Abstract/Notes: Aim: The topic of the article is the issue of popularizing the Maria Montessori method in the magazine “Przedszkole Przedszkolne” (1925–1939). The article was divided into five parts. The first presents the magazine “Preschool Education”, its issues and educational and popularizing functions. The second part of the article contains an outline of Maria Montessori’s biography up to 1910. The most important turning point in the life of this outstanding teacher is the year in which she gave up her medical practice and didactic work at the University of Rome, devoting herself entirely to teaching, primarily improving and promoting her own method. The most important for the discussed issue, i.e. the third, fourth and fifth parts include the description and the analysis of articles describing the Montessori method in the pages of Preschool Education, presentation of the section with sets of sense exercises and presentation of critical voices regarding this method, published in this journal. Methods: a critical analysis of sources. Results: an analysis of original articles propagating the Maria Montessori method in the magazine “Preschool Education” (1925–1939), whose founder and editor-in-chief was Maria Weryho-Radziwiłłowicz. Conclusions: In the years 1925–1939, the magazine “Preschool Education” published several articles that were a valuable source of information about the pedagogy of Maria Montessori and the organization of “children’s homes”. The authors of the most important of them were Klara Grunwald, and critical of this method ‒ Zofia Bogdanowiczowa. Importantly, in 1936 a translation of one of Maria Montessori’s lectures was published. The editors of “Preschool Education” placed great emphasis on the issues of pedagogical practice, which is why from the first issue the subject of sensory education was promoted. A huge number of various the so-called sensory exercises, in the form of usually creative suggestions for educators, could however result in the shallowing of the Montessori method as a whole.

Language: Polish

DOI: 10.17460/PHO_2020.3_4.06

ISSN: 0033-2178

Language: English

ISSN: 0889-5643

Abstract/Notes: The purpose of this qualitative thesis was to find out whether Montessori pedagogy based Montessori day care center Aurinkoleijona supports the self-management of the child, and what kind of experiences the parents of children have in the subject area. The thesis is a case study, and in the theoretical part it raises the documents guiding the early childhood education as well as the history of Finnish early childhood education, and the alternative pedagogics. Further, the thesis immerses Montessori pedagogy and the development of self-regulation and self-management of the child. At present, children's learning and learning difficulties are topical themes. Finland has been in the elite of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) for many years, but recently the results have weakened. Learning difficulties are influenced by many factors, but one factor that can be considered is the difficulties that are faced in self-management. In order for a child to have a good start in the development of self-management, attention should be paid to supporting it in early childhood education. With Finnish early childhood education being high quality, it provides a good foundation for the overall development of each child, including self-management. The thesis deals with the development of practical early childhood education in the Montessori day care center Aurinkoleijona by exploring potential development targets for supporting the child's self-management. The research questions are: "How does the Montessori pedagogy support the child’s self-management?" and "What kind of experiences do parents have with their child’s or children’s self-management?". Research methods were observation and a questionnaire for the parents of the child. Material was analyzed by utilizing content analysis. The results show that the operational environment of the Montessori day care center Aurinkoleijona has been created in a way that it supports the self-management of the child by many means. Versatile functions, calmness of the atmosphere, furniture that are in the child’s level, and the role of adults in the environment enable a good basis for supporting the self-management of the child. Parents’ experiences of day care center were positive. Children in the day care center are growing up to be independent, and self-directed future schoolchildren, who take others into consideration. / Tämän laadullisen opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli selvittää, tukeeko montessoripedagogiikkaan pohjautuva Montessori-päiväkoti Aurinkoleijona lapsen oman toiminnan ohjausta sekä minkälaisia kokemuksia lasten vanhemmilla on tästä ohjauksesta. Opinnäytetyö on tapaustutkimus, jonka teoriaosiossa nostetaan esille varhaiskasvatusta ohjaavien asiakirjojen lisäksi suomalaisen varhaiskasvatuksen historiaa sekä vaihtoehto pedagogiikoita. Työssä syvennytään lisäksi tarkemmin Montessoripedagogiikkaan sekä lapsen itsesäätelyn ja oman toiminnan ohjauksen kehittymiseen. Tänä päivänä lasten oppiminen ja oppimisvaikeudet ovat ajankohtainen puheenaihe. Suomi on loistanut PISA-tutkimuksen kärjessä monia vuosia, mutta viime vuosina tulokset ovat heikentyneet. Oppimisvaikeuksien taustalla vaikuttavat monet tekijät, mutta yhtenä tekijänä voidaan pitää vaikeuksia oman toiminnan ohjauksessa. Jotta lapsi saa hyvän alun oman toiminnan ohjauksen kehittymiseen, on varhaiskasvatuksessa kiinnitettävä huomiota sen tukemiseen. Suomalaisen varhaiskasvatuksen ollessa laadukasta, se mahdollistaa hyvän pohjan jokaisen lapsen kokonaisvaltaiselle kehitykselle, sisältäen myös oman toiminnan ohjauksen. Opinnäytetyö kiinnittyy käytännön varhaiskasvatustyön kehittämiseen Montessori-päiväkoti Aurinkoleijonassa tutkimalla mahdollisia kehittämiskohteita lapsen oman toiminnan ohjauksen tukemisen osalta. Tutkimuskysymykset ovat: ”Millä tavoin Montessori-pedagogiikka tukee lapsen oman toiminnan ohjausta?” sekä ”Minkälaisia kokemuksia vanhemmilla on lapsensa/lastensa oman toiminnan ohjauksesta?”. Tutkimusaineiston keruumenetelminä käytettiin havainnointia ja lapsen vanhemmille suunnattua kyselylomaketta. Aineisto analysointiin sisällönanalyysia hyödyntämällä. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että Montessori-päiväkoti Aurinkoleijonan toimintaympäristö on luotu niin, että se tukee lapsen oman toiminnan ohjausta monin keinoin. Monipuoliset toiminnot, ilmapiirin rauhallisuus, kalusteiden lapsentasoisuus ja aikuisten rooli ympäristössä mahdollistavat hyvän pohjan lapsen oman toiminnan ohjauksen tukemiselle. Lasten vanhempien kokemukset päiväkodista olivat positiivisia. Lapsista kasvaa päiväkodissa itsenäisiä, omaohjautuvia ja toiset huomioon ottavia tulevia koululaisia.

