Abstract/Notes: The aim in the research was to investigate the effect of Montessori-based STEM education on the self-directed learning skills of pre-service pre-school teachers. A mixed method was employed in the research. The sample of the research consisted of 53 pre-service teachers enrolled in the Pre-school Teacher Education Programme at a mid-sized state university in northeast Turkey. During the research, Montessori-based STEM education was given to the pre-service teachers for two hours per week over 14 weeks. The Self-directed Learning Skills scale was applied to obtain the quantitative data and the Semi-structured Interview Form was used for the qualitative data in the research. After coding the data in content analysis, the themes of the coded data were written down. In order to contribute to the validity of the research, direct quotations from the participant group were included in the findings section and participant confirmation was carried out. In order to contribute to the reliability of the data analysis, the consistency of the results with each other was checked by five experts during the data analysis. The aim was to contribute to the reliability of the study by explaining the data collection and analysis sections in detail. At the end of the research, it was observed that there was a significant difference between the self-directed learning skills pre-test and post-test scores and that the qualitative analysis results supported this difference in direction with the development. These developments were determined from the statements by the pre-service teachers in their interviews stating that the training contributed greatly to their personal and social development and helped them gain learning and teaching skills about a subject. In line with the results obtained, it can be concluded that pre-school teacher candidates' self-directed learning skills such as self-confidence, perseverance, self-planned learning, and self-assessment were developed by Montessori approach-based STEM education. / Araştırmada Montessori yaklaşımı temelli STEM eğitimlerinin; okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının öz yönetimli öğrenme becerileri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Doğu Anadolu’ nun orta ölçekli bir ilindeki devlet üniversitesinin Eğitim Fakültesi Okul Öncesi Öğretmenliği Bölümünde öğrenim gören 53 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının öz yönetimli öğrenme becerilerindeki değişimi belirlemek amacıyla tek grup öntest sontest deseni oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada nicel verilerin elde edilmesinde “Öz Yönetimli Öğrenme Becerileri” ölçeği ve nitel veriler için de “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Mülakat Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma süresince toplamda 14 hafta boyunca haftada 2 ders saati olmak üzere adaylara Montessori yaklaşım temelli STEM eğitimleri verilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen nicel verilerin analizi ilişkili örneklem t testi ile nitel verilerin analizi ise içerik analizi ile yapılmıştır. İçerik analizinde verilerin kodlaması yapıldıktan sonra, kodlama yapılan verilerin temaları yazılmıştır. Araştırmanın geçerliliğine katkı sağlamak için, bulgular bölümünde katılımcı grubun doğrudan alıntılarına yer verilmiş ayrıca katılımcı teyidi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri analizinin güvenirliğine katkı sunmak için, veri analizi esnasında beş uzman tarafından sonuçların birbiri ile tutarlılığı kontrol edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öz yönetimli öğrenme becerilerinin öntest ve sontest puanları arasında, anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu ve yapılan nitel analiz sonuçlarının da bu farkı gelişim yönünde desteklediği gözlenmiştir. Bu gelişimler öğretmen adaylarının mülakatlarında eğitimlerin kişisel ve sosyal gelişimlerine oldukça katkı sağladıklarını, bir konu hakkında öğrenme ve öğretme becerisi kazanma konusunda yardımcı olduğunu belirten ifadelerinden tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda Montessori yaklaşımı temelli STEM eğitimlerinin okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının özgüven, sebat gösterme, kendi kendine planlı öğrenme, öz değerlendirme yapabilme gibi öz yönetimli öğrenme becerilerinin geliştiği yorumu yapılabilir.

