Abstract/Notes: This thesis essay looks at the genre of creative nonfiction in children’s picture books to find literary and design elements that are utilized in award winning books and how those components transfer to the first three planes of development in the Montessori method of education. The three creative works of the thesis, Under the Surface: A Sea Mammal’s Day, Dive into a Kelp Forest, and Reef are picture books with an environmental, ocean theme. Each book corresponds with one of the first three planes of development put forth by Maria Montessori in her philosophy of education. Analysis of these works show how literary and aesthetic devices, as evidenced in award winning genre picture books, pertain to and contribute to the sensitive periods of learning for each plane and its corresponding age group.

Language: English

Published: Roanoke, Virginia, 2022

Abstract/Notes: As the prologue to the research of early childhood education and care in Southern Europe, I noted the schools at Sagrada Familia in Catalunya following Montessori Method. Gaudi built the Schools at Sagrada Familia around 1909, mainly with the goal of providing schooling for children in the neighborhood growing up around the Temple and for the children of the people working on the site, expanding beyond the professional and personal knowledge of the parents to give their children more culture. The teaching style chosen was new and broke with all the old educational methods, following the new teaching methods of Maria Montessori. The most distinctive thing about the architecture of this building is its wavy facades. The walls and roof transformed the traditional technique of fl at brick vaults because, as the schools set out to open up new paths in teaching, so did Gaudi with his new architecture.

Language: English

Language: English

Published: New York, New York, 1969

Abstract/Notes: In India the Montessori Method has survived in various forms for a continuous period longer than virtually anywhere else in the world. Its adoption coincided with a crucial period in the nation's history when a growing nationalist movement was seeking to rid the country of foreign domination and dependency. Although the Method was foreign, the emphasis on liberty and the development of individuals capable of independent thought and action appealed to elite groups and to elements of the nationalist movement. The Method was believed to be modern and scientific and was greeted with enthusiasm by those who sought modernization and progress in a traditional society. Late in life Maria Montessori, accompanied by her son Mario, visited India, and her presence over a period of almost nine years from 1939-46 and 1947-49 gave a boost to the growing Montessori movement. Whilst in India, Montessori gave full voice to the spiritualism inherent in her work. In the West she was considered eccentric and her Method out of date, but in India, where religion exerted a powerful and pervasive influence, she was consistent with an ancient tradition of religious educators. A sprinkling of Indians had always attended her international training courses abroad, and in India they flocked to hear her message of human regeneration through the child. The Montessori Method was largely patronized by a relatively affluent, Westernized and urbanized elite who could afford the expensive apparatus. Gandhi, however, had urged Montessori to devise materials in accordance with the economic and social conditions prevailing in India's villages. Although she found much time during the years in India to develop her Method further to cover the period from birth to three years and from six to twelve years, she appears to have given little thought to its application among the country's largely illiterate poor who comprised the bulk of the population. However, an "Indianized" Montessori movement emerged in Western India, allied to the Gandhian nationalist movement, which became concerned with "adapting" the Method according to Gandhian principles, and applying it in the villages. The resultant hybrid pre-primary education enjoyed widespread application in post-Independence India and received recognition at the national level by government and non-government agencies. Recently it has been afforded a crucial role in a major human resources development programme designed to alleviate the effects of poverty amongst women and young children. The present study has drawn on a wide range of primary and secondary sources including archival material, newspapers, journals, published and unpublished correspondence, and personal interviews to trace the history of the Montessori movement in India from the time of early interest in the Method in 1912. The early chapters provide an introduction to Montessori's life and work and an historical background to the adoption of the Method. The application of the Method and the expansion of the Montessori movement is explored in subsequent chapters and, finally, in chapters six and seven, the study discusses directions in the movement after the departure of Madame Montessori and her son in 1949.