Language: Finnish

Published: Turku, Finland, 2017

Language: Italian

ISSN: 0488-0005

Abstract/Notes: La tesi si propone di analizzare le proposte pedagogiche di Maria Montessori e Rudolf Steiner in relazione alla scuola tradizionale e alla diffusione di tali scuole nel Mondo e in Italia, con particolare focus su Torino. Ripercorrendo il contesto socio-culturale e...

Language: Italian

Published: Torino, Italy, 2019

Abstract/Notes: La storia del movimento montessoriano comincia in Italia con l’apertura della prima “Casa dei bambini” nel quartiere popolare di San Lorenzo a Roma. Maria Montessori ha raccontato la storia delle prime scuole che applicarono il suo metodo nei libri che hanno reso celebre il nome Montessori in molti paesi del mondo. Molto resta ancora da studiare nella storia del movimento montessoriano successiva alla morte della sua fondatrice. Anche le prime case dei bambini di Roma furono trasformate negli anni del regime fascista, chiuse e riaperte dopo la fine del regime. La vita stessa di Maria Montessori è stata ampiamente studiata, ma alcuni periodi della sua vita possono essere ancora approfonditi. La proposta educativa sulla quale il metodo Montessori è basato è stata arricchita nel corso del tempo; oggi le ricerche di Angeline S. Lillard hanno aggiornato la teoria dell’educazione montessoriana con importanti riferimenti alla psicologia dell’età evolutiva contemporanea. Lo studio della pedagogia Montessori richiede oggi una conoscenza approfondita del contesto storico di un secolo fa e della vita di Maria Montessori. La conoscenza adeguata della psicologia del bambino è fondamentale per l’uso efficace del metodo e dei materiali. Ciascun bambino è diverso e ha bisogno di insegnanti che conoscano adeguatamente i principi e i valori che orientano l’attività delle case dei bambini; l’applicazione del metodo deve essere legata allo stile educativo democratico e aperto che Maria Montessori ha posto alla base della sua teoria dell’educazione. / evolutiva contemporanea. Lo studio della pedagogia Montessori richiede oggi una conoscenza approfondita del contesto storico di un secolo fa e della vita di Maria Montessori. La conoscenza adeguata della psicologia del bambino è fondamentale per l’uso efficace del metodo e dei materiali. Ciascun bambino è diverso e ha bisogno di insegnanti che conoscano adeguatamente i principi e i valori che orientano l’attività delle case dei bambini; l’applicazione del metodo deve essere legata allo stile educativo democratico e aperto che Maria Montessori ha posto alla base della sua teoria dell’educazione. Montessori con importantes referencias a la psicología evolutiva contemporánea. El estudio actual de la pedagogía Montessori requiere de un profundo conocimiento del contexto histórico de hace un siglo y de la vida de María Montessori. El conocimiento adecuado de la psicología infantil es fundamental para el uso eficaz del método y los materiales. Cada niño es diferente y necesita de maestros que conozcan adecuadamente los principios y valores que orientan la actividaded de las “Casa dei Bambini”; la aplicación del método debe estar asociada con el estilo educativo democrático y abierto que Maria Montessori puso en la base de su teoría de la educación. / The history of the Montessori Movement began in Italy with the opening of the first children’s home in the popular area of San Lorenzo in Rome. Maria Montessori told the story of the first schools which applied her method in the books that have made famous her name in many countries around the world. Much remains to be studied in the history of the Montessori Movement after the death of its founder. Even the first houses of the children in Rome ceased their activities during the years of the fascist regime and reopened after the end of the regime. The life of Maria Montessori has been extensively studied, but some periods of her life may be further studied. The educational proposal on which the Montessori method is based has been enriched in the course of time; today, Angeline S. Lillard’s researches have updated the Montessori educational theory with important references to contemporary developmental psychology. The study of Montessori pedagogy today would require a thorough understanding of the historical context of a century ago and of the life of Maria Montessori herself. Adequate knowledge of child psychology is fundamental to the effective use of the method and materials; each child is different and needs teachers who know adequately the principles and values that guide the activities of the children’s homes; the application of the method must be linked to the democratic and open educational style that Maria Montessori made the basis of her theory of education.

