Abstract/Notes: Play and work are, besides science, two basic forms of human activity. Play is not only the basic form of the activity of a small child, but also the organization of the educational process in a kindergarten. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to answer the question of why Maria Montessori calls a child’s activity work and not play. The explanation of this issue is carried out in two stages. The first is a literature review, on the basis of which the most important issues of the contemporary understanding of the concept of play and work are formulated. The second is an analysis of M. Montessori’s views and comparing them with the assumptions about play and work. The work of a child according to M. Montessori leads to their independence, allowing them to build relationships with others and discover the meaning of their actions, as well as objects in their immediate vicinity. The intention of M. Montessori was to appreciate the child’s actions, which promote holistic and integral development. Her views can be considered as convergent with contemporary concepts in primary education, focusing on subjectivity. She created a well-prepared environment for the child to be able to choose their own activity, termed as work. / Zabawa i praca są, obok nauki, dwiema podstawowymi formami działalności ludzkiej. Zabawa jest nie tylko podstawową formą aktywności małego dziecka, ale też organizacji procesu wychowawczego w przedszkolu. Dlatego celem artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego Maria Montessori nazywa działalność dziecka pracą, a nie zabawą. Wyjaśnienie tego zagadnienia jest realizowane w dwóch etapach. Pierwszy to przegląd literatury, na podstawie której sformułowano najważniejsze kwestie współczesnego rozumienia pojęć zabawy i pracy. Drugi to analiza poglądów M. Montessori i porównanie ich z założeniami dotyczącymi zabawy i pracy. Praca dziecka według M. Montessori prowadzi do jego samodzielności, pozwala na budowanie więzi z innymi oraz na odkrywanie i nadawanie sensu swojemu działaniu, jak i przedmiotom znajdującym się w najbliższym otoczeniu. Intencją M. Montessori było dowartościowanie działania dziecka, które sprzyja holistycznemu i integralnemu rozwojowi. Jej poglądy można uznać za zbieżne ze współczesnymi koncepcjami edukacji dziecka, stawiającymi na podmiotowość. Włoszka tworzy odpowiednio przygotowane otoczenie do tego, by dziecko mogło dokonywać wyboru własnej aktywności, która została nazwana pracą.

Language: Polish

DOI: 10.14632/eetp.2017.13.47.69

ISSN: 1896-2327, 2353-7787

Language: Korean

ISSN: 1976-6009

Language: English

Abstract/Notes: When Maria Montessori developed her own method, the question of the reception and education of migrant children did not yet arise. Can a Montessori school today give an answer to questions that had not yet been formulated at the time of the Chiaravalle pedagogist? This volume discusses the theme and, starting from the analysis of the principles on which the first Children's Home was founded, bears witness to how the Montessori method can be applied profitably in multi-ethnic classes, from nursery to primary school, and in teaching practice of Italian as L2 for adults with even very distant linguistic backgrounds, including cases of illiteracy. In addition to recounting the concrete experiences of teachers who have worked in multicultural contexts (in Italy, but also in Africa), the author helps to understand the contours of the phenomenon by reporting updated data on the percentage of students of foreign origin in our schools, their origin, the prediction of success and school dropout. A valid contribution on a theoretical and operational level for teachers of method schools and traditional ones and for cultural mediators and operators

Language: Italian

Published: Trento, Italy: Erickson, 2020

ISBN: 978-88-590-2155-1

Abstract/Notes: This speech was delivered on September 28, 1957 at the 11th International Montessori Congress (Rome, Italy).

Language: French

Published: Roma, Italy: Vita dell'infanzia, 1959

Abstract/Notes: Translation of: Grundgedanken der Montessori-Pädagogik.

Language: English

Published: Oxford, UK: Clio Press, 1997

ISBN: 978-1-85109-276-5

Series: Clio Montessori Series , 14

Language: Italian

Abstract/Notes: The aim of this study is to compare the math skills of children with and without Montessori education. A mixed design method was used in the research. Quantitative data were used to measure children's mathematical skills. Parents' views on early mathematics education were obtained by qualitative data collection method. The study group included 39 children who attended two different kindergartens with and without Montessori education for two years and their parents. Personal information form and the Early Mathematics Test (EMAT) were used to collect data. As a result that the educational institution they attend is effective in children's mathematics skills, it was found that, the mathematics skill scores of the children who received Montessori education were higher than those who did not receive Montessori education. It was determined that the age of the children's parents, education level of the parents and working status of mothers did not cause significant changes on the children's math scores. Parents of children attending both schools stated that they see mathematics as a part of daily life and that early mathematics achievements will affect both their whole life and their future academic achievements. It was observed that the parents mostly focused on counting skills. While some of the parents expressed skills such as sequencing, matching, and patterns, none of them responded to geometry. It has been concluded that the families adopting the Montessori education method see this education method as a tool for learning mathematics and guide their learning at home by interacting more with their teachers. / Bu araştırma, Montessori eğitimi alan ve almayan çocukların matematik becerilerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nicel ve nitel veri toplama yöntemleri birlikte yer almıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda sontest kontrol gruplu model, nitel boyutunda ise ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubuna MEB OÖEP'na göre eğitim veren ve MEB OÖEP'na ek olarak Montessori yöntemiyle eğitim veren farklı anaokullarından 39 çocuk ve bu çocukların ebeveynleri dahil edilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Aile Görüşme Formu ve Erken Matematik Testi (EMAT) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; çocukların matematik becerilerinde, devam ettikleri eğitim kurumunun etkili olduğu, Montessori eğitimi alan çocukların matematik beceri puanlarının, Montessori eğitimi almayan çocuklardan daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çocukların yaş grubu, cinsiyet ve kardeş sayısının matematik becerilerini etkilemediği görülmüştür. Anne-baba yaşı, anne-baba öğrenim durumu ve annenin çalışıp çalışmama durumunun çocukların EMAT puanları üzerinde anlamlı değişikliklere yol açmadığı saptanmıştır. Her iki okula devam eden çocukların ebeveynleri, matematiği günlük hayatın bir parçası olarak gördüklerini ve erken dönem matematik kazanımlarının hem hayatın tamamını hem de akademik başarıları etkileyeceğine yönelik görüş bildirmişlerdir. Ebeveynlerin matematik konusunda en çok sayı sayma becerisi üzerinde durdukları görülmüştür. Bazı ebeveynler sıralama, eşleştirme, örüntü gibi becerileri ifade ederken geometriye yönelik herhangi bir yanıt gelmemiştir. Montessori eğitim yöntemini benimseyen ailelerin, bu eğitim yöntemini matematik öğrenimi için bir araç olarak gördükleri ve öğretmenleriyle daha çok etkileşimde bulunarak evdeki öğrenmelerine rehberlik ettikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Language: Turkish

Published: Ankara, Turkey, 2021

Language: German

Published: Heidelberg, Germany: Schindele, 1993

Edition: 2nd. ed.

ISBN: 3-89149-118-2

Series: Arbeitshefte zur heilpädagogischen Übungsbehandlung , 3

Language: German

Published: Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany: Herder, 1994

Edition: 7th revised ed.

ISBN: 3-451-23358-4 978-3-451-23358-6