Language: English

DOI: 10.19160/e-ijer.1038793

ISSN: 1309-6265

Abstract/Notes: Rad dovodi u relaciju teoriju samoaktualizacije (Abrahama Maslowa), teoriju optimalnih iskustava (Michaela Csikszentmihalyi-a) i mogućnosti za njihovo ostvarenje u školi. Maslow (1963.) prepoznaje vrhunska iskustva, a Csikszentmihalyi (2006.) trenutke zanesenosti kao istinske trenutke sreće i samoostvarenja/samoaktualizacije. Maslow kao i Lev Vygotsky (1978.) prepoznaje ključan utjecaj socio-kulturalnog okruženja na razvoj djeteta kao preduvjet za razvoj i samoaktualizaciju pojedinca. Imajući u vidu proksimalan razvoj djeteta i njegovu težnju za aktualizacijom potrebno je školsko iskustvo što više približiti vrhunskim iskustvima ili zanesenosti kako bi se omogućilo što uspješnije sudjelovanje učenika u školi. Reformski pedagozi poput Johanna Heinricha Pestalozzija, Johna Deweya i Marije Montessori još prije više od stotinjak godina prepoznaju situacije u školi kada djeca doživljavaju optimalna iskustva i svojim djelovanjem pokušavaju osigurati uvjete u školi za ostvarivanje istih. Tradicionalna pedagogija koja prevladava u školama danas, na žalost, svojim organizacijskim elementima rijetko osigurava uvjete nužne za ostvarivanje optimalnih i vrhunskih iskustava u školi. [This paper brings in relation the theory of self-actualization (by Abraham Maslow), the theory of optimal experience (by Michael Csikszentmihaly) and the opportunities for their realization at school. Maslow (1963) recognizes superior experience and Csikszentmihaly (2006) the moments of rapture as the moments of genuine happiness and self-realization/self-actualization. Maslow, as well as Lev Vigotsky (1978), recognizes the key influence of socio-cultural environment on child development as a precondition for the development and self-actualization of the individual. Having in mind the child’s proximal development and his aspiration for actualization it is necessary to bring closer school experience to superior experience or to rapture as much as possible, in order to enable as successful participation of pupils at school as possible. Reform pedagogues like Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, John Dewey and Maria Montessori even more than a hundred years ago recognized the situations at school when children experienced optimal experience and by their actions they tried to provide conditions at school for realization of this experience. Traditional pedagogy that prevails at schools today, unfortunately, by its organizational elements rarely provides conditions necessary for the realization of optimal and superior experience at school.]

Language: Croatian

ISSN: 1330-0059

Abstract/Notes: This study investigated the impact of Montessori didactic method and direct instruction method on the self-esteem of pupils with hearing impairment in Lagos State, Nigeria. !e employed pre- and post-tests quasi-experimental research design. A total of 29 pupils with hearing impairment were purposively selected and participated in the study with 9, 10, 10 participants in treatment and control groups through non-bias randomisation. Index of Self-Esteem (ISE) developed by Hudson (1982) was adapted and revalidated with the reliability of 0.77 and 0.76, respectively using concurrent validity and test retest reliability. !e treatment lasted nine weeks. !e study revealed that self-esteem significantly differs among pupils with hearing impairment across the experimental groups. !e Montessori didactic group had a higher mean score than the direct instruction method, but both were better when compared to the control group. In addition, the experimental group did not significantly differ due to gender. It was recommended that teachers of pupils with hearing impairment should use both Montessori Didactic and Direct Instructions to reduce children’s social and emotional impairment and increase their social functioning

Language: English

ISSN: 0354-8759

Abstract/Notes: The Montessori method in the learning process, which is based on the principle of the Montessori method that a child's education appears to coincide with the stages of the potential development of learners. The characteristic of the Montesssori method is to emphasize the activities that are raised by the children themselves which can stimulate students to learn actively in learning and can develop students' potential. In this study, researchers used qualitative methods using a case study approach, while the data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. In collecting data, researchers used the Spradly data analysis model. Data analysis was carried out. It was concluded that the Montessori method is also a method that can develop the potential of students, so it is necessary to introduce the Montessori method in more depth to educators at SD Tiga Bahasa Rukun Harapan, namely by application of understanding to educators regarding the Montessori method.

