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Book Section
A Philosophical Perspective on the Purpose of Education in Indonesia
Available from: Springer Link
Book Title: Comparative and Decolonial Studies in Philosophy of Education
Pages: 51-71
Asia, Australasia, Comparative education, Friedrich Fröbel - Philosophy, Indonesia, Ki Hajar Dewantara - Philosophy, Maria Montessori - Philosophy, Rabindranath Tagore - Philosophy, Southeast Asia
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Abstract/Notes: This chapter will look at the purpose of education in the context of Indonesia’s past and present. I will draw on the philosophy of Ki Hajar Dewantara (1889–1959), who is regarded as the father of Indonesian education. In conceptualising education, he was influenced by his upbringing, local culture, and international influences from various educators and philosophers such as Rabindranath Tagore, Maria Montessori, and Friedrich Fröbel. This chapter is particularly timely because the Indonesian government has started to critically re-examine two of the educational concepts proposed by Dewantara, which are “pendidikan karakter” (character education) and “merdeka belajar” (independent learning). The chapter will start with a discussion on the purpose of education before introducing Dewantara and his background. I will then offer two comparisons; First, between Dewantara’s purpose of education and the aims of Dutch schools during the colonial period in Indonesia, highlighting the importance of imparting local wisdom and values in Dewantara’s school which were ignored by the colonial schools. Second, between Dewantara’s purpose of education and the current government’s policies. By doing so, I will highlight the different purposes articulated for education in various contexts, from the colonial era to present-day Indonesia. The conclusion of this chapter is that there have been profound changes to the very purpose of education in Indonesia. Nevertheless, Dewantara’s philosophy is still very much relevant today and thus, the Indonesian government should revisit its conceptualisation of the foundations of education. Dewantara’s thought is also likely to see increased interest in other countries due to a growing global demand for awareness of non-Western educational philosophies.
Language: English
Published: Singapore, Singapore: Springer Nature, 2023
Edition: 1st ed.
ISBN: 978-981-9901-39-5
Article
Jiang su sheng jiao yu hui meng tie suo li jiao ju yan jiu hui [Conference Record of the Montessori Teaching Materials Research Association of Jiangsu Education Association]
Publication: Chong Hua Educational Review, vol. 4, no. 5
Date: 1915
Pages: 7-9
Asia, China, East Asia, Montessori method of education
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Language: Chinese
Article
Montessori’s Perspective on Citizenship Education: A View From the Netherlands
Available from: University of Kansas Libraries
Publication: Journal of Montessori Research, vol. 9, no. 2
Date: 2023
Pages: 28-43
Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Abstract/Notes: The purpose of this study is to synthesize Montessori’s writings on citizenship education to support the implementation of a Montessorian view. This synthesis demonstrates that Montessori was of the explicit conviction that a better world can be achieved through citizenship education, as it strives for a peaceful and harmonious society. We approach this topic through the Dutch context. Although schools in the Netherlands are required by law to promote active citizenship and social cohesion, this law does not stipulate which of the many different views on citizenship education schools must adhere to. Schools have the liberty to devise their own citizenship curricula if they can substantiate their views and choices. For Montessori schools, this requires insight into Montessori’s view on citizenship education. Although Montessori’s views are still largely appropriate in our time, an ongoing dialogue about citizenship education is required, as Montessori lived and worked in a specific geopolitical context. Based on our analysis, we have identified seven themes that characterize Montessori’s view on citizenship education: one common citizenship goal; preparation for independent thinking and action; image of the future citizen; adapted and critical citizens; humanity for harmony; knowledge as prerequisite, personality development as goal; and an ever-expanding worldview. The results of this study provide valuable insights for designing and teaching citizenship education through a Montessorian lens.
Language: English
ISSN: 2378-3923
Article
[Montessori Education: The First Introduction and Development]
Publication: Orbis, vol. 1
Date: 1981
Pages: 34-37
Asia, East Asia, Japan, Montessori method of education
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Abstract/Notes: This is an article from a Japanese language periodical published by Japan Montessori Research Institute.
Language: Japanese
Article
American Educational Methods and Some Foreign Innovations
Available from: NewsBank - San Diego Evening Tribune Historical
Publication: San Diego Evening Tribune (San Diego, California)
Date: Aug 24, 1915
Pages: 4
Americas, International Montessori Training Course (3rd [course 1], Los Angeles and San Diego, USA, May - July 1915), Maria Montessori - Biographic sources, Panama-California Exposition (1915, San Diego, California), Montessori method of education - Teacher training, North America, Panama-California Exposition (1915-1916, San Diego, California), United States of America
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Language: English
Article
Does Open Education Really Work in an Urban Setting?
Available from: JSTOR
Publication: Phi Delta Kappan, vol. 54, no. 2
Date: Oct 1972
Pages: 107-110
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Language: English
ISSN: 0031-7217
Report
Preschool Education for Inner-City Children: Preliminary Results of an Experimental Montessori Programme
Available from: ERIC
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Abstract/Notes: Early results from a Montessori nursery program initiated by Toronto, Canada, in 1971, to help inner-city children prepare for formal education indicate that the mothers of the 15 three- and four-year-old children were pleased with the program. Specifically, they felt that the children had increased their verbal skills, preparedness for junior kindergarten, and social maturity. However, not all mothers were pleased with the increased independence shown by some of the children. A study of the children's characteristics suggested that caution should be exerted in extrapolating the findings from other so-called disadvantaged children to inner-city children in one's own city. Other data are useful but the needs of a particular population must be carefully observed. When isolating deficiencies or identity needs, wholesale generalizations from superficial measures should not be made. Precise and explicit definitions should be made for such terms as deficient in language, intellectual motivation, or conceptual ability. Otherwise inadequate solutions are likely to result. (JS)
Language: English
Published: Toronto, Canada, Nov 1971
Article
Education and Special Needs and Disabilities Update
Publication: Montessori International, vol. 79
Date: Apr 2006
Pages: 38–39
Children with disabilities, Inclusive education, Special education
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Language: English
ISSN: 1470-8647
Article
Some Educational Benefits of Freely Chosen Age Mixing among Children and Adolescents.
Available from: JSTOR
Publication: Phi Delta Kappan, vol. 80, no. 7
Date: Mar 1999
Pages: 507-512
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Abstract/Notes: Observation of 200 children ages 4 to 19 attending a Massachusetts nongraded alternative school disclosed substantial age mixing. Younger children used older children to develop skills and acquire knowledge. Age mixing encouraged opportunities for creativity, helped match abilities, and fostered older children's sense of responsibility for younger children. (MLH)
Language: English
ISSN: 0031-7217
Article
The Uganda Montessori Peace Education Initiative [Victoria Montessori School, Entebbe]
Available from: ProQuest
Publication: Montessori Life, vol. 18, no. 3
Date: 2006
Pages: 12
Africa, East Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda
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Language: English
ISSN: 1054-0040