Abstract/Notes: O método Montessori, como se convencionou chamar a perspectiva pedagógica derivada do trabalho de Maria Montessori (1870-1952), foi desenvolvido, principalmente, ao longo da primeira metade do século XX. Até hoje, no entanto, há escolas, publicações e cursos para professores sendo criados em todo o mundo. Desde o início de sua história, a pedagogia montessoriana aparece frequentemente na mídia de vários países do mundo, e, em alguns momentos da história, representou tanto um fenômeno midiático quanto editorial (KRAMER, 1988). Esta pesquisa trabalhou com um arquivo de textos midiáticos, publicados desde 1911 nos Estados Unidos da América e dedicou-se à análise e à interpretação de um corpus de textos da mesma natureza. Uma ênfase da análise foi dada aos textos publicados entre os anos 2000 e 2015. O aporte teórico das análises e das reflexões expostas aqui é a Análise de Discurso filiada aos estudos do inconsciente e da ideologia, iniciada na França, por Michel Pêcheux, e desenvolvida e ampliada no Brasil por autoras como Eni Orlandi. A história da perspectiva pedagógica de que tratamos já foi explorada antes por diversos autores (STANDING, 1962; KRAMER, 1988; POVELL, 2010, entre outros), mas poucos tangenciaram o trabalho da mídia quanto a essa pedagogia, embora mencionem a importância desta mesma instância de produção, e nenhuma das publicações emprega a perspectiva discursiva, que pode oferecer outros pontos de vista e permite a interlocução de diversas áreas de estudo. Os resultados obtidos com esta pesquisa apontam para uma direção previsível e duas bifurcações importantes desta. Em primeiro lugar, como propõe a teoria da Análise de Discurso, a produção discursiva é atravessada pela ideologia, e, assim, os textos com que trabalhamos fazem parte de um conjunto de sentidos e proposições que harmonizam com o verdadeiro, como operado pela ideologia dominante. Isso tem duas consequências específicas para este corpus. Por um lado, os sentidos que caracterizam o método Montessori são vinculados a valores não estranhos ao neoliberalismo e ao discurso empreendedor: fala-se muito de diversão, e, ao mesmo tempo, de alto desempenho, liberdade, sucesso, escolha individual e liderança. Por outro lado, há uma contradição muito presente entre caracterizar-se Montessori como uma pedagogia alternativa e dizer-se que Montessori é só uma via diversa para se alcançar os mesmos fins: alto desempenho acadêmico e sucesso financeiro. Em segundo lugar, notamos a proeminência do ponto de vista adulto sobre o possível ponto de vista infantil. Os textos, especialmente a partir de 2011, fazem sentido, com frequência, construindo as vantagens que a pedagogia montessoriana representa para o adulto, segundo uma perspectiva corporativa ou empreendedora. Por meio de nossa análise, pudemos caracterizar a configuração do discurso midiático sobre o método Montessori nos Estados Unidos e compreender como os sentidos se articulam para fazer de Montessori uma perspectiva válida e positiva, ao mesmo tempo, silenciando os sentidos que, ligados a ela, poderiam ser desarmônicos e, até mesmo, arriscados para a hegemonia do verdadeiro sobre a criança e sobre a educação. [The Montessori method, as the pedagogical perspective derived from the work of Maria Montessori (1870-1952) is usually called, was developed mainly during the first half of the twentieth century. To this day, however, there are schools, publications and courses for teachers being created around the world. From the beginning of its history, Montessori pedagogy has frequently appeared in the media of several countries, and at some moments in history has represented both a mediatic and editorial phenomenon (KRAMER, 1988). This research relies on an archive of media texts published since 1911 in the United States of America and is focused on the analysis and interpretation of a corpus of texts of the same nature. Emphasis was given to those texts published between the years 2000 and 2015. The theoretical foundation for the analyzes and reflections exposed here is the Discourse Analysis affiliated to the studies of the unconscious and the ideology, initiated in France by Michel Pêcheux, and developed and expanded in Brazil by authors such as Eni Orlandi. The history of the pedagogical perspective that we have dealt with has already been explored by several authors (STANDING, 1962, KRAMER, 1988, POVELL, 2010 and others), but few have touched on the work of the media in relation to this pedagogy, although they recognize its relevance, and none of the publications adopts the discursive perspective, which can offer other points of view, allowing the interlocution with several areas of study. The results obtained with this research point to a predictable direction, and two important and novel bifurcations. First, as the theory of discourse analysis proposes, discursive production is traversed by ideology, and thus the texts we work with are part of a set of meanings and propositions that harmonize with the truth, as operated by the dominant ideology. This, in turn, has two specific consequences for this corpus. On the one hand, the meanings that characterize the Montessori method are linked to values not unfamiliar to neoliberalism and entrepreneurial discourse: much is said of fun, and at the same time high performance, freedom, and success, individual choice, and leadership. There is a very present contradiction between characterizing Montessori as an alternative pedagogy and saying that Montessori is only an alternative way to achieve the same ends: high academic performance and financial success. Secondly, we notice the prominence of the adult point of view over the possible infantile one. The texts, especially as of 2011, often make sense from the advantages that the Montessori pedagogy represents for the adult, from a corporate or entrepreneurial perspective. Through our analysis, we have been able to characterize the configuration of the media discourse on the Montessori method in the United States and to understand how the senses are articulated to make Montessori a valid and positive pedagogical perspective, while silencing the meanings that could, if linked to that, be disharmonious, and we would say risky, for the hegemony of the truth about the child and about education.]