Language: English

Published: Sydney, Australia, 1987

Abstract/Notes: This study explored why parents choose Montessori schools for their children. Parents from two public (n = 40) and two private (n = 10) Montessori schools responded to a written survey designed to discern what characteristics parents valued in making their decision. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests were used to understand the trends present in parents‟ responses. Comparisons were made between public and private Montessori parents to explore the overarching themes and to determine differences that existed between the two types of parents. The researcher conducted thirteen interviews designed to elicit additional information about why the parents chose Montessori programs and to confirm the results of the quantitative data. Open-ended survey items and interview transcripts were coded using content analysis. Public and private Montessori school parents valued similar factors and characteristics with a few significant differences. Public Montessori parents valued diversity and free tuition while private Montessori parents placed higher value on academic programming. Information obtained from the participants indicated several areas of opportunity for schools to develop creative marketing strategies and to employ innovative strategies for improvement.

Language: English

Published: Lincoln, Nebraska, 2010

Abstract/Notes: Montessori education was developed over a century ago. Dr. Montessori and her followers designed learning environments to meet the academic, social and psychological needs of students from eighteen months to eighteen years old. Within her writings and books, Dr. Montessori described strategies and structures that support autonomy, competence and relatedness. These same supports are found within Self-determination Theory (SDT) literature. Research points towards a link between satisfaction of the basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness and increased resilience, goal achievement, and feelings of well-being. . This study examined the influence of enrollment on the development of self- determination in a Montessori middle school which is intentionally created to support the development of autonomy, competence, and relatedness on adolescents. Bounded by self-determination, critical, and student voice theory, this research was designed to give voice to the most important stakeholders in education, add to the discourse on middle school reform, and provide the perspective of the student to the critique of middle level education. Based on the analysis of narrative, the major themes which represented all participants in all cycles were indicators of the importance of autonomy and relatedness. Two themes, "choose type of work", "choose order of tasks" illustrate the importance of autonomy to this group of students. The last major theme, "help me stay on top of things" highlighted the importance of relatedness to the study group. From these themes implications for middle level educators, educational leaders and future researchers were developed. Participants in the study voiced strong opinions about practices which supported autonomy and relatedness. Students valued the ability to choose the order of their tasks and the tasks they could choose to demonstrate understanding as well as the ability to re-take tests. These changes require a paradigm shift to a student- centered learning environment. Educational leaders can support this shift through providing staff development and planning time. Future research suggested by this study include studies which could further examine a possible link between relatedness support and student achievement and studies designed to capture the voices of students with a low measured SDT

