Abstract/Notes: With the publication of The Century of the Child in Sweden (1900), which was immediately translated in many European countries and in the United States, Ellen Key’s theories start to be applied to educational experiences in spaces and environments reconsidered for children’s well-being: the aesthetic and pedagogical dimensions are integrated in the context of the landscape and the city. The pedagogical value of school buildings and furniture becomes an antidote to the degradation and disintegration of the human personality. During the course of the twentieth century, some innovative educational experiences, like those of Maria Montessori and Margherita Zoebeli, which share the idea of the harmonic development of all child’s potentials, give new importance to the versatility of spaces and the aesthetic quality of the school environment, which becomes a cornerstone for the promotion and development of the whole society. In face of tragic events like wars and dictatorships, there is an awareness that, between the Spartan model of a school-barracks, aimed at the education of soldiers, and Socrates’ model of the school-agora’, in order to foster an open, inclusive society it is the latter that must be chosen. Following this thread, we analyze the discussion that developed in Italy in the years after the Second World War among architects, city planners and pedagogues looking for innovative solutions, which were in large part disregarded.

Language: English

DOI: 10.6092/issn.1970-2221/6712

ISSN: 1970-2221

Abstract/Notes: La pédagogie Montessori semble aujourd’hui bien installée dans le paysage des pédagogies alternatives. Ses particularités : un héritage de l’Éducation nouvelle, une rupture avec la forme scolaire, mais aussi, par l’intermédiaire d’un matériel médiateur, un changement dans relation éducative adultes / enfants. Comment la qualifier ? Quels sont ses spécificités, ses invariants ? Parce qu’elle repose sur des valeurs comme l’épanouissement de l’élève, le développement de ses capacités, de ses réussites ; mais aussi sur une posture de l’adulte-éducateur particulière, suffisamment en retrait pour ne pas gêner l’élève, tout en étant une ressource, une béquille, une source de motivation pour se mettre au travail, cette pédagogie pourrait, pour ces raisons, contribuer au bien-être de l’élève à l’école. Et s’il s’agissait d’une éthique éducative basée sur l’empathie ? C’est en mettant en perspective certains écrits de la pédagogue avec des exemples de situations de classe que nous proposons de réfléchir à cette question, en adoptant une posture de recherche qui mêle l’herméneutique textuelle et l’observation ethnographique. / The Montessori method seems to be well established in the landscape of alternative pedagogies today. Its particularities: a heritage of the Progressive Education, a rupture of the formal schooling, but also through the intermediary of a mediating material, a change in the educational relationship between adults and children. How can it be qualified? What are its specificities, its invariants? Because it is based on values related to the development of the student, to his capacities, to his successes; but also on a very particular role of the adult educator, sufficiently step back in order not to disturb the pupil, while being a resource, a crutch, a source of motivation to start working, this method seems, for these reasons, to contribute to the well-being of the student in school. Should it be an educational ethic based on empathy? It is by putting into perspective some writings of the pedagogue with examples of class situations that we propose to reflect on this question, by adopting a research posture that mixes textual hermeneutics and ethnographic observation.

Language: French

DOI: 10.4000/edso.22685

ISSN: 0992-3705

Language: German

Published: Wien, Austria: Jugend & Volk, 2020

ISBN: 978-3-7100-4362-8 3-7100-4362-X

Language: German

Published: Wien, Austria: Jugend & Volk, 2020

ISBN: 978-3-7100-4362-8 3-7100-4362-X

Abstract/Notes: La proposition pédagogique de Maria Montessori, au début du XXème siècle, était une alternative à l’enseignement traditionnel. Elle connait, un siècle plus tard, un engouement sans précédent dans l’école maternelle publique française. Quatre éléments contextuels en ont permis l’émergence : l’évolution de la prescription institutionnelle à l’égard de l’école maternelle ; des enseignants confrontés à des demandes sociétales et institutionnelles paradoxales ; des pratiques pédagogiques qui s’essoufflent ; une motivation des enseignants à faire faire évoluer ces mêmes pratiques. Une primarisation croissante de l’école maternelle en conflit avec une demande sociétale de prise en compte plus individuelle de l’enfant a en effet déstabilisé le corps enseignant créant ainsi les conditions d’un changement de pratiques. Dans ce développement, les réseaux créés sur Internet ont joué un rôle majeur pour permettre cette entrée en pédagogie Montessori, entre adaptation à la réalité des classes et conformité aux demandes institutionnelles. Au-delà des raisons qui ont présidé à la naissance de ce mouvement, il s’agit également, dans cet article, de retracer le parcours des premiers enseignants. Comment sont-ils parvenus à la pédagogie Montessori, se sont-ils formés à cette pédagogie et si oui de quelle façon ? [At the beginning of the 20th century, Maria Montessori's pedagogical was an alternative to traditional teaching. A century later, it is experiencing an unprecedented craze in French public nursery schools. Four contextual elements have enabled it to emerge: the evolution of institutional prescription with regard to nursery schools; teachers confronted with paradoxical societal and institutional demands; educational practices that are running out of steam; and teachers' motivation to change these same practices. The nursery schools becoming more like elementary schools in conflict with a societal demand for more individual attention to children has destabilized the teaching profession, thus creating the conditions for a change in practices. In this development, the networks created on the Internet have played a major role in allowing this entry into Montessori pedagogy, between adaptation to the reality of the classes and compliance with institutional demands. Beyond the reasons that led to the birth of this movement, this article also aims to retrace the career paths of the first teachers. How did they come to Montessori pedagogy, did they learn this pedagogy and if so in what way?]