Language: Portuguese

Published: São Paulo, Brazil, 2019

Abstract/Notes: This paper aims to inquire about the pedagogy of María Montessori in Argentina from the point of view of the history of education. In order to achieve this goal, the historical sources analyzed were two of the most critical journals in the first half of the 20th century: El Monitor de la Educación Común and La Obra. The first was the official review of the National Education Council, which oversaw Argentinian primary education as a government organ. The second was driven by a group of teachers and was formerly known as the official representation of the New School in Argentina. This investigation looks for marks and hints on the reception among Argentinean teachers of this pedagogy, internationalized since the second decade of the 20th century, over these two journals. As the main contribution, we learn about different ways of appropriation of Montessori’s pedagogy as well as the critics of her proposal and its usage to discuss positions of power in the local pedagogy field.

Language: Spanish

DOI: 10.17227/pys.num58-17331

ISSN: 2500-6436, 0121-2494

Abstract/Notes: El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional tiene como título: “La Aplicación del Método Montessori para el Desarrollo Integral en el Aula de 3 años, de la Institución Montessori School - Arequipa, 2021”. Además, el objetivo general es: Explicar la importancia de la aplicación del Método Montessori para el desarrollo integral de los niños de 3 años, de la Institución Educativa Montessori School – Arequipa, 2021. Está dividido en 4 capítulos; en el capítulo I se aborda la realidad educativa; en el capítulo II se plantean los antecedentes y bases teóricas; el capítulo III está referido al árbol de problemas y actividades y finalmente en el capítulo IV, se encuentran las conclusiones y recomendaciones. De acuerdo con las revisiones teóricas, el Método Montessori, es una educación que permite que los niños de la primera infancia se desarrollen de manera integral, teniendo en cuenta que esta filosofía se basa en el desarrollo natural de las personas, creando un ambiente propicio (ambiente preparado) que satisfaga los períodos sensibles, las tendencias humanas y aprovechando el primer plano de desarrollo que está caracterizado por la mente absorbente. Además, dándole vital importancia a la preparación emocional, física y psicológica del maestro. [The present work of professional sufficiency has as title: "The Application of the Montessori Method for Integral Development in the Classroom of 3 years, of the Montessori School Institution - Arequipa, 2021". In addition, the general objective is: Explain the importance of the application of the Montessori Method for the integral development of 3-year-old children, of the Montessori School Educational Institution - Arequipa, 2021. It is divided into 4 chapters; Chapter I addresses the educational reality; in chapter II the antecedents and theoretical bases are raised; Chapter III refers to the tree of problems and activities and finally Chapter IV contains the conclusions and recommendations. According to theoretical reviews, the Montessori Method is an education that allows early childhood children to develop in an integral way, taking into account that this philosophy is based on the natural development of people, creating a conducive environment ( prepared environment) that satisfies sensitive periods, human tendencies and taking advantage of the first plane of development that is characterized by the absorbing mind. In addition, giving vital importance to the emotional, physical and psychological preparation of the teacher.]

Language: Spanish

Published: Lima, Peru, 2021

Abstract/Notes: This article highlights two women important for pedagogy. María Montessori was a medical doctor who initially carried out research to alleviate the tensions generated by the poor sanitary conditions the children of this society experienced and under which they were educated through traditional strategies that had to be changed. Giuseppina Pizzigoni was a teacher who imagined a new school where children, the offspring of a brutally industrialized society, could be happy while learning. For both women the children’s education, being the task of adults, parents and teachers alike, should be carried out with responsibility and new methodologies they themselves constructed and proposed. For them, the future of humanity lies in the success of this task.

