Abstract/Notes: This book traces the early history of the Montessori movement in the United States through the lives and careers of four key American women: Anne George, Margaret Naumburg, Helen Parkhurst, and Adelia Pyle. Caught up in the Montessori craze sweeping the United States in the Progressive era, each played a significant role in the initial transference of Montessori education to America and its implementation from 1910 to 1920. Despite the continuing international recognition of Maria Montessori and the presence of Montessori schools world-wide, Montessori receives only cursory mention in the history of education, especially by recognized historians in the field and in courses in professional education and teacher preparation. The authors, in seeking to fill this historical void, integrate institutional history with analysis of the interplay and tensions between these four women to tell this educational story in an interesting—and often dramatic—way.

Language: English

Published: Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020

ISBN: 978-3-030-54834-6

Series: Historical Studies in Education

Abstract/Notes: After completing her training in 1913, Margaret Naumburg, in her lectures and articles, portrayed a highly emotional and romanticized image of Maria Montessori. Naumburg established several Montessori schools in New York City: at the Henry Street Settlement in 1913; at the Leete School from 1914 to 1916; and in the New York public school system in 1915. Stymied by bureaucracy and inadequate funding, she abandoned her public school experiment. Moving from Montessorian principles, Naumburg identified increasingly with child-centered Progressive education but added a dimension from Jung’s Analytic Psychology which emphasized children’s need to free their emotions through imaginative, creative self-expression through art. She founded her own “Children’s School” in 1916 in New York City, subsequently renamed the Walden School. She is also famous for developing dynamically oriented Art Therapy.

Language: English

Published: Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020

ISBN: 978-3-030-54835-3

Series: Historical Studies in Education

Abstract/Notes: This chapter analyzes the personal interactions of the principal characters—George, Naumburg, Parkhurst and Pyle—and an over-powering fifth woman, Maria Montessori. The analysis of the interplay, the personal relationships, and the tensions between these principals, is integrated with the institutional history of educational organizations, schools, and events. George, Naumburg, Parkhurst, and Pyle arrived at the Montessori training courses believing their instructor, the greatest educator in the world, was truly “an educational wonder worker.” A complex multidimensional person, Montessori, determined to control what she had created, expected total loyalty, almost fealty and submission, from her trainees. Montessori’s demanding personality caused tension with her four students that affected the establishment of her method in the United States.

Language: English

Published: Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020

ISBN: 978-3-030-54835-3

Series: Historical Studies in Education

Abstract/Notes: Margaret Naumburg was the charismatic and forceful founder of Waiden School in New York City. She went on to become an acknowledged leader in the “new school” movement, and later, the founder of art therapy in the United States. As art educator Judith Rubin says in her memorial tribute, “had she done nothing more than to found the Waiden School (1914), a place where freedom and discipline in all of the arts were fostered and were considered central to normal children’s healthy development… Dayenu! (‘It would have been enough!’).”1 This chapter examines Margaret Naumburgs life and times, her educational philosophy and its implementation in the Children’s School (Waiden School), and her leadership qualities and style.

Language: English

Published: New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2002

ISBN: 978-1-137-05475-3

Abstract/Notes: America’s Early Montessorians tells the history of the introduction and implementation of Montessori education in the United States, through the careers of Anne George, Margaret Naumburg, Helen Parkhurst, and Adelia Pyle who Maria Montessori trained as directresses. The chapter provides parallel biographies of George, Pyle, Parkhurst, and Naumburg before their enrollment in Montessori’s training courses. Anne Everett George (1878–1973), the first American trained as a directress, was America’s pioneer Montessori educator. Born in Missouri, George became a private school teacher and taught in Maryland, New York, and Chicago’s Latin School. Adelia McAlpin Pyle (1888–1968) the daughter of a wealthy manufacturer, James Tolman Pyle, was born in New York and educated by private tutors. She was fluent in French, German, Italian, and Spanish. Helen Parkhurst (1886–1973), who was born in Wisconsin, earned her degree in education from the Wisconsin State Normal School in River Falls in 1909. Parkhurst taught in public elementary schools in Wisconsin and Washington and became the Director of Primary Training in Wisconsin’s State Normal School at Stevens Point. Margaret Naumburg (1890–1963), born in New York, received her elementary and secondary education in private schools including the Horace Mann School and the laboratory school at Columbia University’s Teachers College. She was awarded her B.A. degree in June 1912 from Barnard College and did graduate study at the London School of Economics.

Language: English

Published: Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020

ISBN: 978-3-030-54835-3

Series: Historical Studies in Education

Abstract/Notes: This study examined how teachers in multi-grade classrooms manage and use available resources in their classrooms. The study focused on multi-grade classrooms in farm schools in the Free State province of South Africa that cover Grades 1 to 9. The concepts “multi-grade classrooms” and “resources” are explained below. The availability and utilisation of resources in multi-grade classrooms is discussed in some depth. A qualitative research design was used to collect data. Interviews were conducted with 9 teachers who worked in multi-grade classrooms. The data reveals that the availability of resources has improved somewhat in the multi-grade classrooms surveyed; however, textbooks specifically meant for multi-grade classrooms are still lacking. The data also points to several other trends. For example, most multi-grade schools in the sample have insufficient resources. Where available, the resources are either under-utilised or used improperly. Furthermore, it is usually the case that learners are required to share resources across various grades. Moreover, teachers often use their personal resources to get their work done, and in this regard, smartphones play an important part. Finally, the study also reveals that teachers do try to use various types of resources to cater for different learning styles.Keywords: activity centres; classroom organisation; Montessori educational theory; multi-grade classrooms; resource corners; resources

Language: English

DOI: 10.15700/saje.v39n3a1599

ISSN: 2076-3433

Abstract/Notes: El tema de este artículo no es tanto la admirable participación de Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky en la resistencia de la Viena de entre guerras y durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, como sus proyectos sociales de edificación. Proyectos los concebía como funcionales y orientados a dignificar el espacio, ya sea físico, intelectual o afectivo. Entre ellos se encuentran la construcción de viviendas sociales, lavanderías cocinas escolares, etc. En lo referentes a escuelas se siguió la visión pedagógica de Maria Montessori. [The laudable participation of Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky in the Austrian resistance during the Second World War is not subject of this article but her and her contribution to architecture. Her projects are meant to be functional and oriented to dignify space, ranging from designing social housing, laundries to cooking schools. However, her core work is focused on the construction of schools planned according to the pedagogic perspective of Maria Montessori.]

Language: Spanish

DOI: 10.12795/RICL.2017.i20.09

ISSN: 1885-3625

Abstract/Notes: Includes a list of individuals assisting Montessori with her work in San Diego. Also, reports on a 10-lecture series Montessori provided: "For the benefit of mothers, teachers and all others interested, Dr. Montessori has decided to offer a short course of ten lectures and two demonstrations of the use of the didactic appareatus, to begin Wednesday, July 7th, at 3:30 p.m. in the lecture room, at the normal school. Those interested in this course should make personal application on Monday and Tuesday, between the hours of 2 and 3, in the afternoon, in Dr. Montessori's office at the normal school, where they may learn the nature of the work and the requirements for admission. This short course has been arranged in response to the many requests that have been made for it by persons unable to take the advanced course which was begun in Los Angeles and will be continued in San Diego and, later, in San Francisco, for about four months. The first public address by Dr. Montessori will be given at the exposition on the afternoon of July 12, which has been set aside by the exposition management as 'Education Day.'"

Language: English

Language: English

DOI: 10.1080/00131911.2021.1887559

ISSN: 0013-1911

Language: English

DOI: 10.1080/00497878.2020.1870461

ISSN: 0049-7878