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Article

A Study of Social Education in Montessori Pedagogy / Montessori 사회교육에 관한 고찰

Available from: RISS

Publication: 유아교육연구 / Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, vol. 16, no. 2

Pages: 71-86

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Abstract/Notes: Montessori cared a great deal about social education, but her work in this area has been largely ignored. Emphasis has instead been disproportionately on her work with the individual. However, Montessori was very concerned with preparing an environment for the growth of the social individual. This study touches on five recommendations in her work directly related to social education. She was an advocate of 1) mixed-age grouping, 2) classrooms without doors and walls to allow children to move about freely, 3) daily routine training, 4) restricting teaching materials, and 5) learning cooperation through group activities. / Montessori에 의해 중요하게 다루어진 주제인 "사회교육"은 여러 가지 이유로 부정적인 입장에서 해석되어지거나, 도외시 되어왔다. 그의 교육사상에서 사회교육이 차지하고 있는 위치나 중요성을 볼 때 이와 같은 입장은 Montessori를 잘못 이해한 결과라 하겠다. 본 연구는 지금까지 맡은 부분 잘못 이해되어 왔던 그의 사회교육사상과 교육방법을 고찰한 것이다. Montessori의 사회교육에는 개별성과 사회성이 서로 상호보완의 긴장과 조화의 관계를 이루면서, 인생의 모든 단계에서의 인격의 통일성과 완전성을 위한 통합적인 노력이 이루어지고 있다. Montessori는 자신의 인류학, 생물학, 의학, 그리고 교육학적 지식을 총동원하여 사회교육적 이론과 바람직한 사회교육을 실현하는 교육방법을 정립하였다. 그의 사회교육은 교육의 한 분과가 아니라 교육의 총체적인 통할을 이루고 있다.

Language: Korean

ISSN: 1226-9565, 2733-9637

Book

Neuropedagogia e neurodidattica oppure DSA?: a scuola e a casa tutti possono riuscire: bambini, genitori, insegnanti, educatori e pedagogisti [Neuropedagogy and Neurodidactics or SLD?: Everyone can Succeed at School and at Home: Children, Parents, Teachers, Educators and Pedagogists]

Available from: Google Books

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Abstract/Notes: L’inquietudine, l’impulsività, l’estrema vivacità ed irrequietezza, le difficoltà di attenzione e concentrazione, di leggere, scrivere e far di conto, il rifiuto delle regole di convivenza e dell’apprendimento che caratterizzano la presenza a scuola di molti studenti, non sono sempre i “sintomi” osservabili del “segno” di una malattia, di un disturbo o di un bisogno speciale ma, più spesso, possono essere l’effetto non solo di percorsi apprenditivi o storie personali svantaggiate, quando non drammatiche, ma anche del loro non sapere “come fare”, del non saper “imparare ad imparare”, della mancanza di consapevolezza del funzionamento della propria attività mentale. Noi riteniamo, infatti, che esista una via di soluzione pedagogica o, meglio, neuropedagogica e non psicologica o psichiatrica, all’insuccesso scolastico ed umano di questi bambini. La neuropedagogia, che tiene conto anche delle ricerche di Maria Montessori e di Antoine de la Garanderie, infatti, è una nuova scienza dell’apprendimento, dell’educazione e della personalità fondata sulla dialettica del biologico e del sociale, una scienza che integra il sociale-educativo della pedagogia e il biologico della neurologia, alla luce dei processi storici, valoriali, filosofici, morali e spirituali. [The restlessness, the impulsiveness, the extreme vivacity and restlessness, the difficulties of attention and concentration, of reading, writing and arithmetic, the rejection of the rules of coexistence and learning that characterize the presence at school of many students , are not always the observable "symptoms" of the "sign" of a disease, a disorder or a special need but, more often, they can be the effect not only of learning paths or disadvantaged personal stories, when not dramatic, but also of their not knowing “how to do it”, of not knowing how to “learn to learn”, of the lack of awareness of the functioning of one's mental activity. We believe, in fact, that there is a way of pedagogical or, better still, neuropedagogical and not psychological or psychiatric solution to the scholastic and human failure of these children. Neuropedagogy, which also takes into account the researches of Maria Montessori and Antoine de la Garanderie, in fact, is a new science of learning, education and personality based on the dialectic of the biological and the social, a science that integrates the social -educational of pedagogy and the biological of neurology, in the light of historical, value, philosophical, moral and spiritual processes.]