Language: Spanish

DOI: 10.17227/pys.num58-17099

ISSN: 2500-6436, 0121-2494

Language: English

ISSN: 1071-6246

Abstract/Notes: The purpose of this dissertation will be to survey and analyze American writings on Maria Montessori and her educational system, in order to show how the idea of Montessori education has interacted with some changing American ideas and social forces. These changes in social and intellectual currents can be likened to a shift from centrifugal to centripetal force; or to the expansion and then the contraction of a universe. The central metaphor is the same. It is applicable to, and illustrative of, much about the changing social and educational scene in America. The writings on Montessori, examined against this framework, should provide a new view on certain changes in American educational thinking.

Language: English

Published: Kent, Ohio, 1973

Abstract/Notes: Quest’articolo descrive due esperienze molto diverse effettuate in Italia. La prima riguarda l’introduzione di un laboratorio basato sull’uso dei materiali sensoriali Montessori all’Università dell’Immagine di Milano, fondata dal fotografo Fabrizio Ferri, che offriva a creativi di varia provenienza professionale e geografica una formazione post-secondaria biennale, organizzata incinque laboratori, ciascuno dedicato a uno dei cinque sensi, condotto da un docente responsabile. Quello da me condotto aveva il titolo: “Angolo del ristoro sensoriale” ed era trasversale agli altri cinque. La seconda riguarda invece l’utilizzazione di incastri solidi, torre rosa e scala marrone, nel percorso rieducativo di una ragazza di vent’anni, affetta da grave ritardo mentale con tratti autistici. In entrambi i casi i risultati sono stati molto positivi. Nel primo, la percezione sensoriale degli studenti dell’Università dell’Immagine, si è raffinata e perfezionata.Nel secondo, il caso di ritardo mentale con tratti autistici, ha suscitato nella ragazza un interesse che si è esteso all’ambiente esterno e alle persone che interagivano con lei. Ha inoltre migliorato la manualità fine, rendendo più efficaci le indicazioni per svolgere correttamente le mansioni della vita quotidiana nella propria casa, in cui in precedenza aveva scarsissima autonomia. Con lei il percorso Montessori è iniziato in uno studio di musicoterapia e ha interagito con quelle sedute, per proseguire poi a casa sua, con varie attività di vita pratica, volte a migliorare il coordinamento del corpo nello spazio, il coordinamento oculomanuale, i movimenti raffinati delle dita e la discriminazione visiva. Queste attività hanno fatto progredire molto la sua autonomia. / En este trabajo se describen dos experiencias llevadas a cabo en Italia: la introducción de un laboratorio para el uso de los materiales sensoriales Montessori en la Universidad de la Imagen de Milán (UI) que ofrecía a los “creativos” de diversas procedencias profesionales y geográficas la formación postsecundaria según un programa experimental de dos años, organizado en cinco laboratorios, cada uno dedicado a uno de los cinco sentidos. El que yo dirigí se titulaba “Rincón de descanso sensorial” y fue trasversal a los otros cinco. Se denominaba: “Rincón de descanso sensorial” y fue transversal a los otros cinco. El segundo se refiere al uso de encajes sólidos, torre rosa y escalera marrón, en la rehabilitación de una chica de veintiún años, que sufría un retraso mental severo con rasgos autistas. En ambos casos los resultados fueron muy positivos: las percepciones sensoriales de los estudiantes de la UI se han afinado y perfeccionado; la introducción de los materiales en la rehabilitación sensorial de la chica ha despertado un interés que se ha extendido al entorno externo y a las personas que interactuaban con ella. También ha mejorado los movimientos finos de los dedos, lo cual le facilita llevar a cabo las tareas de la vida cotidiana, en la que antes tenían muy poca autonomía. Con ella el proceso Montessori comenzó en un estudio de musicoterapia, para seguir a continuación en su casa, con varias actividades de la vida práctica, para mejorar la coordinación del cuerpo en el espacio, la coordinación óculo-manual, la motricidad de los dedos y la discriminación visual. Estas actividades han mejorado su autonomía. / This paper deals with two different experiences carried out in Italy. The first concerns a Sensorial Materials workshop, which I directed in Milano at the University of Image (UI) founded by photographer Fabrizio Ferri. UI offered a post-secondary education to creative professionals, from various backgrounds and geographical areas, according to a two-year experimental program, organized in five workshops, each of them dedicated to one of the five senses and directed by a professional of the field. My workshop title was: “The corner of sensory relief” and interacted with the other five. The second relates to the use of solid insets, pink tower and brown stairs for the rehabilitation of a twenty-one years-old girl, who suffered from severe mental retardation with some autistic features. In both cases the results were very positive. In the first one, the sensory perceptions of UI students have been refined and perfected; in the second, the girl affected by mental retardation showed a great interest in the above-quoted materials. The girl has spread her interest to external environment and to the people who interacted with her. The fine movements of her fingers were also enhanced, allowing her to perform various tasks in her daily life, which previously she was unable to carry out. Her Montessori rehabilitation began during some music therapy sessions. Then it was carried out at home, where various Practical life activities were introduced. Thanks to them she improved her body coordination in space, her eye-hand coordination and visual discrimination. These activities strengthen considerably her autonomy