Language: English

Published: San Diego, California, 2013

Abstract/Notes: Problemas dos mais simples aos mais complexos estão presentes no dia-a-dia das pessoas. Assim, diferentes áreas da Psicologia têm estudado os processos psicológicos relacionados à resolução de problema (RP), destacando-se a interface entre RP e processos educacionais. Embora as habilidades de RP sejam aspectos chave do processo educacional, há controvérsias sobre como promovê-las em ambiente escolar. O Método Montessori (MM) é uma das estratégias educacionais que têm como um de seus propósitos desenvolver essas habilidades em sala. Desse modo, esta Tese conduziu estudos com diferentes delineamentos – correlacional e quase experimental – com o objetivo de analisar se o MM promove habilidades gerais de RP. Devido à carência de instrumentos brasileiros que avaliam este construto, no primeiro capítulo é apresentado o processo de construção das Escalas de Resolução de Problema (ERP), incluindo elaboração de itens, grupos focais (N = 24) e análise por juízes (N = 23), bem como estudos (N = 767) para a obtenção de evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna e estimativas de fidedignidade para as ERP. Análises fatoriais confirmatórias evidenciaram que as ERP possuem duas escalas (Habilidades de Resolução de Problemas (HRP) e Orientação em Relação ao Problema (ORP)) com consistência interna satisfatória. As ERP foram utilizadas em um estudo (Capítulo 2) que teve como objetivo comparar as habilidades de RP de estudantes (N = 91) de escolas tradicionais e montessorianas, sendo que, no último caso, considerou-se a fidelidade de implementação (Montessori Clássico ou Montessori Suplementar), além de variáveis demográficas e educacionais. Não foram obtidas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os alunos dos dois tipos de escolas pesquisadas. ORP não se associou às variáveis demográficas e educacionais investigadas e, ao classificar HRP em níveis (baixo, médio e alto), observou-se um escore mais elevado de alunas com níveis médios. Com o objetivo de analisar os efeitos de um processo de educação matemática baseado em princípios do MM no desenvolvimento de habilidades de RP, conduziu-se um quase experimento (Capítulo 3) com alunos de quarto e quinto anos do Ensino Fundamental (N = 18). Após serem subdivididos em Grupo Montessori (GM) e Grupo Ensino Tradicional (GET), eles participaram de um processo de educação matemática. As ERP foram aplicadas pré e pós-educação matemática. Foram observados ganhos tanto em HRP quanto em ORP, ainda que limitados, no GM. Todavia, GM e GET não 5 diferiram quanto ao desempenho em matemática. É possível afirmar que, apesar de outras pesquisas serem necessárias para obter mais evidências de validade e estimar sua fidedignidade, as ERP possuem propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias. Também há evidências de que o MM pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de habilidades de RP. Porém, no último caso, também são necessárias mais evidências empíricas, especialmente aquelas obtidas em salas de aula e não em experimentos. Desenvolver as habilidades de RP dos discentes é fundamental, pois elas são essenciais tanto no processo de ensino-aprendizagem quanto na vida. [Problems, from simple to complex ones, are present in people's daily lives. The way each person responds to them is related to several psychological correlates, such as better psychological adjustment. Thus, different areas of Psychology have studied the psychological processes related to problem-solving (PS), emphasizing the interface between PS and educational processes. Even though PS skills are key aspects of the educational process, there are controversies about how to promote them in the school environment. The Montessori Method (MM) is one of the educational strategies that has as one of its purposes to develop these skills in the classroom. Thus, this thesis has conducted studies with different designs - correlational and quasi-experimental - with the objective of analyzing whether the MM promotes general PS skills. Due to the lack of Brazilian instruments that assess this construct, the first chapter presents the construction process of the Problem-Solving Scales (ERP), including the elaboration of items, focus groups (N = 24) and analysis by judges (N = 23), as well as studies (N = 767) to obtain evidence of validity based on internal structure and reliability estimates for ERP. Confirmatory factor analyzes showed that the ERP have two scales (Problem Resolution Skills (PSS) and Problem Orientation (PO)) with satisfactory internal consistency. The ERP were used in a study (Chapter 2) that aimed to compare the PS skills of students (N = 91) of traditional and montessorian schools and, in the latter case, implementation fidelity was considered (Classic Montessori or Supplemented Montessori). Associations were also made between these skills and demographic and educational variables. There were no statistically significant differences between the students of the two types of schools researched. PO was not associated to the demographic and educational variables investigated and when PSS was classified in levels (low, medium and high), a higher score of students with average levels was observed. In order to analyze the effects of a mathematical education process based on MM principles on the development of PS skills, a quasi-experiment (Chapter 3) was conducted with students of fourth and fifth grades of Elementary School (N = 18). After subdividing them into Montessori Group (MG) and Traditional Schooling Group (TSG), they participated in a process of mathematical education. The ERP were applied pre and post-mathematical education. There were gains in both PSS and PO, albeit limited, in 7 the MG. However, MG and TSG did not differ in mathematical performance. It is possible to state that, even though other studies are necessary to obtain more evidence of validity and to estimate its reliability, the ERP have satisfactory psychometric properties. There is also evidence that the MM can contribute to the development of PS skills. However, in the latter case, more empirical evidence is also needed, especially those obtained in classrooms rather than in experiments. Developing the PS skills of the students is fundamental, since they are essential both in the teaching-learning process and in life itself.]

