary schooling.
Language: English
DOI: 10.1108/08198691200900015
ISSN: 0819-8691
Article
“The Ayn Rand School for Tots”: John Dewey, Maria Montessori, and Objectivist Educational Philosophy during the Postwar Years
Available from: Historical Studies in Education (Canada)
Publication: Historical Studies in Education/Revue d'histoire de l'éducation, vol. 25, no. 1
Date: 2013
John Dewey - Philosophy, Maria Montessori - Philosophy, Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Objectivism (Philosophy) - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Progressive education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Abstract/Notes: Objectivism, the libertarian philosophy established by Ayn Rand during the postwar years, has attracted a great deal of attention from philosophers, political scientists, economists, and English professors alike in recent years, but it hasn’t received much notice from historians with an interest in education. This article will address that problem by discussing how Rand and her followers established a philosophy of education during the 1960s and 1970s that was based, in part, on vilifying the so-called collectivist ideas of John Dewey and lionizing the so-called individualist ideas of Maria Montessori. Unfortunately, the narrative that emerged during this time seriously misrepresented the ideas of both Dewey and Montessori, resulting in a somewhat distorted view of both educators.
Language: English
DOI: 10.32316/hse/rhe.v25i1.4285
ISSN: 0843-5057, 1911-9674
Article
Montessori Pedagogy, an educational alternative, from Romania: Evolution from the beginning of the 20th century until the Second World War contribution
Available from: Università di Macerata
Publication: History of Education and Children's Literature (HECL), vol. 13, no. 2
Date: 2018
Pages: 511-518
Eastern Europe, Europe, Romania
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Abstract/Notes: Montessori Pedagogy, having as a founder M. Montessori, Italian physician and pedagogue, is one of the alternatives that entered Romania at the beginning of the 20th century, due to the opening of the occupants of those times. We present in this paper the evolution in Romania of Montessori pedagogy and educational alternative, from the beginning to the Second World War. We will refer to the interest that the ideas of M. Montessori have made, translations of her works in Romanian, as well as the writings of some Romanian specialists who have popularized and supported her. We will bring readers’ attention and involvement issues by attending conferences and training courses for teachers, by setting up the Montessori schools and the role of renowned personalities in the development of the Montessori alternative and the Montessori Association, an expression of the interest and appreciation.
Language: Italian
ISSN: 1971-1093, 1971-1131
Article
Outdoor Learning, A Pathway to Transformational Learning? Or Another Educational Gimmick?
Available from: Infonomics Society
Publication: International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education, vol. 13, no. 1
Date: 2022
Pages: 4600-4611
Comparative education, Environmental education, Montessori method of education, Nature education, Outdoor education, Transformative learning
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Abstract/Notes: Outdoor learning is one of the newest terminologies and implementations of using the outdoors as a part of education. This paper provides an in-depth overview to answer the question, is outdoor learning a pathway to transformational learning or another educational gimmick? To answer this question, this paper will focus on six fundamental sections. This paper begins by highlighting the ambiguity throughout history in defining education outside the classroom, with more than 75 different terminologies used to refer to education in the outdoors. The second theme is that despite this contemporary emergence, outdoor learning has a long and varied history within education, with modern elements of outdoor learning being traced back thousands of years in indigenous cultures. Then being refined throughout the 21st century before settling on the current contemporary form of outdoor learning. The third theme of this paper looks at the benefits of outdoor learning, summarized into six critical sections. These benefits include health and wellbeing, social-emotional and cognitive development, academic and behavioral benefits, memory benefits, increased positive attitudes towards the environment, and positive teacher benefits. The fourth theme of this paper reviews the barriers and challenges to implementing outdoor learning within schooling, with four primary barriers being identified. These barriers include outdoor learning having no formal status in teachers’ educational practice, a lack of teacher confidence in their outdoor teaching expertise, difficulty in starting an outdoor learning program, and physical restraints such as school grounds and weather. The penultimate theme of this paper reviews critical considerations that must be addressed when implementing an outdoor learning program; this includes cost, student numbers, transportation, insurance, time, framework, skills, assessments, the curriculum, and training. The final theme of this paper unpacks the effects of COVID-19 on outdoor learning within all levels of schooling. Initially seen as a method to return to school by being outdoors, outdoor learning has since demonstrated to educators worldwide that it deserves to be embedded as an everyday part of education even after the pandemic subsides.
Language: English
DOI: 10.20533/ijcdse.2042.6364.2022.0565
ISSN: 2042-6364
Article
Educational Philosophy of Maria Montessori: A Coordination Between the Teacher and Child
Available from: International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Scientific Research
Publication: International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, vol. 4, no. 11
Date: Nov 2021
Pages: 11-22
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Abstract/Notes: Dr. Maria Montessori is the founder of the Montessori Method of education. She was the first woman in Italy to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree. Maria Montessori approached education from a scientific standpoint because she was a doctor. Education, she believed, should prepare a person for all parts of life. She created resources and approaches to encourage child' natural learning growth. They're found in every Montessori classroom. Working with these materials and procedures establishes a pattern those youngsters naturally take over to reading, writing, and math. Each talent is designed to work in collaboration with the others. Maria Montessori was the first woman to enter the world of education as a result of his close involvement with the education and development of mentally challenged children. Her contribution to early childhood education, particularly for mentally challenged children, has transformed the educational world. In fact, practically every civilized country feels the impact of her unique style of teaching young children in some way. The world was taken aback by the apparently unbelievable actions of slum youngsters in Rome's first Casa dei Bambini (children's home). Her efforts and dedication in transforming mentally challenged children into normal children by teaching the 3 R’s using didactic equipment have earned her indelible fame in the history of education. It was seen at the time of her demise when tributes to her life-long labour on behalf of appeared in the press from every part of the world. In fact, her selfless sacrifice and dedication has developed hope and courage in the life of mentally challenged children, which made her to be ranked among the forerunners of great educators. Today. Montessori Method flashes like a comet across the educational horizon. Montessori learning environments, also known as prepared environments, provide children the freedom to pick their own work and design their own learning. Because the child is in the centre and the teacher's tasks differ from those of typical school teachers, the direction of communication and coordination between the child and the teacher is defined accordingly. The purpose of this research is to look into Montessori teachers' coordination and teamwork with children.