Language: Italian

ISSN: 2255-0666

Abstract/Notes: Perkembangan pada anak salah satunya adalah perkembangan motorik halus. Penguasaan motorik halus adalah salah satu yang penting bagi anak khususnya usia 3-6 tahun. Namun, tidak semua anak mempunyai kematangan yang sama untuk menguasai kemampuan motorik halus pada tahap yang sama. Perkembangan motorik halus pada anak salah satunya dipengaruhi faktor eksternal yaitu lingkungan. Metode pembelajaran Montessori merupakan salah satu metode yang mementingkan penyediaan lingkungan yang sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan anak. Penyediaan lingkungan yang sesuai diwujudkan melalui berdirinya sekolah-sekolah dengan metode pembelajaran Montessori, termasuk Albata Islamic Montessori Preschool. Bedanya, kelas di sekolah yang menggunakan Metode pembelajaran Montessori tidak mengelompokkan anak berdasarkan umur agar anak bisa saling mengajarkan dan bersosialisasi dengan baik, membentuk jiwa kepemimpinan anak, tanggung jawab dan kemandirian. Selain itu dalam metode ini, digunakan alat permainan edukatif yang sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan anak. Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas, dibutuhkan sarana pembelajaran motorik halus berupa mainan montessori yang dapat dimainkan anak usia 3-6 tahun secara bersama-sama atau multiplayer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, data bersumber dari observasi, wawancara dan studi literatur. Salah satu mainan Montessori yang umum digunakan untuk melatih motorik halus adalah mainan balok. Perbedaan mainan balok yang dikembangkan peneliti dibanding penelitian serupa sebelumnya yaitu dalam segi fungsi dan cara bermain. Sementara material menggunakan kayu dengan finishing yang menyesuaikan fungsi yaitu HPL putih glossy digunakan untuk menggambar, menulis pada permukaan balok. Hasil penelitian berupa Mainan Balok Montessori multiplayer yang memiliki nilai kebaruan dari segi fungsi yaitu digunakan untuk melatih motorik halus khususnya aktifitas yang bersifat practical life dan dari segi cara bermain menggunakan konsep multiplayer yang sesuai dengan perkembangan psikologis usia 3-6 tahun.

Language: Indonesian

Published: Surabaya, Indonesia, 2022

Abstract/Notes: L’articolo illustra il programma di ricerche del Laboratorio Montessori di Roma, un’as- sociazione che raccoglie ricercatori di varia provenienza impegnati nello studio della storia del metodo Montessori. Particolare attenzione è rivolta a due tematiche: da una parte, la formazione del carattere, che è stata oggetto di approfondite ricerche negli ultimi vent’anni (si vedano le ricerche di Angeline Stoll Lillard); e, dall’altra, l’educazione religiosa – temati- ca alla quale la Montessori si dedicò profondamente, mantenendo fino alla fine la radicata convinzione che il proprio metodo potesse essere utile all’insegnamento religioso e della religione cattolica in particolare. [This paper presents the research program of the Laboratory Montessori in Rome. The Laboratory is an association which brings together scholars from various countries to carry out research projects on the history of the Montessori movement. In 2011, the association has explored character education according to the Montessori method and special attention will be devoted to religious education. The character education has been studied with par- ticular attention in the last twenty years, and some research (for example, those of Angeline Stoll Lillard) have demonstrated the validity of the Montessori method. Religious education has been the subject of much discussion since Montessori had intense relationships with other cultures and religious figures from around the world. The author argues that Montes- sori devoted himself to Catholic education; she was linked to this confession until the end of his work and his life.]

Language: Italian

ISSN: 1971-1093, 1971-1131

Abstract/Notes: Traces in engrossing detail one of the most fascinating partnerships in the history of American education - that between Maria Montessori and S.S. McClure, from their first meeting in 1910 until their final acrimonious dispute in 1915. Gerald and Patricia Gutek trace the dramatic arc of the partnership between the Italian teacher and American publisher united by a vision of educational change.

Language: English

Published: Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 2016