Language: French

DOI: 10.3917/spec.012.0014

ISSN: 2256-7186, 2426-6272

Abstract/Notes: Across development, experience has a strong impact on the way we think and adapt. School experience affects academic and social-emotional outcomes, yet the extent to which pedagogy modulates underlying brain network development is still unknown. In this study, we compared brain network dynamics of students with different pedagogical backgrounds. Specifically, we characterized the diversity and stability of brain activity at rest by combining both resting-state fMRI and diffusion-weighted structural imaging data of 87 4-18 years-old students experiencing either the Montessori pedagogy (i.e., student-led, trial-and-error pedagogy) or the traditional pedagogy (i.e., teacher-led, test-based pedagogy). Our results revealed spatiotemporal brain dynamics differences between students as a function of schooling experience at the whole-brain level. Students from Montessori schools showed overall higher functional integration (higher system diversity) and neural stability (lower spatiotemporal diversity) compared to traditionally-schooled students. Higher integration was explained mainly through the cerebellar (CBL) functional network, while higher temporal stability was observed in the ventral attention (VA), dorsal attention (DA), somatomotor (SM), frontoparietal (FP), and CBL functional networks. This study suggests a form of experience-dependent dynamic functional connectivity plasticity, in learning-related networks.

Language: English

Published: Sep 21, 2023

Abstract/Notes: Alternative pedagogies have become international, and Montessori pedagogy has become widespread throughout the world, as there are Montessori schools in almost every capital city in the world. This pedagogy focuses on the child holistic. It requires a positive, caring attitude from the educator toward the learner/student, making the learning method playful and entertaining, thus yielding better results in terms of performance and teaching. As for our country Morocco, and according to the literature review studied, the existing studies remain limited in this sense, to address this limitation, this article presents a state of play of Montessori pedagogy in Morocco from a qualitative point of view, based on a semi-directive interview conducted with Montessori pedagogy instructors who belong to the following cities: Casablanca, Marrakech, and Tangiers. According to this survey, there are Montessori schools in the cities studied. Educators and mothers have recently become interested in this pedagogy. The instructors provide the training and ensure the transitional post-training phase to better adopt and practice this pedagogy. Several areas need to be adapted to the Moroccan context, including language, culture, and geography. Keywords: Montessori pedagogy, the state of the art, Morocco. https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.6.16

Language: English

DOI: 10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.6.16

ISSN: 1674-2974

Abstract/Notes: At the turn of the twentieth century, Western European governments embarked on anti-terrorist agendas, labelling certain ethnicities as undesirable for spreading revolutionary ideas and criminal degeneracy. Several educational experiments emerged intending to eliminate the so-called degenerate element. Academics rarely consider this influence within famous examples by Maria Montessori (1870–1952) in Italy and Janusz Korczak (1878–1942) in Poland. Indeed, the conflation of the two educators obscures that each held opposing views in this critical debate. Years of war and revolution in Polish territories had produced multitudes of orphans, traumatised children and child soldiers. Following Polish independence in 1918, tensions remained high between ethnic minorities and ethno-nationalists. Social pedagogues aimed to rebuild society by drawing on Polish communitarian theories on rights and conflict. Engaging with this history of ideas related to cosmopolitanism and communitarianism disrupts dominant ideas within debates on human rights and citizenship. This article challenges the usual depiction of Korczak’s philosophical position aligned with cosmopolitan ideas on children’s rights. Associated historical research reveals that Polish social pedagogy emerged with the understanding of human rights as situated, embedded and embodied within time and place. Social activists rejected utopian visions to embrace the local conditions at the time, including the violent realities of Polish society, where teachers were often revolutionaries and terrorists. The orphanages established by Korczak functioned as sociological research centres emphasising human rights and democratic ideals while aiming to influence surrounding neighbourhoods. This article summarises Korczak’s worldview by reversing a famous epigram – it takes a child to raise a village. Such children’s rights pioneers envisaged that following years of imperialism and war, their model institutions would grow into a nationwide network fostering democracy and multiculturalism on a broader scale. In the current global context of conflict and anti-terrorist agendas, these institutions serve as critical case studies of possibilities.