Language: Italian

ISSN: 2255-0666

Language: Romanian

Abstract/Notes: This study is a qualitative research based on literature review, which aims at evaluating the reading and writing education within the framework of the Montessorian system. In this research study, the process that children encounter while they learn to read and write in Montessorian schools is examined in detail in a progressive manner. Materials used in the educational process constitute a significant part of this study. In other words, this study mainly includes the most important elements of the Montessorian Method. It also intends to outline the Montessorian Method with its main features. / Montessori sistemi çerçevesinde okuma ve yazma eğitiminin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma, literatür taramaya dayalı nitel bir araştırmadır. Bu araştırmada Montessori okullarında eğitim gören çocukların okuma ve yazmayı öğrenirken karşılaştıkları süreçler ayrıntılı olarak aşamalı bir biçimde ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın önemli bir bölümünü eğitim sürecinde kullanılan materyaller oluşturmaktadır. Başka bir deyişle çalışmada ağırlıklı olarak Montessori Metodu’nun en önemli unsurlarına yer verilmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu çalışmayla Montessori Metodu’nun ana hatlarıyla tanıtılması da amaçlanmıştır.

Language: Turkish

ISSN: 2148-9424

Abstract/Notes: In accordance with the constructivist concept of didactics, the teacher’s duty is to support students in acquiring tools for understanding the world and building resources of their own knowledge and skills. On the other hand, the task of education is to help each individual in developing his ability to become a holistic human being, not just a tool for economics. The charge directed most often towards the Polish school is failure to perform this task, which is manifested by the poor preparation of young people to live and work, to the development challenges, but also the threats of the modern world. It is worth looking for solutions that will create opportunities for children and young people to develop according to their abilities. One of such solutions has the pedagogy of Maria Montessori emphasizing the importance of the child’s activity in the process of learning. The article compared briefly the hebratism with the trend of “new upbringing” to which Maria Montessori’s pedagogy is included, and further considerations have been referred to the modern knowledge of how the brain is taught. / W myśl konstruktywistycznej koncepcji dydaktyki powinnością nauczyciela jest wspieranie uczniów w zdobywaniu przez nich narzędzi poznania i rozumienia świata oraz budowaniu zasobów własnej wiedzy i umiejętności. Zadaniem edukacji jest natomiast pomoc każdej jednostce w rozwijaniu zdolności w stawaniu się całościowym bytem ludzkim, a nie jedynie narzędziem dla ekonomii. Zarzutem kierowanym najczęściej w kierunku polskiej szkoły jest niewywiązywanie się z tego zadania, co przejawia się słabym przygotowaniem młodych ludzi do życia i pracy, do wyzwań rozwojowych, ale i zagrożeń współczesnego świata. Warto poszukiwać takich rozwiązań, które stworzą dzieciom i młodzieży możliwość rozwoju na miarę ich możliwości. Jednym z takich rozwiązań dysponuje pedagogika Marii Montessori, podkreślając znaczenie aktywności dziecka w procesie jego uczenia się. W artykule krótko porównano hebratyzm z nurtem „nowego wychowania”, do którego zaliczana jest pedagogika Marii Montessori, a dalsze rozważania odniesione zostały do współczesnej wiedzy o tym, jak uczy się mózg.

Language: Polish

DOI: 10.15584/eti.2018.1.35

ISSN: 2080-9069, 2450-9221

Language: German

ISSN: 0342-5517