Language: Italian

Published: Varazze, Savona, Italy: PM Edizioni, 2020

ISBN: 978-88-312-2242-6

Series: Il grande albero: rami tesi verso il sociale [The big tree: branches stretched towards the social] , 10

Book

A Critical Pedagogy of Resistance: 34 Pedagogues We Need to Know

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Language: English

Published: Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers, 2013

Master's Thesis

Pedagogy, Architecture and Disabilities: Redesigning a Special Needs School in Mexico City

Available from: Politecnico di Milano (Italy)

Americas, Architecture, Central America, Classroom environments, Design, Latin America and the Caribbean, Mexico

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Abstract/Notes: This research aims to understand the influence of pedagogical methods in the design of schools, focusing on inclusive schools. The type of research will be a qualitative one through theoretical analysis. The result is an architectural design project for a school for Down Syndrome students in Mexico City taking into consideration the design tools identified in the research. This project has an personal meaning for me as the school to be designed is my brother’s current school. To achieve this aim, we are going to deep dive into four pedagogical methods, their characteristics, and their origins. We will then study their influence and reinterpretation in school architecture around the world through case studies. After that, we will look at the identification of key characteristics from these methods that can help create a more inclusive school. Finally, we will apply the findings to the design of a real school. Despite the advanced knowledge in materials, technology, and architectural theories, the school’s design is still developing. At the moment, many schools are being built without real thought of the design and its effects on the users, being this a problem since school design is crucial in an adequate learning experience. During the first half of the last century, more specifically during the war era, there was an enormous advance in the pedagogical field in European countries such as Austria and Italy mostly influenced by the emergence of educational psychology theories such as “constructivism”. In this research, we are going to focus on three pedagogical methods born in that era, the followings: Montessori (Italy), Reggio Emilia (Italy,) and Waldorf (Germany). Although these methods have different approaches, they all rely on students’ autonomy, the decentralization of authority, and a balanced and holistic worldview. Pedagogy is also highly influenced by its environment regardless of socioeconomic and sociocultural circumstances therefore a proper setting of spaces is key. This relation is not new and can be seen with Henry Barnard who in 1849 wrote “School Architecture”, one of the first school construction manuals which are taking into account pedagogical methods in the building of learning spaces. Throughout the years, specialized architecture manuals for schools such as the Montessori’s one has been created and the design methods have migrated and been applied throughout the globe. Examples of this are Waldorf’s “Family School” in Costa Rica by Arkitito Arquitetura, Oficina umauma & Luiza Gottschalk, the Reggio Emilia’s “Tellus Nursery School” in Sweden by Tham & Videgård Arkitekter and the Montessori’s “Delft Montessori School” by Herman Hertzberger in Holland. The methods have been proven to work well especially in the developmental stages of kids, proving to be effective not only for the conventional student but also for the intellectually disabled ones. When it comes to inclusive education, is quite a new topic for society. In the past, having a disability meant being put in an asylum, psychiatric hospital, or institution with barely or no education. It is until the middle of the last century and with the emergence of human rights together with the development of the pedagogical methods above mentioned, that disabled people started to have a voice in the education system and therefore a place in the classroom. Inclusive education means integrating disabled students into all the events of a classroom through the exercising of their autonomy and a surrounding with an adequate level of stimuli (such as light or color). This can be achieved by the right application of the pedagogical methods in the design phase of the school. For example, the Montessori’s accessible furniture or the Reggio Emilia’s natural lighting. In conclusion, thanks to the evolution of pedagogy and its application to architecture, we are and will witness the development of both, more inclusive schools and highly inclusive spaces in which students (disabled and non-disabled) can better coexist. The analysis of pedagogy is fundamental to building more inclusive schools and through this research, we aim to better understand its methods to apply them to a real case study. / Questa ricerca mira a comprendere l'influenza della pedagogia nella progettazione delle scuole, puntando sull'inclusività. Il tipo di ricerca sarà di tipo qualitativo attraverso un analisi pedagogica teorica. Il risultato finale è un progetto architettonico su una scuola per studenti con Sindrome di Down a Città del Messico prendendo in considerazione gli strumenti individuati nella ricerca. Questo progetto ha un significato personale per me perché mio fratello è al momento uno studente presso quella scuola. