Abstract/Notes: Il contributo ha un taglio storico con attenzione all’attualità e si occupa della pedagogia montessoriana, che è recentemente al centro di un dibattito vivace in Italia e di nuove sperimentazioni. Esso vuole mostrare il notevole valore etico e sociale presente nella proposta di Maria Montessori: un valore che attualmente è un po’ trascurato a livello divulgativo, perché la concezione montessoriana viene ridotta in alcuni casi a un metodo didattico (arredi a misura di bambino, materiali scientifici, maestra unica). Per questo motivo, l’autrice del contributo analizza il Discorso inaugurale in occasione dell’apertura di una Casa dei bambini nel 1907, scritto e pronunciato da Maria Montessori, focalizzandosi su alcuni temi. Il primo tema è quello degli spazi: il Discorso mette in luce come Montessori pensava al valore simbolico e sociale delle Case dei bambini e alla loro importanza per il recupero di situazioni di degrado e di miseria. Il secondo tema è quello del profilo professionale della maestra: le parole di Montessori mostrano come l’insegnante ha una importante funzione sociale ed è la persona che cresce i futuri cittadini favorendone la consapevolezza critica attraverso una relazione fondata sull’autonomia. Una rilettura dell’opera montessoriana in questa luce ci sprona anche a rivedere le proposte di altri pensatori della nostra storia culturale non come metodi didattici, pur innovativi e interessanti, ma anche e soprattutto nel loro messaggio sociale. Questa prospettiva appare sempre più urgente e doverosa in un’epoca come la nostra, che si trova ad affrontare problemi molto gravi riguardo alle condizioni dell’infanzia. [The contribution has a historical focus with attention to current affairs and deals with Montessori education, which has recently been at the centre of a lively debate in Italy and new experiments. It wants to show the remarkable ethical and social value present in the proposal of Maria Montessori: a value that is currently somewhat neglected at the level of popularization because the Montessori concept is reduced in some cases to an educational method (child-friendly furnishings, materials and methods, single teacher). For this reason, the author of the contribution analyzes the inaugural speech on the occasion of the opening of a Children's Home in 1907, written and pronounced by Maria Montessori, focusing on some themes. The first theme is that of spaces: the Discourse highlights how Montessori thought of the symbolic and social value of the homes of children and their importance for the recovery of situations of degradation and misery. The second theme is that of the professional profile of the teacher: the words of Montessori show how the teacher has an important social function and is the person who grows future citizens, encouraging critical awareness through a relationship based on autonomy. A reinterpretation of the Montessori work in this light also encourages us to review the proposals of other authors of our cultural history not as educational methods, although innovative and interesting, but also and above all in their social message. This perspective appears ever more urgent and necessary in our age, which is facing very serious problems concerning the conditions of childhood.]

Language: Italian

DOI: 10.5902/1984644434579

ISSN: 1984-6444

Language: German

ISSN: 0948-5503

Abstract/Notes: La presente investigación de tipo mixto tuvo como objetivo determinar la actitud de las maestras de pre-primaria y primaria baja de un colegio privado con sedes en zona 15 de la ciudad de Guatemala y Carretera a El Salvador sobre la metodología Montessori. La población estuvo conformada por 30 maestras encargadas de grado, 4 guías Montessori y un experto en metodología Montessori. Se utilizó muestreo no probabilístico. Para este estudio se utilizaron tres instrumentos, en la parte cuantitativa se trabajó con un cuestionario anónimo para disponer de confiabilidad por parte de los sujetos y en la parte cualitativa se utilizaron dos entrevistas diferentes. Como segundo instrumento, la entrevista la contestaron cuatro guías Montessori y un tercer instrumento, una entrevista dirigida a un experto en metodología Montessori, enriqueciendo de esta forma los datos recabados con el cuestionario. Se concluyó que las maestras de preprimaria y primaria baja de ambas sedes manifiestan una actitud altamente positiva hacia la metodología Montessori. Una de las recomendaciones más importantes es que se sugiere a la institución educativa con el fin de mantener la actitud altamente positiva de las guías Montessori realizar capacitaciones continuas y que de esta forma puedan tener siempre presentes las bases de la metodología, de tal manera que las maestras apliquen el método convencidas de la efectividad del mismo.

