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Article
Three Approaches from Europe: Waldorf, Montessori, and Reggio Emilia
Available from: ECRP Website
Publication: Early Childhood Research and Practice, vol. 4, no. 1
Date: 2002
Pages: 1-14
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Abstract/Notes: Waldorf, Montessori, and Reggio Emilia are three progressive approaches to early childhood education that appear to be growing in influence in North America and to have many points in common. This article provides a brief comparative introduction and highlights several key areas of similarity and contrast. All three approaches represent an explicit idealism and turn away from war and violence toward peace and reconstruction. They are built on coherent visions of how to improve human society by helping children realize their full potential as intelligent, creative, whole persons. In each approach, children are viewed as active authors of their own development, strongly influenced by natural, dynamic, self-righting forces within themselves, opening the way toward growth and learning. Teachers depend for their work with children on carefully prepared, aesthetically pleasing environments that serve as a pedagogical tool and provide strong messages about the curriculum and about respect for children. Partnering with parents is highly valued in all three approaches, and children are evaluated by means other than traditional tests and grades. However, there are also many areas of difference, some at the level of principle and others at the level of strategy. Underlying the three approaches are variant views of the nature of young children's needs, interests, and modes of learning that lead to contrasts in the ways that teachers interact with children in the classroom, frame and structure learning experiences for children, and follow the children through observation/documentation. The article ends with discussion of the methods that researchers apply to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
Language: English
ISSN: 1524-5039
Article
Frequency of Six Early Childhood Education Approaches: A 10-year Content Analysis of Early Childhood Educational Journal
Available from: Springer Link
Publication: Early Childhood Education Journal, vol. 34, no. 5
Date: 2007
Pages: 301
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Abstract/Notes: The frequency of early childhood education approaches spanning 10 years of publications was investigated. A content analysis of publications (N = 492) from Early Childhood Education Journal was conducted. From a previous content analysis six approaches or search words were identified: Bank Street, Head Start, High/Scope, Montessori, Reggio Emilia, and Waldorf. Overall, the current content analysis demonstrated that the Head Start approach most frequently appeared. The results indicate that approaches vary as to their frequency of appearance and that contributors of Early Childhood Education Journal have investigated, reflected upon, and expanded upon approaches to educating young children to different degrees. This finding may be beneficial to future contributors of Early Childhood Education Journal. In addition, we have provided a brief overview of each approach that early childhood professionals may use to aid parents with their early childhood education enrollment decisions.
Language: English
DOI: 10.1007/s10643-006-0080-4
ISSN: 1082-3301, 1573-1707
Article
To Help Life: An Overview of Montessori's Approach to the Child at Each Plane of Development
Publication: Family Life (AMI/USA), no. 2
Date: Winter 1982-1983
Pages: 6-9
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Language: English
Article
Reimagining Assessment in a Large Lecture: An Alternative Approach Inspired by Thomas Jefferson and Maria Montessori
Available from: Taylor and Francis Online
Publication: College Teaching
Date: Nov 8, 2022
Pages: 1-13
Americas, Assessment, Maria Montessori - Philosophy, North America, Thomas Jefferson - Philosophy, United States of America
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Abstract/Notes: In large lecture courses, it can be challenging to imagine assessing student learning in ways other than multiple-choice exams and traditional point-based grading. Inspired by major pedagogical principles shared by Maria Montessori and Thomas Jefferson and supported by current understandings of effective teaching, assessment was reimagined in a large introductory-level child psychology course to allow for free choice and active engagement. Instead of exams, students created a short scientific essay each week on what most interested them; essays were assessed using a short rubric and sampling techniques. Instead of traditional point-based grading, specifications grading was used. These changes, dubbed the JeffMonte method, were associated with better student performance, were received positively by students, and increased instructor satisfaction.
