Abstract/Notes: This article discusses the developmental importance of Montessori didactic materials in the mental, physical, intellectual development of preschool children. / Annotatsiya Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha tarbiya yoshidagi bolalarni ruhiy, jismoniy, aqliy rivojlantirishda Mariya Montessori didaktik materiallarining rivojlantiruvchi ahamiyati haqida yoritilgan. / В данной статье описывается развивающая роль дидактических материалов Марии Монтессорив умственном, физическом и интеллектуальном развитии дошкольников.

Language: Uzbek

Language: English

Published: Sarasota, Florida: The Montessori Foundation and the International Montessori Council, 2001

Language: English

Abstract/Notes: Aims. To investigate the efficacy of applying a Montessori intervention to improve the eating ability and nutritional status of residents with dementia in long-term care facilities. Background. An early intervention for eating difficulties in patients with dementia can give them a better chance of maintaining independence and reduce the risk of malnutrition. Methods. An experimental crossover design was employed. Twenty-nine residents were chosen from two dementia special care units in metropolitan Taipei. To avoid contamination between participants in units using both Montessori and control interventions, two dementia special care units were randomly assigned into Montessori intervention (I1) and routine activities (I2) sequence groups. A two-period crossover design was used, with 15 residents assigned to Montessori intervention sequence I (I1, I2) and 14 residents assigned to Montessori intervention sequence II (I2, I1). On each intervention day, residents were given their assigned intervention. Montessori intervention was provided in 30-min sessions once every day, three days per week, for eight weeks. There was a two-week washout period between each intervention. Results. There was a significant reduction in the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia score for the Montessori intervention period but not for the routine activities period, while the mean differences for the Eating Behavior Scale score, self-feeding frequency and self-feeding time were significantly higher than those of the routine activities period. Except for the Mini-Nutritional Assessment score post-test being significantly less than the pre-test for the routine activities period, no significant differences for any other variables were found for the routine activities period. Conclusion. This study confirms the efficacy of a Montessori intervention protocol on eating ability of residents with dementia. Adopting Montessori intervention protocols to maintain residents’ self-feeding ability in clinical practice is recommended. Relevance to clinical practice. Montessori-based activities could provide caregivers with an evidence-based nursing strategy to deal with eating difficulties of people with dementia.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03858.x

ISSN: 1365-2702

Language: English

Abstract/Notes: Adossé aux théories sociales contemporaines, les théories du care notamment, cet article esquisse une sociologie du soin dont le terrain est constitué par une ethnographie menée dans 5 institutions de long séjour qui accueillent des personnes âgées atteintes de démence. Mues par l’idéal d’autonomie, ces institutions ont adopté une méthode d’intervention en psychogériatrie, la « Méthode Montessori adaptée », qui promeut une nouvelle « forme de coordination » dans la relation de soin. Cette forme, le « faire avec », présuppose que l’aidant et l’aidé sont des sujets actifs de la relation, qui se symétrise tandis que les deux partenaires en coprésence interagissent avec une intensité plus ou moins égale. Le « faire avec » coexiste avec trois autres formes du « prendre soin », au sein desquelles l’agir de l’aidant et l’agir de l’aidé divergent en intensité : le faire sans », le « faire faire » et le « faire pour ». Resituer le « faire avec » au sein de ces autres formes du « prendre soin » nous donnera l’occasion de recomposer le territoire moral dans lequel il se tient et de considérer la relation d’aide selon les degrés de l’autonomie qu’elle distribue et aménage. [Based on contemporary social theories, including the theories of care, this article sketches a sociology of care, the terrain of which is constituted by an ethnography conducted in five long-term care institutions that host elderly people suffering from dementia. Driven by the ideal of autonomy, these institutions have adopted a psychogeriatric intervention method based on the Montessori method of education that promotes a new « form of coordination » in the care relationship. This form, « doing with », presupposes that the caregiver and the cared-for are active subjects of the relationship, which becomes symmetrical while the two partners in co-presence interact with more or less equal intensity. « Doing with » coexists with three other forms of « taking care », in which the acting of the caregiver and the acting of the person being cared for differ in intensity : « doing without », « making do » and « doing for ». Locating the « doing with » within these other forms of « taking care » will give us the opportunity to recompose the moral territory in which it stands and to consider the care relationship according to the degrees of autonomy it distributes and arranges.]