Language: Portuguese

Published: Juiz de Fora, Brazil, 2017

Abstract/Notes: El presente proyecto de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar la manera en que el Método Montessori contribuye al desarrollo de la expresión oral del Idioma Inglés en los niños de Educación Inicial del Centro Educativo Margarita Naseau en el periodo 2019-2020. El sustento teórico se orientó en la aplicación educativa, materiales didácticos, rol del docente y la enseñanza del idioma inglés. Por lo tanto, el proyecto tiene un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, de carácter descriptivo y a su vez correlacional, bajo la modalidad socioeducativa que corresponde a una investigación aplicada porque se basa en datos reales. Las técnicas aplicadas en esta investigación fueron encuesta a los docentes y lista de cotejo a los estudiantes del Centro Educativo con el objetivo de determinar cómo el método Montessori contribuye al desarrollo de la expresión oral del idioma Inglés en los estudiantes. Una vez realizado el análisis e interpretación de resultados se concluyó que la aplicación del Método Montessori así como ayuda al niño a ser independiente también lo ayuda aprender diferentes idiomas y además se determinó la importancia que tiene para mejorar la expresión oral. La propuesta en base a los resultados es la elaboración de una guía de actividades lúdicas que incluye la aplicación del Método Montessori y los diferentes materiales a utilizarse.

Language: Spanish

Published: Quito, Ecuador, 2020

Abstract/Notes: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Montessori Method which is widely used among alternative training models, on the readiness, mathematics and reading and writing skills of first grade elementary students. As the research model, nested pattern being among mixed method research patterns has been preferred. In the quantitative side of the study, experimental design has been used and in the qualitative side, interview and observations have been used. Research study group was composed of 23 learners attending two different elementary schools in Burdur Altinyayla district within academic period of 2017-2018 as well as class teacher of experimental group and the parents. In the preparation of teaching design that is based on Montessori Method that is applied in the study, ADDIE approach has been taken as basis. In the first period of academic years of 2017-2018, in the experimental group Montessori Method has been applied and in the control group, MEB teaching program events have been applied. Quantitative data of research have been obtained by using 'Metropolitan School Maturity Test' (Oktay, 1980), 'Early Mathematics Skills Test (TEMA-3)' (Erdoğan, 2006) and reading and writing skills assessment forms developed by the researcher (reading speed, comprehension, writing speed, writing speed, legibility). "Metropolitan School Maturity Test' and 'Early Mathematics Skills Test" have been applied as pre-test and post-test, while reading and writing skills assessment forms have been applied as post-test and permanency test. In gathering qualitative data, teacher and parent interview forms, researcher observations (notes, photography and video records) and teacher diaries have been used. In the analysis of quantitative data, for dependent and independent samples groups, t-test, Mann Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Marked Sequences Test have been used and impact sizes have been calculated. In the analysis of qualitative data, Miles and Huberman Model has been