Abstract/Notes: Child-centered pedagogy is at the ideological core of progressive education. The simple idea that the child rather than the teacher or textbook should be the major focus of the classroom is, perhaps, the single most enduring educational idea of the era. In this historical study, the author argues that child-centered education emerged directly from the theory of recapitulation, the idea that the development of the White child retraced the history of the human race. The theory of recapitulation was pervasive in the fields of anthropology, sociology, and psychology at the turn of the 20th century, and so early progressive educators uncritically adopted the basic tenets of the theory, which served as a major rationale for child-centered instruction. The theory was inherently ethnocentric and racist because it pointed to the West as the developmental endpoint of history, thereby depicting people of color as ontologically less developed than their White counterparts.

Language: English

DOI: 10.3102/0002831214561629

ISSN: 0002-8312, 1935-1011

Language: Hungarian

ISSN: 1583-6436

Abstract/Notes: Within an inherently dynamic environment, unexpected outcomes are part of daily life. Performance monitoring allows us to detect these events and adjust behavior accordingly. The necessity of such an optimal functioning has made error-monitoring a prominent topic of research over the last decades. Event-related potentials (ERPs) have differentiated between two brain components involved in error-monitoring: the error-related negativity (ERN) and error-related positivity (Pe) that are thought to reflect detection vs. emotional/motivational processing of errors, respectively. Both ERN and Pe depend on the protracted maturation of the frontal cortices and anterior cingulate through adolescence. To our knowledge, the impact of schooling pedagogy on error-monitoring and its brain mechanisms remains unknown and was the focus of the present study. Swiss schoolchildren completed a continuous recognition task while 64-channel EEG was recorded and later analyzed within an electrical neuroimaging framework. They were enrolled either in a Montessori curriculum (N=13), consisting of self-directed learning through trial-and-error activities with sensory materials, or a traditional curriculum (N=14), focused on externally driven activities mainly based on reward feedback. The two groups were controlled for age, gender, socio-economic status, parental educational style, and scores of fluid intelligence. The ERN was significantly enhanced in Montessori schoolchildren (driven by a larger response to errors), with source estimation differences localized to the cuneus and precuneus. In contrast, the Pe was enhanced in traditional schoolchildren (driven by a larger response to correct trials), with source estimation differences localized to the ventral anterior cingulate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that the ERN and Pe could reliably classify if a child was following a Montessori or traditional curriculum. Brain activity subserving error-monitoring is modulated differently according to school pedagogy.

Language: English

DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/7nbqz

Abstract/Notes: Un nombre important d’enseignant(e)s de l’école maternelle remettent actuellement en cause ses modalités pédagogiques habituelles en instillant dans leur pratique des éléments issus de la pédagogie Montessori. Qu’il s’agisse de l’organisation spatiale, du matériel, des usages du temps, ou du rôle de l’adulte, ces pratiques « d’inspiration montessorienne » s’avèrent très hétérogènes et plus ou moins orthodoxe. Cet article cherche à les catégoriser en distinguant des pratiques relevant d’un faible ou d’un fort engagement montessorien. Dans les deux cas, il s’agit aussi de mettre au jour d’inexorables limites à l’importation de la pédagogie Montessori au sein de l’école maternelle publique, du fait des programmes et du cadrage institutionnel. L’ensemble du raisonnement est l’occasion d’une réflexion sur l es emprunts pédagogiques partiels, lorsque des éléments d’une pédagogie sont repris sans forcément l’ensemble de ses principes fondateurs. [A significant number of french preschool teachers are currently changing their usual pedagogical methods by instilling elements from Montessori pedagogy into their practice. Concerning spatial organization, pedagogical material, uses of time, or adult’s role, these practices are very heterogeneous and more or less orthodox. This article seeks to categorize them by distinguishing practices within a weak or strong Montessori commitment. In both cases, it’s also a question of inexorable limits to the importation of Montessori pedagogy into public french preschool, due to programmes and institutional framework. This whole reasoning is an opportunity for reflection on partial pedagogical loans, when elements of a pedagogy are taken up without necessarily all its founding principles.]