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, ci addentreremo profondamente in quattro metodi pedagogici, le loro caratteristiche e le loro origini. Ne studieremo poi l'influenza e la reinterpretazione nell'architettura scolastica di tutto il mondo attraverso case studies. A seguire, esamineremo le caratteristiche delle architetture pedagogiche che possono aiutare a creare una scuola più inclusiva. Infine, applicheremo i risultati a la progettazione di una vera scuola. Nonostante le avanzate conoscenze sui materiali, tecnologia e teorie architettoniche, in generale il design delle scuole è ancora in via di sviluppo. Al momento, molte scuole sono in costruzione senza un vero pensiero al design e ai suoi effetti sugli utenti. Questo risulta essere un problema dal momento che il design della scuola è cruciale in un'adeguata esperienza di apprendimento. Durante la prima metà del secolo scorso, ci fu un enorme progresso nel campo pedagogico nei paesi europei i quali furono maggiormente influenzati dall'emergere dell'istruzione di teorie psicologiche come il “costruttivismo”. In questa ricerca, ci concentreremo su tre metodi pedagogici nati in quell'epoca, i seguenti: metodo Montessori (Italia), metodo Reggio Emilia (Italia) e metodo Steiner/Waldorf (Austria/Germania). Sebbene questi metodi hanno approcci differenti, sono tutti basati su una serie di concetti comuni tra i quali l'autonomia degli studenti, il decentramento dell'autorità e una visione del mondo equilibrata e olistica. In generale, anche la pedagogia è altamente influenziata dall’ambiente circonstante indipendentemente dal livello socioeconomico e dalle circostanze socioculturali presenti, quindi un ambiente con spazi adeguati risulta fondamentale. Questa relazione tra spazio e pedagogia è un argomento che si può notare già con Henry Barnard, che nel 1849 scrisse “School Architecture”, uno dei primi manuali di costruzione scolastica che già all’epoca prese in considerazione i metodi pedagogici negli edifici scolastici. Nel corso degli anni, sono stati creati veri e propri manuali specializzati in architettura per pedagogie come ad esempio la Montessori ed è proprio grazie a questi manuali, che ad oggi queste architetture sono presenti ed applicate in tutto il mondo. Esempi che confermano l’applicazione di queste pedagogie sono la "Family School" di Steiner/Waldorf in Costa Rica (Arkitito Arquitetura, Oficina umauma & Luiza Gottschalk), la “Tellus Nursery School” di Reggio Emilia in Svezia (Tham & Videgård Arkitekter) e la “Delft Scuola Montessori” in Olanda (Herman Hertzberger). I metodi hanno dimostrato di funzionare bene soprattutto nelle fasi di sviluppo dei bambini, dimostrando di essere efficaci non solo per lo studente convenzionale ma anche per gli intellettualmente disabili. In generale l’educazione inclusiva è considerato un argomento abbastanza nuovo per la società. In passato, avere una disabilità significava essere messi in un ospedale psichiatrico o un istituto con scarsa o nessuna istruzione. È fino alla metà del secolo scorso e con l'emergere dei diritti umani insieme allo sviluppo dei metodi pedagogici sopra menzionati, che le persone disabili hanno iniziato ad avere una voce nel sistema educativo e quindi un posto in classe. Educazione inclusiva significa integrare gli studenti disabili in tutti gli eventi che si svolgono in classe, aiutandoli ad esercitarsi ad essere autonomi attraverso uno spazio con un adeguato livello di stimoli (come la luce o il colore). Questo può essere ottenuto con la giusta applicazione dei metodi pedagogici nella fase progettuale della scuola. Ad esempio, i mobili accessibili della pedagogia Montessori o l'illuminazione naturale della pedagogia Reggio Emilia. In conclusione, grazie all'evoluzione della pedagogia e della sua applicazione all'architettura, siamo e saremo testimoni dello sviluppo di scuole sempre più inclusive in cui gli studenti (disabili e non) possano convivere meglio insieme. Questa ricerca, mira per l’appunto a comprendere al meglio le tematiche pedagogiche con l’obiettivo finale di costruire scuole sempre più inclusive.