used. According to the quantitative results of research, Montessori Method improves readiness, mathematics and reading, writing skills. According to qualitative research results, it has been determined that the method enables easy and permanent learning with its integrated thematic approach and that it improved communication, creative thinking, decision taking skills as wells as hand skills of learners and that it improved collaboration of learner-learner and learner-teacher-parent. It has been seen that qualitative outcomes of research supported the quantitative results. It has been observed that Montesori Method has been effective in first class of elementary school. Longitudinal studies can be performed as relating with implementation of Montessori Method in elementary school. / Bu araştırmanın amacı, alternatif eğitim modelleri arasında yaygın olarak kullanılan Montessori Yöntemi'nin, ilkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin hazırbulunuşluklarına, matematik ve okuma yazma becerilerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma modeli olarak karma yöntem araştırma desenlerinden iç iç geçmiş desen tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmanın nicel kısmında yarı deneysel desen, nitel kısmında ise görüşme ve gözlem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2017-2018 öğretim yılında, Burdur Altınyayla ilçesinde iki ayrı ilkokula devam eden 23 öğrenci ile deney grubu sınıf öğretmeni ve velileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada uygulanan Montessori Yöntemi'ne dayalı öğretim tasarımının hazırlanmasında ADDIE yaklaşımı temel alınmıştır. 2017-2018 öğretim yılının birinci döneminde deney grubunda Montessori Yöntemi, kontrol grubunda MEB öğretim programı etkinlikleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel verileri, 'Metropolitan Okul Olgunluğu Testi' (Oktay, 1980), 'Erken Matematik Yeteneği Testi' (Erdoğan, 2006) ve araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen okuma yazma becerileri değerlendirme formları (okuma hızı, okuduğunu anlama, yazma hızı, yazı okunaklılığı değerlendirme formu) kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. 'Metropolitan Okul Olgunluğu Testi' ile 'Erken Matematik Yeteneği Testi (TEMA-3)' ön test ve son test olarak, okuma yazma becerileri değerlendirme formları ise son test ve izleme testi olarak uygulanmıştır. Nitel verilerin toplanmasında öğretmen ve veli görüşme formları, araştırmacı gözlemi (notlar, fotoğraf ve video kayıtları) ve öğretmen günlüğü kullanılmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde bağımlı ve bağımsız örneklemler için t-Testi, Mann Whitney U Testi ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi kullanılmış ve etki büyüklükleri hesaplanmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde Miles ve Huberman Modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel sonuçlarına göre Montessori Yöntemi; hazırbulunuşluluğu, matematik ve okuma yazma becerilerini geliştirmektedir. Nitel araştırma sonuçlarına göre yöntemin bütünleştirilmiş tematik yaklaşımı ile kolay ve kalıcı öğrenme sağladığı, öğrencilerin iletişim, yaratıcı düşünme, karar verme becerileri ile el becerilerini geliştirdiği, öğrenci-öğrenci ve öğrenci-öğretmen-veli işbirliğini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın nitel sonuçlarının nicel sonuçları desteklediği görülmüştür. İlkokul birinci sınıfta Montesori Yöntemi'nin etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Montessori Yöntemi'nin ilkokulda uygulanması ile ilgili boylamsal çalışmalar yapılabilir.

