Language: German

Abstract/Notes: In this note, Gandhi references Montessori in mentioning that he has observed Montessori classrooms and Nursery Schools.

Language: English

Published: New Delhi: Publications Division, Government of India, 1999

Edition: Electronic Book

Volume: 88 (30 August, 1945 - 6 December, 1945) of 98

Abstract/Notes: In this note, Gandhi references Montessori in mentioning that he has observed Montessori classrooms and Nursery Schools.

Language: English

Published: New Delhi: Publications Division, Government of India, Sep 1980

Volume: 81 (July 17, 1945 – October 31, 1945) of 100

Language: German

Abstract/Notes: In this note to Sarabhai, Gandhi expresses his view that strict implementation of the Montessori system, including Western clothing, is something that he does not agree with.

Language: English

Published: New Delhi: Publications Division, Government of India, 1999

Edition: Electronic Book

Volume: 86 (4 March, 1945 - 28 May, 1945) of 98

Language: German

Published: Münster, Germany: Lit, 2017

ISBN: 978-3-643-12157-8 3-643-12157-1

Series: Impulse der Reformpädagogik , 20

Language: German

ISSN: 0722-2513

Abstract/Notes: During the 1920s and 1930s, the New Education Fellowship (NEF), founded in 1919, established itself as an important international force for radical education and educational experimentation. Its membership was drawn from many different countries and included some of the most prominent progressive educators of that period. By 1945, however, the movement was experiencing international decline. Membership had fallen and in many countries the new educational network had ceased to exist. This situation was a result not only of the destruction of the new educational network in Europe during the Second World War, but also of the change in the outlook of educationists and reformers who sought new solutions to the problems of the reconstruction of society and education. The purpose of this study is to explore the NEF's importance as a disseminator of educational and political ideals after 1945 and its contribution to debates about the post-war reconstruction of education and society, using the considerable but currently little-researched material held at the Institute of Education, University of London. This thesis examines the NEF's network after 1945 and considers how far the NEF successfully extended its membership amongst school teachers and educationists at teacher training colleges. The NEF also sought to develop an international network. The international activities of the NEF, both through links with other organisations, for example, the United Nations Educational, Social and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), and its membership in those countries where the NEF maintained branches are explored in order to gauge the success of the NEF as a movement with internationalist ambitions.

Language: English

Published: London, England, 2009

Abstract/Notes: This article draws on childcare advice to investigate the shift from breastfeeding by the clock to feeding on demand in twentieth-century Britain and Italy, to demonstrate that it was not just mothers’ bodies, nor what they fed their children, but their time that was subject to political, medical, and cultural attention. The comparative approach highlights the convergences and divergences in breastfeeding advice, illuminating the interactions with political and intellectual currents, as much as social and economic patterns. ‘Scientific motherhood’ and the promotion of feeding by the clock dominated in Britain and Italy at the beginning of the century, and persisted under fascist initiatives to regulate breastfeeding. Some existing differences, however, contained the seeds of greater divergence after 1945 in the two countries. Shaped by differing intersections of medical, psychoanalytic, and feminist thinking, the uneven shift to the concept of demand feeding slowly took root in Britain in the post-war period, but in Italy only in the context of 1968 counter-cultural ideas. The 1970s brought the conversation back to a point of convergence between Britain and Italy in the feminist recognition of the complexities of balancing the ‘rights and duties’ of mothers and children when it came to feeding babies.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X23000456

ISSN: 0018-246X, 1469-5103

Abstract/Notes: Gandhi includes a reference to Montessori in this letter: "Of course I know sister Montessori very well although I may say I have not read any of her writings."

Language: English

Published: New Delhi: Publications Division, Government of India, 1999

Edition: Electronic Book

Volume: 85 (2 October, 1944 - 3 March, 1945) of 98