Language: English

Published: Milano, Italy, 2022

Article

A Study of Pedagogy and the Nature of Imagination in Montessori Education / 몬테소리 교육학에서 상상력의 성격과 교수론 고찰

Available from: RISS

Publication: Montessori교육연구 [Montessori Education Research], vol. 12

Pages: 121-139

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Language: Korean

ISSN: 1226-9417

Master's Thesis

Stavovi Studenata Nastavničkih Studija o Montessori Pedagogiji / The Stands That Students of Teaching Studies Have on Montessori Pedagogy

Available from: Digitalni Akademski Arhivi i Repozitoriji (DABAR)

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Abstract/Notes: Montessori pedagogy is a pedagogical concept that was created by Maria Montessori, and is based on anthropology and scientific observation of the natural learning process of children. It is recognizable by its prepared environment with didactic shaped material that provide children an independent realization of knowledge. Although the concept was formed at the beginning of the 20th century, it is a pedagogical approach that still adequately responds to the developmental needs of children and overcome the disadvantages of the traditional educational system focused on the teacher. The aim of this study was to determine the opinions that students of teaching studies have on Montessori pedagogy considering their study. The study was conducted on an intentional sample of students from the Faculty of Philosophy in Split, the department of teacher education and the department of pedagogy. The results showed that students, dependent on their study, differ in knowledge about Montessori pedagogy and valuation of the desirability of the traditional education, while there is no difference in attitudes towards Montessori pedagogy and in valuation of the desirability of the education based on independence, play and the satisfaction of knowledge. Pedagogy students had several courses where they gained knowledge about Montessori pedagogy and had experience visiting Montessori institutions where they experienced the application of these pedagogical principles in practice, while students from the department of teacher education haven't had such experiences and they were less familiar with the Montessori pedagogy during their study. That reflected on some of their attitudes. The existing of a positive attitude towards Montessori pedagogy regardless of the level of knowledge about this conception leads to the conclusion that the connotations they have about the Montessori pedagoy are positive, which supports the hypothesis of a positive image of the concept not only among many experts, but also among lay people. / Montessori pedagogija je pedagoška koncepcija koju je osmislila Marija Montessori, a temelji se na antropologiji i znanstvenom promatranju prirodnog procesa učenja djece. Prepoznatljiva je po pripremljenoj okolini s didaktički oblikovanom materijalu koji djeci omogućuju samostalan dolazak do spoznaje. Iako je koncepcija ponuđena početkom 20. stoljeća i danas se smatra pedagoškim pristupom koji primjereno odgovara na razvojne potrebe djece te prevladava nedostatke tradicionalnog odgojno-obrazovnog sustava usmjerenog na učitelja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi razlikuju li se studenti nastavničkih studija u stavovima o Montessori pedagogiji s obzirom na studij. Istraživanje je provedeno na namjernom uzorku studenata učiteljskog studija i studija pedagogije Filozofskog fakulteta u Splitu. Rezultati su pokazali da se studenti s obzirom na studij razlikuju u znanjima o Montessori pedagogiji te u procjeni poželjnosti tradicionalnog odgoja, dok se ne razlikuju u stavovima o Montessori pedagogiji i u procjeni poželjnosti odgoja utemeljenog na samostalnosti, igri i zadovoljstvu spoznajom. Studenti studija pedagogije u okviru više kolegija stjecali su znanja o Montessori pedagogiji te imali iskustva posjeta Montessori ustanovama u kojima su doživjeli primjenu tih pedagoških načela u praksi, dok studenti učiteljskog studija nisu imali takva iskustva te su o Montessori pedagogiji tijekom studija bili slabije upoznati što se odrazilo i na neke njihove stavove. Postojanje pozitivnog stava o Montessori pedagogiji neovisno o razini znanja o toj koncepciji upućuje na zaključak da su konotacije koje imaju vezano za Montessori pedagogiju pozitivne, što ide u prilog tezi o pozitivnoj slici o toj koncepciji ne samo među mnogim stručnjacima, nego i među laicima.

Language: Croatian

Published: Split, Croatia, 2016

Doctoral Dissertation

Informationstechnologien und Montessori-Pädagogik: die Implementierung des Internets als Informationsmedium in Montessori-Schulen der USA [Information technologies and Montessori pedagogy: the implementation of the Internet as an information medium in Montessori schools in the USA]

Available from: Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg

Americas, Information and communications technology (ICT), Montessori method of education, North America, Technology and children, United States of America