Language: French

DOI: 10.4000/teth.3639

ISSN: 2427-9188

Language: Chinese

Abstract/Notes: Montessori constituiu, em 1907, em Roma, uma escola pública para crianças em situação de risco, a Casa dei Bambini, embasada numa educação integral alicerçada na liberdade, na atividade e na individualidade. Durante aproximadamente quatro décadas, Montessori realizou pesquisas sobre o desenvolvimento infantil, cujos resultados foram difundidos transnacionalmente, configurando práticas e pensamento educacional inovadores fundamentados na relação entre o professor, o aluno e um ambiente de aprendizagem promotor da paz, da autoeducação, da autonomia, do respeito ao outro e do espírito científico e crítico. Com isso, também empreendeu uma didática para professores e a venda em série dos materiais que idealizou. O objeto desta narrativa historiográfica respaldada em Certeau (2014), Chartier (2010) e Magalhães (2004) foi a institucionalização do Método Montessori no Brasil, no âmbito cronológico das cinco primeiras décadas do século passado. Objetivou: reconhecer as formulações teóricas que permitiram identificar a origem do Método Montessori e cotejá-las com os projetos brasileiros desenvolvidos entre 1914-1952 apontando permanências e contribuições à educação brasileira; historicizar o processo de institucionalização da Pedagogia montessoriana no Brasil; problematizar a sua forma de apropriação na Educação Infantil e Ensino Primário, identificando por que o método é relacionado principalmente ao uso de materiais didáticos específicos e de mobiliário adequado ao tamanho das crianças. Foi constatado que a primeira escola montessoriana no Brasil, proveniente da vertente educacional estadunidense, atendeu ao público infantil, em São Paulo, no ano de 1915, num investimento particular de Ciridião Buarque e Mary Buarque. Esta pedagogia se irradiou por intermédio das apropriações realizadas pelos docentes da Escola Normal da Praça, em São Paulo, estado que possuía, desde 1924, legislação que indicava o uso de materiais didáticos de Montessori e de Froebel, mas de forma desarticulada dos princípios pedagógicos. No Paraná, a educação montessoriana foi institucionalizada na legislação educacional da Pré-escola em 1915 e investimentos foram realizados em 1924, quando Lysímaco Costa adquiriu os ?enxovais montessorianos? para quatro Jardins de Infância. Em Curitiba, em 1927, durante a Primeira Conferência Nacional da Associação Brasileira de Educação (ABE) foram apresentadas teses com base montessoriana. Ainda no Paraná, no final da década de 1940, a utilização do método ocorreu no ensino público no Programa da Pré-escola e do Ensino Primário e em 1952 foi inaugurada a Escola Experimental Montessoriana Rural para crianças do Ensino Primário, por iniciativa de Eny Caldeira. Ela e Piper de Lacerda Borges, presidente da Associação Montessori do Brasil, fizeram curso com Montessori, na Itália, em 1951. Já na Bahia, em 1927, efetivaram-se cursos de férias para formação de professores durante os quais foram disseminadas pelos docentes da Escola Normal de Salvador concepções montessorianas e a ressignificação dos materiais, tanto para a Pré-escola como para o Ensino Primário. O teor destes cursos foi divulgado por revistas pedagógicas. No mesmo local, em 1924, Alípio Franca traduziu o Livro Pedagogia Científica. No Rio de Janeiro, materiais e frações do método montessoriano se disseminaram para a Educação Infantil por meio da legislação educacional, em 1921 e em 1929. Evidências da utilização do Método Montessori em perspectiva não restrita ao uso de materiais didáticos foram encontradas nos programas infantis radiofônicos realizados por Mary Buarque, em São Paulo, a partir de 1936; no vínculo do método com a assistência social e teosófica, na década de 1950, disseminado por Piper de Lacerda Borges; no reuso dado ao método pelo lusitano Agostinho da Silva, também nos anos 1950, na criação de algumas universidades. Conclui-se que, entre 1914 e 1952, o processo de institucionalização do método Montessori no Brasil foi capitaneado por diversos sujeitos, em diferentes lugares do país, com apropriações e representações. [Abstract : Montessori established, in 1907, in Rome, a public school to children at risk, The Casa dei Bambini, which since then preserve the Montessori method characteristics, advocating the integral education based on freedom, action and on the individuality. For approximately four decades, Montessori researched about Children development, whose results were spread abroad, defining practices and innovative educational thoughts grounded on the relationship between teacher, the student and the learning environment advancing peace, self-education, self-correction with autonomy in sight, mutual respect, critic and the scientific spirit. The Objective of this study is the Montessori method establishment in Brazil, on the chronologic aspect along the first five decades from the last century. It?s a biographical research and documentary with a historical focus. The analysis is grounded in Certeau (2014), Chartier(2010) e Magalhães(2004). Objective: Recognize the formulation of the Montessori method in projects of its establishment in Brazil between 1914-1952; To Problematize political conditions, social, economical and cultural to set up the Montessori method in Brazil and its Educational applicability, questioning the reductionist mode relating to its use as specific materials and its adequate child-sized furniture. It has been verified that The First Montessori-based in Brazil served the children?s audience, in São Paulo, in the year of 1915, coming from the American strand, in a private enterprise of Ciridião Buarque e Mary Buarque. Such pedagogy irradiated by the mediation of these appropriation and representations made by teachers of the Escola Normal da Praça. São Paulo possessed, since 1924, laws that indicated the use of Montessori and Froebel?s course-ware, mas in a inarticulate way to the pedagogical principles. In Paraná, the Montessori-based education was established in the child education legislation in 1915 and investments were performed in 1924, when Lysímaco Costa acquired the ?montesorri layettes? to 4 Kindergarden. In Curitiba, in 1927, at the First National Conference of The Brazilian Association of Education (ABE), were presented thesis with Montessori bases. Still in Paraná, at the end of 40s, the method utilization occurred in the public education in the Preschool Program and Primary School and in 1952 was opened in Curitiba The Rural Montessori Experimental School to primary school, by the enterprise of Eny Caldeira.Piper Borges de Lacerda and Eny Caldeira speeches, whom realized in 1950 a course with Montessori in Perugia.In 1927, in Bahia, were realized vacation courses to teachers complementary training which were disseminated by the teacher of the Normal School of Salvador the Montessori concepts and the course-ware new meanings to the child education such as primary education. The matters discussed in these courses were spread by pedagogical magazines. In 1924, Alípio Franca translated The Method of Scientific Pedagogy applied to the Child Education at the Boys? House. In Rio de Janeiro, course-wares and parts of Montessori method were spread to Children education by education law, in 1921 and in 1929. Evidences of the Montessori use in perspective non-restricted to materials were found in children radio shows performed by Mary Buarque, in São Paulo, from 1936, whereupon self-education, the independence, the knowledge of child development phases, the singers freedom movement and the minimal intervention of the adult tutor made part of the proposal. In a mystic perspective, there was a link with the method and the social and theosophic assistance, in the 50 decade, disseminating in Rio de Janeiro and Paraná, by Piper Lacerda Borges and his husband. In the reuse given to the Agostinho da Silva method, also in the 1950, were present in the some universities creations, such as the Federal University of Santa Catarina as well from Paraíba and The University of Brasilia. Concluded that between 1914 and 1952, the establishment process of the Montessori method in Brazil was lead by several different individuals, from different parts of the country, with appropriations and personal representations.]