Language: English
ISSN: 2581-4281
Article
Anaokulları İç Mekan Tasarımında Eğitime Yönelik Mekan İhtiyaçları ve Montessori Anaokulları / Educational Space Requirement in Interior Design of Kindergartens and Montessori Kindergartens
Available from: The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies
Publication: Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, vol. 14, no. 86
Date: 2021
Pages: 281-293
Architecture, Classroom environments, Early childhood care and education, Early childhood education, Prepared environment
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Abstract/Notes: Anaokulları okul öncesi çocukların bilgi ve becerilerini destekleyen eğitim kurumlarıdır. Farklı eğitim sistemlerini benimsemiş olan anaokullarında aktivitelere göre alanlar oluşturulmaktadır. Algının ve çevrenin öneminin büyük olduğu bu dönemde çocukların hayal güçlerine ilham verecek mekanlar tasarlanmalıdır. Çocukların sözlü beceriden önce öğrenilen görsel dil ile yaratıcılıkları desteklenmektedir. Bunun yanında mekanda bulunan güvenli ve ulaşılabilir mobilyalar da çocukların özgürce hareket etmelerini ve sorumluluk bilinci kazanmalarını sağlamaktadır. Anadilin yanında farklı bir dilin de okul öncesi dönemde öğrenilmesi için mekanda kullanılan görseller ve bunları destekleyici yabancı dilde kelimeler ile görsel hafıza da yer etmesi sağlanabilmektedir. Bu sayede öğrenilen yabancı dildeki kelimeler ile hafızadaki ilişki kuvvetlenerek hatırlanması kolaylaşmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı Montessori anaokullarında kullanılan mekan ihtiyaçlarını ve günümüz okullarında oluşturulan modern tasarımları araştırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak mekanda kullanılan eğrisel formlar ve donatı elemanlarının boyutlarının çocuklara göre tasarlanması ile çocuğun özgürce hareket edebileceği mekanlar eldeilmektedir. Bu mekanlar bir bütünlük içerisinde estetik bir uyum ile tasarlanmalıdır. Bir düzen içerisinde organize edilmiş az ve yeterli sayıda renk ve obje ile daha huzurlu bir mekan oluşturulmaktadır. Tasarımda ana unsuru yetişkinler ve çocuklar arasındaki olumlu ilişkiler oluşturmaktadır. Mekan tasarımı da bu ilişkiyi desteklemektedir. Doğal aydınlatma, uygun boyutta askılıklar, depolama alanlarının yeterli ve güvenli olması, dolaşım alanlarının yeterli olması da gerekmektedir. / Kindergartens are educational institutions that support the knowledge and skills of preschool children. In kindergartens in different education systems, areas are created according to the types of activities. In this period when perception and the environment are of great importance, spaces that will inspire children's imaginations should be designed. Children's creativity is supported by the visual language learned before verbal skills. In addition, safe furniture in the space allows children to move freely and gain a sense of responsibility. In addition to the mother tongue, it is possible to learn foreign languages in the pre-school period. Therefore, it can be ensured that the language is embedded in the memory with the visuals used in the space and the words in the foreign language supporting them. In this way, the relationship in the memory with the words in the learned foreign language is strengthened and the recall of the word becomes easier. This article aims to explore the space needs found in Montessori kindergartens and the modern designs created in today's schools. As a result, designing the dimensions of the furniture used in the space according to children ensures that children can move freely, implement their own decisions and receive an education without encountering obstacles. The kindergarten interior should be designed with an aesthetic harmony within a unity. Overmuch colors and toys cause a distraction for children. A more peaceful space is created with a sufficient number of colors and objects organized in order.
Language: Turkish
DOI: 10.29228/JASSS.52208
ISSN: 2148-4163
Article
The Development of Italian Educational Philosophy in the 20th Century
Available from: Springer Link
Publication: International Review of Education, vol. 4, no. 1
Date: 1958
Pages: 313-326
Europe, Italy, Southern Europe
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Abstract/Notes: In our brief historical outline of educational conditions in Italy, we have seen that by far the greatest efforts over the past fifty years have been devoted to clarifying the theoretical issues of educational problems. We have been examining philosophical Systems that pretended to afford an unshakeable foundation to educational theory and to answer every problem raised by educational practice. They have been scrutinized and found wanting. The new Government Syllabus (1955) for the Italian elementary schools is thoroughly Catholic in spirit, humanistic in content and progressive in method. The author of the present paper feels, however, that too much theorizing is still blinding Italian educators. The canker of Transcendental Idealism is still gnawing at the efforts of all too many, also Catholic, thinkers. The “active schools” need renewed fervour, cogent Stimulation, and enlightened Inspiration from an integral Catholic philosophy of life. We must stop philosophizing and get down to realizing: experimentation and co-operative effort are badly needed, not less than clear ideas. Not words but deeds! Idealism had thought of itself being the all-inclusive answer to every problem. We must repeat Hamlet's word to the die-hard Idealist: “There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy”.
Language: English
DOI: 10.1007/BF01423725
ISSN: 1573-0638, 0020-8566