Language: English

DOI: 10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2023.v12.x.012

ISSN: 2051-5804

Abstract/Notes: Pendidikan yang berpusat pada cinta sangat dibutuhkan anak karena banyak anak yang mengalami krisis cinta akibat mengalami kekerasan dari orang-orang di sekitarnya. Kurangnya cinta dalam pendidikan anak telah mengakibatkan kurangnya rasa percaya diri, mudah putus asa, tidak memiliki daya juang, menjadi antisosial, dan sebagainya. Karena itu, pendidikan agama Kristen berperan besar dalam menanamkan pemahaman tentang cinta kristiani, membentuk karakter anak yang penuh cinta, serta mempraktikkan cinta dalam kehidupan. Karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan pemikiran tentang penerapan teologi cinta Kristus dan pedagogi cinta Pestalozzi dalam pendidikan agama Kristen anak. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pendidikan agama Kristen anak berpusat pada cinta yang diterapkan berdasarkan teologi cinta Kristus dan pedagogi cinta Pestalozzi. Pendidik merupakan pribadi yang penuh cinta, tujuan dan materi pembelajaran memuat capaian dan bahasan tentang cinta kepada Allah, sesama, dan diri sendiri, metode pembelajaran bertujuan untuk mempromosikan cinta; dan evaluasi pembelajaran berfokus pada perkembangan sikap empati pada anak.   Kata kunci : Teologi Cinta, Pedagogi Cinta, Pendidikan Agama Kristen, Anak   Abstract Love centered education is needed by children because many children experience crisis of love due to violence from the people around them. Lack of love in children education will result in lack of self-confidence, easily discouraged, not having power to fight, being antisocial, and so on. Therefore, Christian religious education plays major role in instilling understanding of Christian love, forming the character of children who are full of love, and practicing love in their life. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to give ideas about the application of the theology of Christ's love and the pedagogy of love from Pestalozzi in the Christian religious education of children. The research method uses qualitative methods with literature study approach. The result of this research is that Christian religious education for children is centered on love which is applied based on the theology of Christ's love and the pedagogy of love from Pestalozzi. The educator is a person who is full of love, the goals and learning materials contain the topics about love to God, others, and oneself, the learning method aims to promote love; and evaluation of learning focuses on the development of love character in children.

Language: Indonesian

DOI: 10.51667/mjpkaud.v3i1.877

ISSN: 2798-6195

Abstract/Notes: Die Montessori-Pädagogik hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten auch in Österreich eine große Verbreitung gefunden – vor allem im Bereich des Kindergartens und der Grundschule. Wo immer Montessori-Einrichtungen mit der Arbeit beginnen, tauchen berechtigte Fragen nach der Wirksamkeit und Aktualität dieser Pädagogik auf, und zwar in verschiedener Hinsicht: Eltern fragen nach der Sinnhaftigkeit frei gewählter Arbeit, danach, wie sich die Altersmischung als charakteristisches Element dieser Pädagogik auf das kognitive und soziale Lernen der Kinder auswirkt, wie selbstreguliertes Lernen unterschiedlicher Kinder in der Praxis funktioniert und ob davon alle oder nur bestimmte Kinder profitieren können; Lehrkräfte fragen nach der Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Pädagogik und viele möchten wissen, ob den Kindern weiterführende Schulabschlüsse garantiert werden können. Zu alldem stellt sich die interessante Frage, welcher Stellenwert den so genannten neuen Medien in einer Pädagogik zukommen kann, die zu einer Zeit entstand, als noch niemand etwas von mediengestütztem Lernen ahnte. Im vorliegenden Sammelband werden diese und weitere zentrale Fragestellungen zur Montessori-Pädagogik forschungsbasiert beleuchtet und diskutiert.

Language: German

Published: Innsbruck, Germany: Studien Verlag, 2009

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 978-3-7065-4721-5 3-7065-4721-X

Series: Initiative neues Lernen