Language: English
DOI: 10.1080/87567555.2022.2140097
ISSN: 8756-7555
Article
Preschool Educational Approaches: A Comparative Study
Available from: Comparative Education Society of Iran (CESIR)
Publication: Iranian Journal of Comparative Education, vol. 5, no. 2
Date: 2022
Pages: 1898-1928
Comparative education, Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Reggio Emilia approach (Early childhood education) - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Waldorf method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Abstract/Notes: The aim of research was a comparative study of preschool educational approaches. In this research, the components of goals, content, teaching method, educational atmosphere and evaluation in romantic, humanistic, Montessori, Waldorf and Reggio Emilia approaches have been compared. The method of data collection and analysis were documentary and Bereday’s four-step approach respectively. In dimension of goals, all approaches emphasize the enrichment of the child's imagination through the senses. In the activities dimension, all approaches emphasize the learning process. Montessori and Reggio Emilia's approach, more than other approaches, design activities in a more problem-oriented manner. In the Montessori, Reggio Emilia and Waldorf approaches emphasized the question-and-answer method and indirect transmission of material to the child. In particular, the Reggio Emilia and Waldorf approaches have made the learning method the basis of child-teacher interaction, and teaching means the process of helping children learn research. In the dimension of educational atmosphere, human interaction with the environment - through the senses - is the basis of education in all approaches. In the evaluation dimension - with the exception of the Montessori approach which focuses on the extent to which predetermined goals are achieved-, other approaches do not emphasize learning standards and the evaluation is not done in the traditional way. Iranian curriculum planners are encouraged to use the findings of the present study to develop a suitable approach for early childhood education
Language: English
ISSN: 2588-7270
Article
Evaluating Traditional Day Care Practices: An Empirical Approach
Available from: Springer Link
Publication: Child Care Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 3
Date: 1975
Pages: 208-215
Article
Pre-School Education and Different Approaches That Emerged in Historical Development
Available from: Tishk International University (Iraq)
Publication: International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, vol. 9, no. 3
Date: 2022
Pages: 217-227
Comparative education, Early childhood care and education, Early childhood education, Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Reggio Emilia approach (Early childhood education) - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Waldorf method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Abstract/Notes: The history of pre-education is quite recent. In fact, in order for this education to start, it was necessary to wait for the formal education to spread to the whole society. Pre-school education, which emerged and designed to meet the needs of post-industrial societies, gave importance to the cognitive, affective and psychomotor development of students. Especially the educational needs of post-war societies also required pre-school education. In this context, three different approaches to pre-school education have emerged. The common point of these approaches is that they adopt a democratic education model and reject the authoritarian teacher role in the traditional education model. Thus, a reflection of humanity’s democratization adventure in the modern age has also shown itself in education models.
Language: English
ISSN: 2520-0968, 2409-1294
Article
The Learning Tree Montessori Child Care: An Approach to Diversity [Seattle, Washington]
Available from: ProQuest
Publication: Montessori Life, vol. 18, no. 4
Date: 2006
Pages: 34-35
Children with disabilities, Early childhood care and education, Early childhood education, Early childhood education - Parent participation, Montessori method of education, Montessori schools, Special education, The Learning Tree Montessori Child Care (Seattle)
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Abstract/Notes: In this article the author describes how she and her partners started The Learning Tree Montessori Child Care, a Montessori program with a different approach in Seattle in 1979. The author also relates that the other area Montessori schools then offered half-day programs, and as a result the children who attended were, for the most part, privileged, suburban, and white (their mothers could easily shuttle them back and forth to a half-day Montessori session). Instead of following the common practice of a Montessori 3-hour preschool experience followed by afternoon child care on- or offsite, their school has always offered a full-time seamless Montessori child-care program for children 2 1/2 through 5 years old with a 3-year age mix in every classroom. Parents may choose an all day program from 7:30 to 5:30 or a "school day" program from 9:00 to 3:00. The school's mission was to serve children of diverse ethnic and economic backgrounds as well as children from gay and lesbian families, with a goal that at least 20-25% of the families are eligible for some kind of tuition subsidy. Another significant feature of The Learning Tree is the extensive parent involvement in school programs.
Language: English
ISSN: 1054-0040
Article
L'Apprendimento come partecipazione a contesti significativi: l'esperienza del Reggio Emilia Approach alla luce dei contributi di Maria Montessori e John Dewey
Available from: IUL Press
Publication: IUL Research, vol. 2, no. 4
Date: 2021
Pages: 81-92
John Dewey - Philosophy, Maria Montessori - Philosophy, Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc., Reggio Emilia approach (Early childhood education) - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Abstract/Notes: Ripercorrendo gli spunti educativi offerti da Montessori e Dewey, il presente contributo intende proporre una lettura ragionata del ruolo del contesto come fattore educante nella pedagogia reggiana. Secondo un approccio socio-costruttivista, non solo l’ambiente scolastico, ma ogni tipologia di contesto sociale e culturale può essere importante ai fini educativi, se vi si rintracciano ed evidenziano relazioni significative, in un’ottica generativa di nuovi significati e relazioni.
Language: Italian
ISSN: 2723-9586
Article
Montessori's Teleological Approach to Education and its Implications / El enfoque teleológico de la educación Montessori y sus implicaciones
Available from: Revista Española de Pedagogía
Publication: Revista Española de Pedagogía, vol. 78, no. 277
Date: Sep-Dec 2020
Pages: 499-517
Maria Montessori - Philosophy, Montessori method of education - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
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Abstract/Notes: Read “Montessori’s teleological approach to education and its implications” from issue N. 277 of the Revista Española de Pedagogía
Language: English, Spanish
ISSN: 0034-9461, 2174-0909