Language: Portuguese

Published: Florianópolis, Brazil, 2017

Abstract/Notes: The excitement accompanying the announcement of the Montessori method in the early part of the twentieth century did not presage its ultimate fate. Previous research has attributed rejection to Montessori's nationality, religious affiliation, professional training and Kilpatrick's evaluation in his monograph 'The Montessori System Examined'. This study investigated barriers within the adopting system rather than those associated with Montessori herself and in addition, compared the present environment for the adoption of technologies of instruction using computer-assisted instruction as an example. An analysis of the characteristics of computer assisted instruction and its innovation environment revealed many parallels with the Montessori method. Within the hierarchical system of education professors of education represented the apex of the system, superintendents constituted the middle portion while teachers occupied the least authoritative position. High status members who viewed the collection of didactic materials as a technological innovation, low status members who perceived the reorganization of time to accomodate students' needs as an organizational innovation, and marginal status members who regarded the shift from teacher-centered instruction to materials-centered instruction as a paradigmatic innovation could accept the Montessori method. However, partitioning the system of education into school building and classroom subsets effectively advanced both administrators and teachers to high status positions with the results that each group would reject the Montessori method as a paradigmatic innovation, particularly when the consequences of adoption formed part of the decision process. The early view of the didactic materials as a technological innovation gave way to the perspective that the process of designing and implementing the Montessori method was a paradigmatic innovation requiring the assumption that materials-centered instruction was as effective as teacher-centered instruction. The consequences of this restructured view of the system of education for each of the three groups would have been a loss of power, prestige and economic position.

Language: English

Published: Bloomington, Indiana, 1985

Language: English

ISSN: 0571-1142