Language: Spanish

Published: Guatemala City, Guatemala, 2018

Abstract/Notes: Cette bibliographie sans prétendre être exhaustive montre la densité croissante des recherches historiques sur Maria Montessori réalisées en Italie ces vingt dernières années. Il existe parmi nos collègues transalpins un réseau de chercheurs en la matière où les pionniers : Clara Tornar, Giacomo Cives et Paola Trabalzini, entraînent à leur suite une pléiade de chercheurs comme Fulvio De Giorgi, Renato Foschi, Tiziana Pironi ou Erica Moretti. D’où la variété des travaux qui laissent de moins en moins de zones d’ombre dans l’œuvre de la pédagogue et dans son action. La formation de Maria Montessori imprégnée du positivisme scientifique ambiant, ses liens, parfois contradictoires, avec l’Église catholique, la théosophie et la maçonnerie, son engagement social aux côtés des féministes et des enfants des classes pauvres, ses rapports à la psychanalyse, ses relations ambigües avec le pouvoir y compris fasciste, etc. sont passés au peigne fin. Cependant, tout n’est pas encore exploré concernant Maria Montessori et, surtout, le mouvement qu’elle a fondé. Les enfants qui bénéficièrent de la pédagogie montessorienne et leur devenir scolaire restent sous-étudiés, ainsi que la place du montessorisme dans l’école publique, question sensible pour les Français. Mais le travail de nos collègues italiens a largement ouvert la voie... [This bibliography, without claiming to be exhaustive, shows the increasing density of historical research on Maria Montessori carried out in Italy over the past twenty years. Among our transalpine colleagues there is a network of researchers in the field where the pioneers: Clara Tornar, Giacomo Cives and Paola Trabalzini, lead a host of researchers like Fulvio De Giorgi, Renato Foschi, Tiziana Pironi or Erica Moretti. Hence the variety of work that leaves less and less gray areas in the work of the pedagogue and in his action. Maria Montessori's training, steeped in the prevailing scientific positivism, her links, sometimes contradictory, with the Catholic Church, theosophy and Masonry, her social commitment alongside feminists and children from the poor classes, her relationship to psychoanalysis, her ambiguous relations with power, including fascists, etc. have been combed through. However, not everything has yet been explored concerning Maria Montessori and, above all, the movement she founded. The children who benefited from Montessorian pedagogy and their future at school remain under-studied, as well as the place of Montessorism in public schools, a sensitive issue for the French. But the work of our Italian colleagues has largely paved the way...]

Language: French

DOI: 10.3917/etsoc.175.0201

ISSN: 0014-2204

Language: German

Published: Würzburg, Germany: Ergon, 1996

ISBN: 3-928034-90-1

Language: German

Published: Würzburg, Germany: Königshausen und Neumann, 1990

ISBN: 3-88479-423-X

Abstract/Notes: Reformpädagogik gilt bis heute als »magische Größe«. Ihre Anhänger verzaubert sie mit der eingängigen Formel: Nicht nur »naturgemäß« soll Erziehung sein, sondern auch wertschätzend, praxisnah und individuell. So verspricht sie Heilung (von falscher Pädagogik) und argumentiert scheinheilig: Sowohl »begradigen« als auch »überwinden« sind unverzichtbare Bestandteile ihres Kanons pädagogischer Leitbegriffe. Die Kindheitskonzepte von Maria Montessori und Ellen Key werden besonders dafür geschätzt, dass sie das »Leben« feiern. Dabei argumentieren sie mitunter allerdings wenig lebensbejahend. Besonders augenfällig ist, dass sie vor allem gesunde, normale und folgsame Kinder besonders wertschätzen. Der ideale Nachwuchs soll sowohl folgsam als auch unauffällig sein: Nicht jedes Kind ist aus sich heraus wertvoll. Daher appellieren sie an künftige Eltern, möglichst nur den richtigen Erbanlagen ins Leben zu verhelfen (was nicht zwangsläufig die eigenen sind). Überhaupt haben beide sehr konkrete Vorstellungen davon, wie Kinder sein müssen... und was passieren könnte, wenn sie nicht sind, wie sie sein sollen. [Reform pedagogy is still considered a »magic factor« today. She enchants her followers with the catchy formula: Education should not only be »natural«, but also appreciative, practical and individual. So she promises healing (from false pedagogy) and hypocritically argues: Both "straighten" and "overcome" are indispensable components of her canon of pedagogical guiding principles. Maria Montessori and Ellen Key's concepts of childhood are particularly valued for their celebration of "life." Sometimes, however, their arguments are not very life-affirming. What is particularly striking is that they particularly appreciate healthy, normal and obedient children. The ideal offspring should be both obedient and inconspicuous: not every child is valuable in and of itself. They therefore appeal to future parents to only help the right hereditary factors into life (which are not necessarily their own). In general, both have very specific ideas about how children should be... and what could happen if they aren't how they should be.]