Language: Indonesian

DOI: 10.55962/metanoia.v5i1.85

ISSN: 2716-2885

Language: Japanese

ISSN: 0913-4220

Language: Japanese

ISSN: 0913-4220

Abstract/Notes: The modern world requires a new mindset for people to enable them to become self-evaluating human beings. Kegan (1994) termed this complex system of mind the self-authorship. This is the ability to generate belief systems and intrapersonal states internally. The self-authorship analyses are culturally diverse. This paper presents two theories, namely the concept of self-authorship by Baxter Magolda (1998, 2001) and Obuchowski’s (2000, 2006) theory of self-authoring personality. The latter remains a framework of the description of central psychosocial attributes for the self-authoring personality of Montessori School graduates. The self-authoring studies of diagnostic character aimed at qualification of the authoring personality standard as well as subjective denotations of authoring attributes of the Montessori School graduates. The study covered 69 former students (56.5% women, 43.5% men) of the state Primary Montessori School in Lublin. The self-authoring personality standard was qualified using The Self-Authoring Personality Questionnaire elaborated by Obuchowski and colleagues (Blachnio & Obuchowski, 2011). The personal denotations conferred on authoring attributes were examined by means of the questionnaire My Experiences based on the adaptation of Self-Confrontation Method by Hermans (1991). The level of self-authoring personality in female and male groups was high and characterised by similar values. In the personal statements the persons being examined described themselves as those who perceive themselves as a source of behaviour and the own aims were object of their projects designed for accomplishment in relation with the other people. As follows from the data, the participants of the study acquired skills indispensable for making individual decisions about themselves and the outer world.

Language: Polish

DOI: 10.31338/2657-6007.KP.2022-2.5

ISSN: 0023-5938, 2657-6007

Abstract/Notes: Who was Maybanke? To her contemporaries she was... "About the most intellectual woman in Australia. A tower of strength for good, the world is a better place because she lived in it and beautified it." - The Sydney Morning Herald. "With the late Miss Rose Scott, Mrs Anderson was the driving force behind the women's agitation that culminated in women's suffrage in New South Wales...an able speaker and voluminous writer on all subjects in the interests of women and children." - The Daily Telegraph. "Without doubt the ablest woman in NSW. One may truthfully say this noble lady's life was one of almost incalculable benefit to her country...A genius for initiating movements for education and social betterment" - Professor H. Tasman Lovell, Australia's first professor of psychology. Read Maybanke's 'WOMANS VOICE' and make up your own mind.