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Abstract/Notes: Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass in der Unterrichtsforschung Konzepte des „offenen Lernens“ für die Implementierung neuer Medien, wie dem Internet, empfohlen werden, wird der Zusammenhang zwischen reformpädagogischen Ansätzen und neuen Informationstechnologien hergestellt. Hier knüpfen die Untersuchungen der vorliegenden Arbeit an. Herausgegriffen wird das Konzept Maria Montessoris, untersucht in den USA, wo sich zum einen alternative Pädagogiken freier entwickeln können und zum anderen die Implementierung neuer Medien in den Unterricht offensiver vorangetrieben wird. Es wird angenommen, dass die Lernumgebung Montessoris unter dem Gesichtspunkt einer Modernisierung des Konzepts auf die heutigen Ansprüche eine optimale Lernlandschaft bietet, das Internet als natürliche Informationsquelle in den Unterricht zu integrieren. Die gegenwärtig kontroverse Umsetzung der Pädagogik Montessoris (AMI und AMS) sowie die zu diesem Zeitpunkt verwirklichte Internetnutzung in den Schulen werden am Beispiel der USA einer kritischen Reflexion unterzogen. Kapitel 1 dieser Arbeit betrachtet die Pädagogik Montessoris. Ein Abschnitt liefert Informationen über die kontemporäre Verwirklichung ihrer Pädagogik in den USA. Die Möglichkeiten des Internets für den Unterricht, die Aussagen der Forschung über das informationstechnische Lernen sowie seine Integration in den USA, wird in Kapitel 2 näher untersucht. In Kapitel 3 wird die Notwendigkeit des Interneteinsatzes in Schulen überprüft und die Eignung offener Strukturen als Basis dafür begründet. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse geben die Grundlage zu den in Kapitel 4 und 5 beschriebenen Untersuchungen, wie diese Implementierung in der Praxis nordamerikanischer Montessori-Schulen verwirklicht ist. Beschrieben wird sowohl eine Querschnittsuntersuchung als auch eine Fallstudie. Kapitel 6 schildert die pädagogischen Konsequenzen für die Nutzung des Internets im Unterricht. [Based on the observation that teaching research recommends concepts of “open learning” for the implementation of new media such as the Internet, the connection between reform-pedagogical approaches and new information technologies is established. This is where the investigations of the present work tie in. The concept of Maria Montessori is being singled out, examined in the USA, where, on the one hand, alternative pedagogies can develop more freely and, on the other hand, the implementation of new media in the classroom is being promoted more aggressively. It is assumed that the Montessori learning environment, from the point of view of modernizing the concept to meet today's requirements, offers an optimal learning landscape to integrate the Internet as a natural source of information into the classroom. The currently controversial implementation of Montessori pedagogy (AMI and AMS) as well as the internet usage in schools at that time are subjected to critical reflection using the example of the USA. Chapter 1 of this thesis looks at Montessori's pedagogy. A section provides information on the contemporary realization of their pedagogy in the USA. The possibilities of the Internet for teaching, the statements of research about information technology learning and its integration in the USA are examined in more detail in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 examines the necessity of using the Internet in schools and explains the suitability of open structures as a basis for this. The knowledge gained provides the basis for the investigations described in Chapters 4 and 5, how this implementation is realized in practice in North American Montessori schools. Both a cross-sectional study and a case study are described. Chapter 6 describes the pedagogical consequences for the use of the Internet in the classroom.]

Language: German

Published: Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, 2003

Book Section

L'influenza di Maria Montessori sulla pedagogia tedesca [The influence of Maria Montessori on German pedagogy]

Book Title: Maria Montessori e il pensiero pedagogico contemporaneo [Maria Montessori and contemporary pedagogical thought]

Pages: 195-198

Conferences, Europe, Germany, International Montessori Congress (11th, Rome, Italy, 26-28 September 1957), Maria Montessori - Biographic sources, Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Montessori method of education - History, Western Europe

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Abstract/Notes: This speech was delivered on September 27, 1957 at the 11th International Montessori Congress (Rome, Italy).

Language: Italian

Published: Roma, Italy: Vita dell'infanzia, 1959

Article

Pedagogy of Place: Using the Prepared Environment for the Third Plane (Some Brief Notes)

Publication: NAMTA Journal, vol. 26, no. 3

Pages: 152–153

North American Montessori Teachers' Association (NAMTA) - Periodicals

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Language: English

ISSN: 1522-9734

Book Section

Schach statt Mühle: ein Plädoyer für die Götter der Montessori-Pädagogik [Chess instead of a mill: a plea for the gods of Montessori pedagogy]

Book Title: Kinder Sind Anders: Maria Montessoris Bild Vom Kinde Auf Dem Prüfstand [Children Are Different: Maria Montessori's Picture of the Child on the Test Bench]

Pages: 285-298

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Language: German

Published: Würzburg, Germany: Ergon, 1996

ISBN: 3-928034-90-1

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