Language: German

Published: Paderborn, Germany: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2013

ISBN: 978-3-657-77324-4 3-657-77324-X 978-3-506-77324-1

Abstract/Notes: Dr. Maria Montessori is one of the most recognized women in the world for her work in educating children. Although there are many studies and writings on her work, there is still much to know about his career, especially in the years of the connection with Barcelona and Catalonia. In this paper I intend to provide some new data on the reasons and circumstances of her arrival and her first international course in Barcelona. The Mancomunitat of Catalonia organized around her educational proposal many of the projects to improve that Catalan society at the beginning of the century. Eladi Homs was one of the people in charge of managing these first years. The recovery of his personal correspondence has given birth to hitherto unknown information. Dr. Montessori’s collaboration with Catalan institutions was cut short in 1922 but she recovered much more strongly from 1929 when she returned to live in Barcelona. Knowing better the details and circumstances of her work and influence in Barcelona gives us clues to understand the subsequent evolution of the so-called Catalan pedagogical renewal that is still very much alive today / La doctora Maria Montessori és una de les dones més reconegudes mundialment per la tasca a favor de l’educació dels infants. Tot i que disposem de molts estudis i escrits sobre la seva obra, hi ha encara molt per conèixer sobre la seva trajectòria, especialment en els anys de la vinculació amb Barcelona i Catalunya. En aquest article pretenc aportar algunes dades noves sobre els motius i circumstàncies de la seva arribada i el primer Curs Internacional a Barcelona. Al voltant de la seva proposta educativa, la Mancomunitat va aglutinar molts dels projectes que tenia per millorar aquella societat catalana de principis de segle. Eladi Homs va ser un dels encarregats de gestionar aquests primers anys. La recuperació de la seva correspondència personal ha donat llum a molta informació fins ara desconeguda. La col·laboració de la doctora Montessori amb les institucions catalanes es veu estroncada el 1922, però es recupera amb molta més força a partir del 1929, quan torna a viure a Barcelona. El fet de conèixer més bé els detalls i circumstàncies de la seva obra i influència a Barcelona ens dona pistes per entendre l’evolució posterior de l’anomenada renovació pedagògica catalana, que encara continua ben viva avui. / La doctora María Montessori es una de las mujeres más reconocidas mundialmente por su labor a favor de la educación de los niños. Aunque disponemos de muchos estudios y escritos sobre su obra, queda todavía mucho por conocer sobre su trayectoria, especialmente en los años de la vinculación con Barcelona y Cataluña. En este artículo pretendo aportar algunos datos nuevos sobre los motivos y circunstancias de su llegada y su primer Curso Internacional en Barcelona. La Mancomunitat de Catalunya aglutinó muchos de los proyectos que tenía para mejorar aquella sociedad catalana de principios de siglo alrededor de su propuesta educativa. Eladi Homs fue uno de los encargados de gestionar estos primeros años. La recuperación de su correspondencia personal ha dado luz a mucha información hasta ahora desconocida. La colaboración de la doctora Montessori con las instituciones catalanas se ve truncada en 1922, pero se recupera con mucha más fuerza a partir de 1929, cuando vuelve a vivir en Barcelona. El hecho de conocer mejor los detalles y circunstancias de su obra e influencia en Barcelona nos da pistas para entender la posterior evolución de la llamada renovación pedagógica catalana, que aún continúa viva hoy.

Language: Catalan

DOI: 10.2436/e&h.v0i40.150355

ISSN: 2013-9632, 1134-0258

Abstract/Notes: Following the more recent and up-to-date literary criticism, the article outlines the biog- raphy and the complicated cultural and scientific route of Maria Montessori. The main stages of her psycho-pedagogical works are underlined, as well as the origin and develop- ment of the enterprise she furthered in special education and in children’s care. Through the analysis of a large review of both traditional and recent studies about Maria Montessori and her work, it stands out the Montessorian conception of a scientific pedagogy. This one, based on the Positivistic culture, is not extraneous to other influences, such as the Itard’s Sensism, and the theosophical suggestions about an aesthetic and moral perfecting of the human being through the exercising of his sensibility. The Montessori’s idea of spir- itual embryo can be referred to the Neo-evolutionist theories and to religious contamina- tions from different sources. It is so possible to outline the eclectic connotation of the anthropological – and then psycho-pedagogical – thought that the researcher and peda- gogue Maria Montessori had worked out.

Language: French

ISSN: 1971-1093, 1971-1131

Language: German