Language: French

DOI: 10.3917/spec.012.0031

ISSN: 2256-7186, 2426-6272

Abstract/Notes: O diálogo entre arquitetura e pedagogia intensificou-se nota velmentenas últimas décadas, contudo, no âmbito italiano os exemplos de escolas que fogem aos rígidos modelos tradicionais representa mainda casos isolados. Esta dissertação pretende aprofundar o processo de desenho de projeto para uma Escola Primária pública situada em Itália, em Crespano del Grappa na região de Vêneto, enquadrada no Programa Nacional Scuole Innovative que, através do lançamento de um concursopara 51 novas escolas, representa uma tentativa de inovação no panorama escolar italiano. Apoiado na pedagogia Montessori, ou, mais especificamente, centrando-se na possibilidade de relação entre as suas pioneiras práticas educativas e o desenvolvimento de um ambiente de ensino que possa revelar-se realmente estimulante à aprendizagem, opresente projeto tenta conjugar todas estas preocupações, com osentido do lugar e da escola entendida como equipamento público de referência para a comunidade. [The dialogue between architecture and pedagogy has intensified considerably in the last decades; however, in the Italian context, examples of schools that try to flee the rigid traditional models still represent isolated instances. This dissertation intends to deepen the process of designing a Public Primary School located in Italy, in Crespano del Grappa, in the Veneto region, as part of the national program Scuole Innovative which, through the launch of a competition for the construction of 51 new schools, embodies an attempt to innovate in the Italian school scenery. Based on the Montessori pedagogy or, more specifically, focusing on the possible relationship between its pioneering educational practices and the development of an educational environment, that could be really stimulating to learning, the present project tries to combine all these concerns, with the sense of the place, the landscape and the school as a public reference equipment for the whole community.]

Language: Portuguese

Published: Porto, Portugal, 2018

Abstract/Notes: Nanette Schonleber makes a remarkable correlation as to why Hawaiian indigenous educators thrive with Montessori pedagogy. Compatible educators share values and goals, such as developmental learning, respect for parenthood, freedom of movement and independence, choice in learning, and specific individualized potential. Hawaiian language and culture-based educators view their work as a way of learning embedded in a way of life that integrates a cultural worldview and belief system, such as the child as a spiritual being, earth as living, and creation as interconnected. The author also finds congruency in land-based learning as being fundamental to indigenous learning and similar to the Erdkinder emphasis for the adolescent where interconnectedness and community roles arise out of farming. [This article is based on the author's 2006 award-winning doctoral dissertation titled "Culturally Congruent Education and the Montessori Model: Perspectives from Hawaiian Culture-Based Educators."]

Language: English

ISSN: 1522-9734

Abstract/Notes: The system of education developed by Maria Montessori, noted Italian feminist, anthropologist and physician, is the single largest pedagogy in the world with over 22,000 public, private, parochial, and charter schools on six continents, enduring even as other teaching methods have waxed and waned. Despite its international diffusion and longevity, research into the pedagogy is glaringly absent from mainstream educational literature. The purpose of this study is, first, to explore Dr. Montessori's involvement in international conferences and examine how the exchange of ideas by participants may have influenced her pedagogy. Second, this study investigates the implementation of Montessori pedagogy in two countries, the United Republic of Tanzania and the Russian Federation, focusing on the interplay of teacher training, classroom practice, and culture. This comparative multiple case study was designed to differentiate what is universal in the Montessori pedagogy and what is country specific or culture bound. Observations in classrooms guided by a checklist of ten essential elements, interviews with teachers, trainers and leaders of Montessori associations, and historical and contemporary documents are the primary sources of data. The results of the data indicate that limited economic resources, the quality of training, government regulations and availability of Montessori books translated into the Kiswahili and Russian languages influence the implementation of Montessori pedagogy in the United Republic of Tanzania and the Russian Federation to a greater extent than culture. Montessori pedagogy as implemented in Tanzania is thriving and is providing much needed quality education for young children. Several factors influence its implementation, but poverty permeates through all the classrooms and is the most significant. Montessori pedagogy as implemented in Russia also is thriving, in spite of the challenge of consistent training. Impressive efforts such as the work of the Belgorod Montessori Study Center to develop the theoretical understanding and practical applications of cosmic education and Michailova Montessori School's experiment in integrating into a self-managed government school may determine whether Montessori remains on the periphery of pedagogy or moves to the center, influencing future policy.

Language: English

Published: Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2010

Language: German

Published: Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany: Herder, 2012

Edition: 2nd ed.

Series: Montessori-Praxis (Herder)

Language: Swedish

ISSN: 1103-8101

Abstract/Notes: Proceedings of the conference held in Rome, Italy, November 10-11, 2011.

Language: Italian

Published: Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2014

ISBN: 978-88-917-0849-6

Series: Storia della psicologia , 12