Language: Korean

Published: Gyeongsan, South Korea, 2003

Abstract/Notes: The essay analyses the figure of Maria Montessori as a teacher and the teaching that she conducted in her career. A historical perspective is adopted, with reference to some fundamental moments in Montessori’s teaching life, described with the help of her own early writings (often unpublished), and the testimonies of some of her colleagues and students. M. Montessori began her career as a teacher in 1899 at the “Higher Institute of Teaching for Women” and then she continued at the “Pedagogical School” of the University of Rome. The analysis presented in this article shows that Montessori considered it essential to combine theory and practice, to promote students’ active participation, linking what is learnt in the classroom with the outside world. From her earliest experiences as a teacher, it became fundamental for Montessori to place her teaching against the background of social and civil commitment, open it up to comparison, and to integrate her experience with work and empirical research. / Prezentowany esej jest analizą sylwetki Marii Montessori jako nauczycielki oraz jej kariery nauczycielskiej. W analizie przyjęto perspektywę historyczną, z odniesieniem do wybranych, kluczowych momentów w karierze nauczycielskiej M. Montessori, opisanych z pomocą jej własnych, wczesnych pism (często niepublikowanych), oraz wspomnień jej współpracowników i studentów. Maria Montessori rozpoczęła swoją karierę jako nauczycielka w 1899 roku w „Wyższym Instytucie Edukacji dla Kobiet”, a następnie kontynuowała pracę w Szkole pedagogicznej Uniwersytetu Rzymskiego. Przedstawione rozważania ukazują, że M. Montessori uznawała za kluczowe: łączenie teorii z praktyką, wspieranie aktywnego udziału studentów, łączenie tego, czego się nauczyli w klasie szkolnej z działaniem w świecie zewnętrznym. Na podstawie swoich wczesnych nauczycielskich doświadczeń M. Montessori fundamentem swojego nauczania uczyniła zaangażowanie społeczne i obywatelskie, a także otwarcie się na porównanie i integrację zdobytych doświadczeń z pracą i badaniami empirycznymi.

Language: English

DOI: 10.14632/eetp.2017.13.47.17

ISSN: 1896-2327, 2353-7787

Abstract/Notes: Montessori è forse il made-in-Italy culturale e commerciale più diffuso al mondo. E più copiato, contaminato, osteggiato, rielaborato, nel corso di un secolo della sua storia. I temi affrontati in questo libro sono quelli del rapporto di Maria Montessori con il mondo cattolico e con la Teosofia, della promozione del Metodo nella cultura massonica dell'Italia di inizio Novecento, della sua accettazione o del rifiuto da parte di positivisti e pedagogisti italiani, della sua diffusione veloce ma un po' selvaggia nel mondo contemporaneo. Fino – per il futuro – alle possibili strumentalizzazioni, agli snaturamenti, alle sue enormi possibilità. [Montessori is perhaps the most widespread cultural and commercial made-in-Italy in the world. And more copied, contaminated, opposed, reworked, over the course of a century of its history. The themes addressed in this book are those of Maria Montessori's relationship with the Catholic world and with Theosophy, the promotion of the Method in the Masonic culture of early twentieth-century Italy, its acceptance or rejection by Italian positivists and pedagogists, of its fast but somewhat wild diffusion in the contemporary world. Up to - for the future - the possible exploitations, the distortions, its enormous possibilities.]