Language: Turkish

Published: Burdur, Turkey, 2019

Abstract/Notes: The main purpose of this research is examining the effect of Montessori education approach on 4-6 years old children's concept acquisition (school readiness, direction/position, self/social awareness, texture/material, quantity and time/sequence), social adaptation (communication, daily living, socialization and motor skills) and fine motor skills.As a method of this research was preferred pre-test/ post-test, experimental and control group. Pre-test/post-test was carried out to examine effect of the Montessori education on 4-6 years old children who are experimental group and control group was formed to compare effect of Montessori education on experimental group. Sample of research was conducted 4-6 years old 24 children who were educated with Montessori education at Gazi University Faculty of Vocational Education Department of Child Development and Education Application Preschool and 4-6 years old 24 children who were educated at Ankara University Application Preschool and Child Club where MoNE's curriculum was carried out. For the first experiment, curriculum which contains aims of learning of Montessori education was applied on experimental group from 2008 September to 2009 January and MoNE's curriculum was applied on control group at the same time. In addition to for the second experiment, sensory education was applied with sensory material which contain in Montessori education approach on experimental group from 2009 January to June and MoNE's curriculum was applied on control group at the same time.For acquisitions of children's concepts such as school readiness, direction/position, self/social awareness, texture/material, quantity and time/sequence, Bracken Basic Concept Scale-Revised, for adaptive behavior of children such as communication, daily living, socialization Vineland II Adaptive Behavior Scales and for children's fine motor skills Observing Form of Fine Motor Skills were used as data collecting instruments.Comparing both groups for pre-test and post-test mean score which obtain from Bracken Basic Concept Scale-Revised results show that statistical differences were found between experimental and control group and these differences were in support of experimental group. There are differences between children who were obtained education from Montessori approach and MoNE's curriculum in school readiness, direction/position, self/social awareness, texture/material, quantity and time/sequence areas. Result of statistical analysis show that there are differences between children who were obtained education from Montessori approach and MoNE's curriculum in communication, daily living, socialization and motor skills areas. There are also differences found between children who were obtained education from Montessori approach and MoNE's curriculum in fine motor skills areas.Finally, results show that Montessori education approach has positive effects on children's acquisition of concepts, social adaptation and fine motor skills. / Bu araştırmanın temel amacı Montessori eğitim yönteminin 4-6 yaş arası çocukların kavram edinimleri (okula hazırlık seviyeleri, yön/konum, bireysel/sosyal farkındalık, yapı/materyal, miktar ve zaman/sıralama), sosyal uyumları (iletişim, günlük yaşam, sosyalleşme ve motor becerileri) ve küçük kas motor becerileri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.Bu çalışmada araştırma modeli olarak ön test, son test ve deney-kontrol gruplu deneysel desen tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmada deney grubundaki 4-6 yaş arası çocuklara verilen Montessori eğitiminin etkisini ölçmek amacı ile ön test-son test çalışması yapılmış ve Montessori eğitim yönteminin deney grubu üzerindeki etkisini karşılaştırmak amacı ile kontrol grubu oluşturulmuştur. Örneklemin oluşturulmasında deney grubunu Gazi Üniversitesi Mesleki Eğitim Fakültesi Çocuk Gelişimi Eğitimi Bölümü Uygulama Anaokuluna devam eden ve Montessori eğitimi alan 4-6 yaş arasındaki 24 çocuk, kontrol grubunu ise Ankara Üniversitesi Uygulama Anaokulu ve Çocuk Kulübüne devam eden MEB Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programının uygulandığı okul öncesi eğitimi alan 24 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın 1. deneyini gerçekleştirmek için deney grubuna Montessori yönteminde belirtilen öğrenme görevlerinden oluşan eğitim programı Eylül 2008 - Ocak 2009 tarihleri arasında uygulanmış, Kontrol grubuna ise MEB Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı uygulanmıştır. Bununla birlikte araştırmanın 2.deneyini gerçekleştirmek için deney grubuna Ocak-Haziran 2009 tarihleri arasında Montessori eğitim yönteminde bulunan duyu alanı materyalleri ile duyu eğitimi verilmiş, Kontrol grubu ise MEB Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı kapsamındaki okul öncesi eğitimine devam etmiştir.Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak; çocukların kavram edinimleri (okula hazırlık seviyeleri, yön/konum, bireysel/sosyal farkındalık, yapı/materyal, miktar ve zaman/sıralama) için Bracken Temel Kavram Ölçeği Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu (Bracken Basic Concept Scale-Revised), çocukların sosyal uyumları için; (iletişim, günlük yaşam, sosyalleşme ve motor becerileri) Vineland II Uyum Davranış Ölçeği ve çocukların küçük kas motor becerileri için; Küçük Kas Motor Becerileri Gözlem Formu kullanılmıştır.Bulgular, grupların Bracken Temel Kavram Ölçeğinin alt ölçeklerinden aldıkları ön test-son test aritmetik ortalama puanları karşılaştırıldığında, deney ve kontrol grubu arasındaki istatistiksel farkların deney grubu lehine olduğunu göstermektedir. Montessori eğitimi alan çocuklar ve Montessori eğitimi almayan çocuklar karşılaştırıldığında okula hazırlık seviyeleri, yön/konum, bireysel/sosyal farkındalık, yapı/materyal, miktar ve zaman/sıralama gibi kavram alanlarında istatistiksel olarak deney grubu lehine anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. İletişim, günlük yaşam, sosyalleşme ve motor becerileri gibi sosyal uyum becerileri yönünden Montessori eğitimi alan çocuklar lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar yapılan analizler sonucunda bulunmuştur. Küçük kas motor becerileri alanında da iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu bulunmuş ve bu farklılığın deney grubu lehine olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Montessori eğitim yönteminin çocukların kavram edinimleri, sosyal uyumları ve küçük kas motor becerileri üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu söylenebilir.

Language: Turkish

Published: Ankara, Turkey, 2011