Language: English

Language: English

Language: English

ISSN: 0013-5968

Abstract/Notes: The educational philosophies of Maria Montessori and Jiddu Krishnamurti are compared and contrasted in this paper. The discussion is based on texts by both educators and direct observation of some of the schools (United States, Australia and India) where these ideas are being implemented. First, general principles of each educator are discussed. Both are said to have condemned traditional approaches to education and to have objected to the record of state involvement in education. The next three sections describe their ideas regarding: (1) how children learn and the role children should take in their own education; (2) the attributes, characteristics, and training of teachers, and the teacher-child relationship; and (3) the proper education environment, with focus on discipline, competition, evaluation, and the use of methods. In conclusion, it is said that Montessori's and Krishnamurti's philosophies have more similarities than differences. Children love being at both kinds of school. Their schools have successfully deinstitutionalized the learning process and made the teacher-pupil relationship a caring and loving one. The major difference between the two types of education is the approach to method: Krishnamurti scorns adopting a particular method while Montessori tried to design a method that was based on her observation of the "natural" child.

Language: English

Published: Bundoora, Victoria, Australia: Centre for Comparative and International Studies in Education, 1983

Language: English

ISSN: 0519-0959

Abstract/Notes: Delivered at the 19th International Montessori Congress, Amsterdam, 1979

Language: English

ISSN: 0519-0959

Language: English

ISSN: 0519-0959

Language: English

ISSN: 0519-0959

Abstract/Notes: Research Findings: A quasi-experiment was undertaken to test the effect of Montessori practical life activities on kindergarten children's fine motor development and hand dominance over an 8-month period. Participants were 50 children age 5 in 4 Montessori schools and 50 students age 5 in a kindergarten program in a high-performing suburban elementary school. Children were pre- and posttested on the Flag Posting Test, an individually administered test of fine motor skill requiring children to place tiny flags mounted on pins into preset pinholes. Students in the Montessori treatment group demonstrated significantly higher accuracy, speed, and consistent use of the dominant hand on the posttest, adjusted for pretest differences and gender. Effect sizes were moderate for accuracy and speed (ds = .53 and .37, respectively) and large for established hand dominance (▵R2 = .35). Longitudinal research on the effects of early childhood programs emphasizing the reciprocal interplay of cognitive and physical aspects of activity is recommended. Practice or Policy: The findings argue for a balanced approach to early childhood education that maintains the importance of physical activity and fine motor development in conjunction with cognitive skills. Montessori practical life activities involving eye–hand coordination and fine motor skills can be integrated into programs.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1080/10409289.2015.995454

ISSN: 1040-9289, 1556-6935

Abstract/Notes: Described are 12 innovative PACE projects in San Mateo County, California, which were developed with Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title III funds. Among the projects are--a preschool center, an industrial arts program, an elementary school music program, and adult job training. Others are--an identification and intervention project for emotionally disturbed children and families, upward bound summer programs, an elementary school project using multimedia audiovisual materials, and an educational resources center. One project has established a Montessori preschool. There is also a program emphasizing computer assisted instruction and one to enhance student self-image.

Language: English

Published: Redwood City, California, 1968