Language: Italian

Published: Rome, Italy: Fefè Editore, 2019

ISBN: 978-88-949471-5-1

Series: Pagine Vere , 42

Abstract/Notes: Dans notre travail de recherche nous nous sommes intéressée à l’héritage des pédagogies de Maria Montessori et de Friedrich Fröbel dans les classes enfantines valaisannes, respectivement dans le Valais romand et le Haut-Valais. Pour ce faire, nous avons tout d’abord proposer une brève partie historique. Cette partie a permis de comprendre comment les noms de Maria Montessori et de Friedrich Fröbel sont entrés dans la pédagogie de notre pays et dans celle de notre canton. De plus, nous avons retracé l’évolution des institutions enfantines dans notre pays. Étant donné que nous cherchons à définir l’héritage de ces deux pédagogies originnelles dans l’enseignent en enfantine de nos jours, il nous a fallu décrire ce qu’est l’école enfantine actuellement. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé les plans d’études en vigueur dans notre canton, à savoir le Plan d’études romand (Valais romand) et le Lehrplan 21 (HautValais). Puis, nous avons présenté les principes et les caractéristiques qui régissent les pédagogies de Maria Montessori et Friedrich Fröbel. Les concepts mis en évidence nous ont permis d’établir deux tableaux de synthèse des concepts des pédagogues qui étaient nos outils principaux pour l’analyse des données. Toute notre partie empirique nous a permis d’analyser les concepts des pédagogies de Maria Montessori et de Friedrich Fröbel grâce aux discours des enseignantes rencontrées et de les interpréter. À la fin de ce travail, nous avons obtenu des résultats qui nous ont permis de répondre à notre question de recherche. / In our research work we are interested in the heritage of the pedagogies of Maria Montessori and Friedrich Fröbel in the Valais child classes, respectively in Valais Romand and Haut-Valais. To do this, we first propose a brief historical part. This part has made it possible to understand how the names of Maria Montessori and Friedrich Fröbel entered the pedagogy of our country and that of our canton. In addition, we traced the evolution of children's institutions in our country. Given that we seek to define the heritage of these two original pedagogies in teaching in kindergarten today, we had to describe what kindergarten is today. For this, we used the study plans in force in our canton, namely the Plan d’études romand (Valais romand) and the Lehrplan 21 (Haut Valais). Then, we presented the principles and characteristics that govern the pedagogies of Maria Montessori and Friedrich Fröbel. The concepts highlighted allowed us to establish two summary tables of the concepts of the pedagogues which were our main tools for the analysis of the data. All our empirical part allowed us to analyze the concepts of the pedagogies of Maria Montessori and Friedrich Fröbel thanks to the speeches of the teachers met and to interpret them. At the end of this work, we obtained results that allowed us to answer our research question.

Language: French

Published: Saint-Maurice, Switzerland, 2016

Language: Italian

Published: Roma, Italy, 1948

Language: German

Published: Würzburg, Germany: Ergon, 1996

ISBN: 3-928034-90-1

Abstract/Notes: L’intérêt que continue de susciter, un siècle après son invention, la méthode d’éducation conçue par la médecin et pédagogue italienne Maria Montessori est étonnant. Le foisonnement de publications de toutes natures (journalistique, vulgarisatrice, pédagogique, scientifique), mais aussi la création d’écoles qui se revendiquent de cette célèbre méthode et la multiplication des activités connexes (édition, fabrication de jouets et de matériel didactique) nourrissent la vogue actuelle du montessorisme. Ce dernier, en France, fait débat. Ce qui est heureux. Mais les données qui circulent sur Maria Montessori sont souvent biaisées par les enjeux éducatifs d’aujourd’hui. Certaines relèvent de l’hagiographie, voire d’un quasi-culte. D’autres, en vue de disqualifier son œuvre et l’actualité dont elle bénéficie, s’apparentent à des jugements « idéologico-politiques » sur la figure iconique de la fondatrice. Maria Montessori est dite, tour à tour, positiviste, spiritualiste, cléricale, théosophe, sympathisante du fascisme, au service des familles privilégiées, etc., etc. Afin de démêler le vrai du faux ou, tout simplement, combler nos lacunes, la recherche historique est plus que nécessaire. En France, elle ne fait que commencer comparé, par exemple, aux travaux accumulés par nos collègues italiens... [The interest that continues to arouse, a century after its invention, the method of education designed by the Italian doctor and pedagogue Maria Montessori is astonishing. The proliferation of publications of all kinds (journalistic, popular, educational, scientific), but also the creation of schools that claim to follow this famous method and the multiplication of related activities (publishing, manufacture of toys and teaching materials) feed the current vogue for Montessorism. The latter, in France, is debated. Which is happy. But the data circulating on Maria Montessori is often biased by today's educational issues. Some are hagiographical, or even quasi-cult. Others, with a view to disqualifying her work and the topicality from which it benefits, are similar to “ideological-political” judgments on the iconic figure of the foundress. Maria Montessori is said, in turn, positivist, spiritualist, clerical, theosophist, sympathizer of fascism, at the service of privileged families, etc., etc. In order to disentangle the true from the false or, quite simply, to fill in our gaps, historical research is more than necessary. In France, it has only just begun compared, for example, to the work accumulated by our Italian colleagues...]

Language: French

DOI: 10.3917/etsoc.175.0009

ISSN: 0014-2204

Abstract/Notes: This speech was delivered on September 27, 1957 at the 11th International Montessori Congress (Rome, Italy).