Language: English

Published: Avalon Beach, New South Wales, Australia: Ruskin Rowe Press, 2001

ISBN: 978-0-9587095-3-8 0-9587095-3-X

Abstract/Notes: Students who develop and apply their self-directed learning skills have advantages in school over those who do not (Betts & Knapp, 1981; Candy, 1991; Guglielmino, 1977; Schunk & Zimmerman, 2012). This is because self-directed learning (SDL) skills enable autonomous learning where students self-initiate, solve problems, develop new ideas, and monitor themselves with minimal external guidance (Knowles, 1976; Zimmerman, 2000). Despite the importance of these skills, research shows that few students consistently engage in SDL (Dent & Koenka, 2016; Zimmerman & Schunk, 2001). Because of SDL's multi-faceted and complex nature, it is difficult to discern why this is the case (Dent & Koenka, 2016; Zimmerman & Schunk, 2001). Multiple dynamic, interacting factors, including maturation, environmental supports, and historical events, likely contribute to students’ SDL development (Hoyle & Dent, 2017). As such, recent literature suggests that a relational dynamic systems (RDS) approach can help elucidate the dynamic, context-dependent patterns by which SDL skills unfold (Hoyle & Dent, 2017). According to RDS theories, development occurs within multi-level, interacting, relational systems; therefore, the bi-directional relationship between the person and their environment should be the unit of analysis (Lerner et al., 2011). This study aimed to provide a systematic investigation of the development of SDL skills, accounting for important contextual and developmental influences as well as individual pathways. Adolescence appears to be an optimal time for students to gain SDL skills (Brown, 1978; Brown et al., 1983); hence, this study focused on that developmental period. Also, because the Montessori educational approach is conducive to SDL skill development (Lillard, 2017; Rathunde, 2009, 2014), it was used as the school backdrop for this study. Furthermore, during data collection, a global pandemic caused by COVID-19 impacted school environments and was also included as a developmental context in this study. Specifically, this study utilized a longitudinal convergent mixed methods design to (1) identify patterns of SDL skill development across adolescence, (2) illustrate the reasons for those changes, and (3) illuminate the indirect effect of COVID-19 on students’ SDL. Emergent themes from student interviews conducted over four years augmented growth curve analysis results from an accelerated longitudinal design utilizing student surveys to address the research questions. Descriptive, correlational, multi-level model (MLM), and repeated-measures ANOVA analyses of student survey responses across four years (4 waves) of data collection with students grades 7 through 12 (n = 284) were applied to address the quantitative research questions. Emergent themes, derived through thematic analysis of 29 interviews, or 11 cases of students with a range of SDL skills (average, above average, and below average), addressed the qualitative research questions. Finally, quantitative results and qualitative findings were combined and compared to investigate convergence, divergence, and expansion areas that addressed integrative research questions. Findings shed important light on the development of adolescent students’ SDL skills across adolescence. Quantitative results and qualitative analyses were combined to address the research question: Do adolescent students’ SDL skills increase, decrease, or remain stable throughout middle school and high school? Findings resulted in areas of convergence and divergence across methods. Despite some diverging quantitative results, namely a non-significant growth model, other quantitative results, a non-significant no-growth model and descriptive plots, converged with qualitative findings from student interviews to suggest that within and between students, SDL skill development can include a combination of growth, decline, or stability over time. Findings from this study also suggest that each SDL skill can develop on its own timetable. Also, findings suggest a developmental pattern whereby SDL skills vary more in middle school than in high school. These findings have begun to disentangle contradictory results of earlier SDL research (e.g., Heater, 2005; Pajares & Valiante, 2002; Reio & Ward, 2005). From a practice perspective, the findings imply that it may benefit students to have tailored interventions that meet them where they are developmentally, considering each SDL skill individually and all together. The second integrative research question that was addressed in this study was: What roles do factors like grade level and the Montessori learning environment play in SDL development? Quantitative results and qualitative findings converged to suggest that students' SDL skills develop, at least in part, as a factor of the length of time a student has been immersed in the Montessori program. The findings also show that a student’s maturation may play a role in SDL skill development, especially when environmental contexts are supportive. In addition, qualitative interviews with students identified features of the Montessori program, such as open work time, scaffolded opportunities to be self-directed, autonomy support, and supportive teachers that aided students in their SDL development, which also aligns with the literature (Zumbrunn et al., 2011). This finding strengthens prior research, which found cursory evidence for how Montessori schools support the development of SDL skills (Ervin et al., 2010). In addition, quantitative results and qualitative findings diverged for the third overarching research question: Have changes in the learning environment associated with COVID-19 shaped the development of students’ SDL skills? If so, how? Although the quantitative results from this study failed to detect any indirect effects of the impact of COVID-19 on students’ SDL, qualitative findings found that changes in their learning environment as a result of COVID-19 impacted students’ SDL both negatively and positively. Research has also found that the global pandemic drastically impacted the school environment, so it is most likely that the quantitative measure failed to detect an effect (Huck & Zhang, 2021; Tarkar, 2020). Furthermore, in the interviews, most students reported a combination of negative experiences (e.g., more distractions at home, lowered motivation, fewer social interactions, higher stress, and missing in-school learning) as well as positive experiences (e.g., increased time management, access to resources, multi-tasking, organization, ability to shut out distractions, and time to sleep) that impacted their SDL abilities. Qualitative findings from this study extend prior research by providing student accounts of their experiences, including silver linings (Wilson et al., 2020). Despite its limitations, this study revealed important exploratory findings about how students’ SDL skills can develop across adolescence. Areas of convergence across qualitative and quantitative methodologies underscore the reliability of the study findings. There were also unique quantitative and qualitative findings that extend prior research and provide important implications for future research and practice.

Language: English

Published: Claremont, California, 2023

Abstract/Notes: The children of the kindergarten school age between 3 - 5 are known to be a special time in the lives of children. It is a crucial stage of life in which a child develops himself/herself physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially. This study was critical analyze the “Role of Kindergarten System of Education in Developing Emotion Behavior and Self-Control  in Children in Rawalpindi City. The main objectives of the study are  (i) To analyze the role of kindergarten system in the promotion of social skills. It was descriptive type of research. The population of study was teachers of private kindergarten schools and their teachers in Rawalpindi city.  A sample of 200 teachers were taken from this known population. Random sampling technique was used to select sample for present study. The researcher was used questionnaire technique to collect data.  After polite testing the researcher were find the validity report on the basis of using Cronbach’s Alpha  which is 0.77. The main discussion that is important in this study is that there are many type of social skills which are play a vital role in the development of the students on both level, physicaly and mently. Students show attrection in begning days of their school. The conclusion of the study that many teachers said that they used friendly approach to teach children and they encouraged their students to take part in classroom activities. They said that they always encouraged their students when they asked question during lesson. The major recommendations of the study were Teachers may use group activities and team work in students of Montessori system to improve their social skills and the Kindergarten program provides children with experiences to help them learn to value and respect individual contributions as well as cultural identity and heritage.

Language: English

ISSN: 2309-8678, 2312-3605