Language: Italian

Published: Roma, Italy: Vita dell'infanzia, 1959

Abstract/Notes: Tindakan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang yang bersifat nyata itu merupakan makna dari hasil pendidikan karakter yang dapat membentuk kepepribadiannya seseorang. Hal tersebut dilalui dengan pendidikan budi pekerti sehingga terbentuknya keperibadian di dalam diri seseorang. Seseorang akan bertinh laku dengan baik, bertanggung jawab, jujur, kerja keras, lemah lembut menghormati sesama dan juga penuh kasih saying. Hal itu dapat dilihat secara nyata pada tingkah laku seseorang. Konsep Pendidikan yang dimiliki oleh Ki Hajar Dewantara adalah bersifat pribumi. Sistem pendidikannya adalah system among dengan artian bersendikan kodrat alam dan merupakan system pendidikan yang bersifat kekeluargaan dan kemerdekaan terhadap anak supaya mereka dapat berkembang dan tumbuh dengan dasar kekuatannya sendiri Penyusunan metodenya Montessori merupakan sebuah metode pendidikan bagi anak-anak yang berdasar pada teori terhadap perkembangannya anak. Adapun metode tersebut berkarakteristik menekankan terhadap aktifitas anak dan adaptasi dilingkungan tempat belajarnya serta menyesuaikan terhadap level berkembangnya anak. Aktifitas fisik dan peran dalm menyerap kemampuan yang praktis dan konsep pembelajaran. Dari lingkungan sekolah konsep untuk Pendidikan anak diusia dini menurut Maria Montessori dan Ki Hajar dewantara juga ditemukan kesamaan dan juga ditemukan perbedaannya. Melihat persamaannya dilingkungan sekolah sama-sama mempunyai pendapat.Seprti halnya disekolah Casa Dei Bambini dan juga taman indria. Keduanya tersebut berpendapat sama bahwasanya media dalam pembelajaran menggunakan media dalam belajar yang bersifat alamiah dan pembelajaran nyata dari alam itu lebih menarik dibandingkan menggunakan media yang dibuat. Tempat dilaksanakannya pendidikan terhadap anak diusia dini dalam pemikiran Maria Montessori anak didik dfokuskan diruang kelas dan juga diditempatnya anak-anak pada saat bermain yang telah dirancangnya. Berdasarkan pemikiran Ki Hajar Dewantara bahwasanya tempat untuk dilaksanakannya Pendidikan terhadap anak tidak hanya dilingkungan sekolah. Mereka dapat melaksanakan pembelajarannya dilingkungan masyarakat dan juga dilingkungan keluarga. Jadi pemikirannya lebih meluas Pendidikan terhadap anak itu harus saling didukung oleh tiga lingkungan tersebut

Language: Indonesian

DOI: 10.46773/muaddib.v4i1.188

ISSN: 2685-9149

Abstract/Notes: Il contributo intende sondare alcuni tratti della pedagogia e del metodo Montessori di interesse per ripensare gli attuali contesti educativi escolastici sempre più interdipendenti ed eterogenei (Zoletto, 2012). L’individualizzazione nell’apprendimento e la differenziazione sono tensioni costanti nel pensiero di Montessori e si concretizzano nel ruolo dell’ambiente preparato dall’adulto a misuradi ogni bambino, in cui sono organizzati materiali di sviluppo non condizionati daappartenenze culturali (PescieTrabalzini, 2007) e nella pluralità linguistica assunta quale tratto strutturale del contesto (Consalvo, 2020), come avviene in molte scuoledi metodo che stanno sperimentando progetti bilingui. È dall’ambiente secondo Montessori (2000) che i bambini prendono il linguaggio, le abitudini e le caratteristiche della comunità a cui partecipano e per questo gli ambienti scolastici e le atmosfere relazionali costruiti sulla base della unicità e differenza di ognuno sono interculturali (Pesci,2006). Il contributo propone le prime riflessioni scaturite dal lavoro di indagine sull’attualità interculturale di Montessori in prospettiva plurilingue, che èuno dei filoni di ricerca del PRIN (2017) Maria Montessori from the past to the present(Unitàdi ricerca: Bologna, Milano, Roma, Aosta). / This paper will explore some aspects of the Montessori method and pedagogy that are pertinent in rethinking today's increasingly interdependent and heterogeneous educational and school contexts (Zoletto, 2012). Personalized learning and differentiation are constant tensions in Montessori thinking, taking shape in the environment prepared by the adult specifically for each child, where the developmental materials offered are not conditioned by cultural affiliations (Pesci e Trabalzini, 2007) and linguistic plurality is a structural feature of the context (Consalvo, 2020), as occurs in many method schools that are experimenting with bilingual projects. According to Montessori (2000), children acquire language, habits and the characteristics of the community they are part of from the environment, and for this reason school environments and the relational atmospheres based on the uniqueness and differences of each individual are intercultural (Pesci, 2006). The paper offers some initial reflections starting from an investigation of Montessori's intercultural relevance in a multilingual perspective, one of the PRIN (2017) research areas Maria Montessori from the past to the present (Research Units: Bologna, Milan, Rome, Aosta).

Language: Italian

DOI: 10.6092/issn.2420-8175/13899

ISSN: 2420-8175